“Rising Threat: America’s Battle Against Antisemitic Terror”

1[House Hearing, 119 Congress]2[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]34                                 ______56       RISING THREAT: AMERICA'S BATTLE AGAINST ANTISEMITIC TERROR78=======================================================================910                                HEARING1112                               BEFORE THE1314                       SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT1516                                 OF THE1718                       COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY1920                     U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES2122                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS2324                             FIRST SESSION2526                               __________2728                         TUESDAY, JUNE 24, 20252930                               __________3132                           Serial No. 119-263334                               __________3536         Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary3738     GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT3940               Available via: http://judiciary.house.gov4142                            ______4344             U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE45 60-779          WASHINGTON : 20254647                       COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY4849                        JIM JORDAN, Ohio, Chair5051DARRELL ISSA, California             JAMIE RASKIN, Maryland, Ranking52ANDY BIGGS, Arizona                      Member53TOM McCLINTOCK, California           JERROLD NADLER, New York54THOMAS P. TIFFANY, Wisconsin         ZOE LOFGREN, California55THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky              STEVE COHEN, Tennessee56CHIP ROY, Texas                      HENRY C. ``HANK'' JOHNSON, Jr.,57SCOTT FITZGERALD, Wisconsin              Georgia58BEN CLINE, Virginia                  ERIC SWALWELL, California59LANCE GOODEN, Texas                  TED LIEU, California60JEFFERSON VAN DREW, New Jersey       PRAMILA JAYAPAL, Washington61TROY E. NEHLS, Texas                 J. LUIS CORREA, California62BARRY MOORE, Alabama                 MARY GAY SCANLON, Pennsylvania63KEVIN KILEY, California              JOE NEGUSE, Colorado64HARRIET M. HAGEMAN, Wyoming          LUCY McBATH, Georgia65LAUREL M. LEE, Florida               DEBORAH K. ROSS, North Carolina66WESLEY HUNT, Texas                   BECCA BALINT, Vermont67RUSSELL FRY, South Carolina          JESUS G. ``CHUY'' GARCIA, Illinois68GLENN GROTHMAN, Wisconsin            SYDNEY KAMLAGER-DOVE, California69BRAD KNOTT, North Carolina           JARED MOSKOWITZ, Florida70MARK HARRIS, North Carolina          DANIEL S. GOLDMAN, New York71ROBERT F. ONDER, Jr., Missouri       JASMINE CROCKETT, Texas72DEREK SCHMIDT, Kansas73BRANDON GILL, Texas74MICHAEL BAUMGARTNER, Washington7576                                 ------7778                       SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT7980                 JEFFERSON VAN DREW, New Jersey, Chair8182BARRY MOORE, Alabama                 JASMINE CROCKETT, Texas, Ranking83ROBERT F. ONDER, Jr., Missouri           Member84DEREK SCHMIDT, Kansas                JARED MOSKOWITZ, Florida85BRANDON GILL, Texas                  HENRY C. ``HANK'' JOHNSON, Jr.,86                                         Georgia8788               CHRISTOPHER HIXON, Majority Staff Director89                  JULIE TAGEN, Minority Staff Director90                            C O N T E N T S9192                              ----------9394                         Tuesday, June 24, 202595                           OPENING STATEMENTS9697                                                                   Page98The Honorable Jefferson Van Drew, Chair of the Subcommittee on99  Oversight from the State of New Jersey.........................     1100The Honorable Jamie Raskin, Ranking Member of the Committee on101  the Judiciary from the State of Maryland.......................     3102The Honorable Jim Jordan, Chair of the Committee on the Judiciary103  from the State of Ohio.........................................     6104The Honorable Jasmine Crockett, Ranking Member of the105  Subcommittee on Oversight from the State of Texas..............     6106107                               WITNESSES108109Debra Cooper, Chief, Digital Activism; End Jew Hatred and Jewish110  Advocacy Research, Writer Group111  Oral Testimony.................................................     9112  Prepared Testimony.............................................    12113Kenneth L. Marcus, Founder, Chair, The Louis D. Brandeis Center114  for Human Rights Under Law115  Oral Testimony.................................................    28116  Prepared Testimony.............................................    30117Dan Schneider, Vice President, Free Speech, Media Research Center118  Oral Testimony.................................................    44119  Prepared Testimony.............................................    46120Mathew S. Nosanchuk, Former Deputy Assistant Secretary, Office121  for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education122  Oral Testimony.................................................    65123  Prepared Testimony.............................................    67124125          LETTERS, STATEMENTS, ETC. SUBMITTED FOR THE HEARING126127All materials submitted by the Subcommittee on Oversight, for the128  record.........................................................    91129130                                APPENDIX131132A statement from the Jewish Electorate Institute, Jul. 1, 2025,133  submitted by the Honorable Jamie Raskin, Ranking Member of the134  Committee on the Judiciary from the State of Maryland, for the135  record136137       RISING THREAT: AMERICA'S BATTLE AGAINST ANTISEMITIC TERROR138139                              ----------140141                         Tuesday, June 24, 2025142143                        House of Representatives144145                       Subcommittee on Oversight146147                       Committee on the Judiciary148149                             Washington, DC150151    The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 3 p.m., in Room1522141, Rayburn House Office Building, the Hon. Jefferson Van153Drew [Chair of the Subcommittee] presiding.154    Members present: Representatives Van Drew, Jordan, Moore,155Onder, Schmidt, Gill, Crockett, Raskin, Moskowitz, and Johnson.156    Also present: Representative Goldman.157    Mr. Van Drew. The Subcommittee will come to order. Without158objection, the Chair is authorized to declare a recess at any159time. We welcome everyone to today's hearing on stopping160antisemitic attacks.161    I am going to now recognize the gentleman from Alabama to162lead us in the Pledge of Allegiance, and then I am going to ask163that everybody stay standing for a moment of silence.164    All. I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States165of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one166Nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for167all.168    Mr. Van Drew. Remain standing. I will now recognize myself169for an opening statement.170    Welcome again, everyone, to today's Committee hearing. I171want to thank our witnesses. I want to thank you for being172here--time is precious--and welcome our fellow Americans who173are joining us this afternoon.174    Today, we convene to confront a crisis that threatens the175very fabric of the United States of America, an alarming and a176dangerous escalation in violent antisemitic incidents occurring177across our United States of America. In 2023, there were over1789,300 documented antisemitic incidents in the United States--1792023, the most ever recorded in our history.180    While the Jewish Americans represent just 2.4 percent of181the population, they are nearly the target of just about 70182percent of all religious hate crimes, according to the FBI.183That is based on 2023 statistics as well. It is not184speculation. It is data. It is real, and it is getting worse.185    We have seen in Boulder, Colorado, where a peaceful186gathering to raise awareness about hostages held by Hamas was187attacked with firebombs. We have seen it here in Washington,188DC, where two beautiful Israeli Embassy employees were189murdered. They were shot and they were killed. We have seen it190in Pennsylvania, where an arsonist targeted the home of a191sitting Governor, Governor Shapiro, during a Passover192celebration and intended to kill him.193    We have seen it on our college campuses, where Jewish194students report harassment, exclusion, fear of their personal195safety, and are even afraid--and this bothered me so much--to196wear anything that indicates they are Jewish. I will never197forget we had testimony from somebody that was sitting where198you all are sitting, a beautiful young lady, articulate and199smart. She was a college student from a big university. She200said it was a sad day when her mother came to her and said I201think you should probably take off your Jewish star.202    She didn't. She was brave. The fact that we even have to203think that way--according to the Anti-Defamation League, more204than 500 protests sympathetic to Hamas has occurred on U.S.205campuses after October 7th. At many of these events, chants206calling for ``intifada'' and ``from the river to the sea'' were207not some fringe comments; they were a message to their fellow208Jewish humans.209    Antisemitism at its core is incompatible with American210values. It is un-American. When expressions cross the line into211threats, intimidation, or glorification of violence, that is212not protest. That is not the American tradition. It is213something far more dangerous.214    We have seen this from foreign nationals abusing our visa215system to enter this country when engaging in and promoting216hateful extremist activity. We have seen universities refuse to217take firm action when antisemitic behavior occurs at their218campuses. We have seen public institutions respond with219statements that fall too short of the clarity that this moment,220this inflection point in our history, demands.221    Let me be clear. Let me be crystal clear. Antisemitism is222not just a threat to one group. It is a warning sign. It is a223warning sign of a greater societal breakdown. The persecution224of the Jewish people is not a new phenomenon. It is one of the225oldest forms of hate known to civilization. It began over 3,000226years ago when the Israelites were enslaved in Egypt, their227identity suppressed, and their freedom denied. That is when228Moses led them to liberation.229    We saw it again during the siege of Jerusalem when Roman230legions destroyed the Second Temple and violently uprooted231Jewish life in its holiest city. We saw it in Spain during the232Inquisition in 1492, when Jews were forced to convert, flee, or233face execution for practicing their faith. We saw it in the234pogroms in Eastern Europe, particularly between the 1880s and235the 1920s, where Jewish communities were massacred, homes236burned, and families driven into exile by State-tolerated mobs,237to the atrocities of the Holocaust where six million--six238million--Jews were murdered by the Nazi regime.239    We have some professors and some universities that deny240that any of this or that all of it ever existed. History has241taught us time and again that when antisemitism festers,242violence is not far behind. The United States was founded--we243are a different country. We were founded in a different way, in244large part as a refuge from that kind of religious persecution.245Our founding fathers enshrined freedom as a core--as part of246our religion, as a core tenant of the American experiment.247    This is everything that America doesn't stand for. At that248time, it was unique yet deliberate to move to do so. America249stands apart from so many other Nations because it is committed250from the beginning to the idea that people of all faiths should251be able to live without fear or coercion or violence. We have a252responsibility, not just as elected officials, but as253Americans, to address this with the seriousness that it254deserves, with the same vigor we use to protect our other255rights and freedoms, like free speech.256    This Committee should speak out with one unified voice.257That type of hatred has no place in our communities--and that258Jewish Americans, like all Americans, have the right to live,259learn, worship, and participate fully in society without fear260because hatred rarely stops with its first target. When we stay261silent while others are attacked, the hate doesn't disappear.262It grows. It festers. It becomes bolder. Eventually, it will263turn to each and every one of us. If we wait until it is our264turn to care, it will already be too late.265    The American experiment is unique. It is why I truly266believe that we are a different God and that with all our fault267as a country, we are still the best Nation on the face of the268earth. A part of that American experiment makes this so269unacceptable. This is something we thought happens in other270countries; it happens in Europe; and it happens in Asia.271America is different. We are founded in a different way. We are272better than that. I don't mean that we are superior to anybody,273but I mean that in our ideology as a Nation, we are better than274that. We don't expect that here, and we shouldn't expect it275here, and we shouldn't tolerate it here.276    It is time to move on, and I thank you again all for being277here. I see that--you are not going next. I am sorry. OK. We--278yes. I never know how you all are--including my side, by the279way. That is a bipartisan thing. I never know how everybody is280going to go.281    I am going to recognize the Ranking Member of the entire282Committee, Mr. Raskin from Maryland.283    Mr. Raskin. Well, thank you, Chair Van Drew, for your284leadership.285    Thanks to all the witnesses for joining us today.286    Antisemitism is the world's oldest hatred, a form of racism287that has mutated in evermore dangerous ways over the centuries,288from religious persecution based on allegations of deicide to289medieval blood libels, to Russian pogroms, to Nazi eugenics,290and the Holocaust to contemporary anti-Zionist antisemitism,291holding all Jews everywhere accountable for the actions and292policies of the Israeli Government and imputing monolithic293ethnic thinking, collective guilt, and guilt by association.294    Antisemitism is a perennial threat, not only to millions of295Jews all over the world but to reason, tolerance, and prospects296for human progress. Antisemitism is a dark career in America.297We have seen plenty of outbreaks of antisemitic violence and298hatred: The framing and lynching of Leo Frank in 1913, which299some antisemites are defending to this very day; the official300refusal to accept ships filled with Jewish refugees fleeing301Nazi persecution; neo-Nazis at the Unite the Right rally in302Charlottesville in 2017 chanting, ``Jews will not replace us'';303the mass murder of 11 Jews worshiping at the Tree of Life304synagogue in Pittsburgh by extremist Robert Bowers, who305promoted the Great Replacement theory; the antisemitic arson306attempt against Pennsylvania Governor Josh Shapiro and his307family on the first night of Passover; the murder of two308Israeli Embassy staffers outside of the Capital Jewish Museum309here in Washington; and a fire-bombing attack in Boulder at a310gathering calling for the return of Hamas-held Israeli311hostages.312    Since Hamas' vicious terror attack on Israel on October 7,3132023, which killed more than 1,200 people, and the subsequent314bloody war in Gaza in which more than 57,000 Palestinians and315Israelis have been killed, the number of antisemitic incidents316around the world has exploded. This resurge in antisemitism has317drawn bipartisan condemnation in Congress, such as in Mr. Van318Drew's resolution we were all proud to support.319    Now is the time to act against antisemitism, not just320denounce it. I confess little faith in this administration's321willingness to actually do that, and I am not alone. Nearly322two-thirds of all Jewish voters disapprove of the job Donald323Trump is doing to fight antisemitism. It is not surprising for324several reasons, the first being that Trump has populated his325administration with antisemites and fans of neo-Nazis. He has326nominated people like Ed Martin and Paul Ingrassia to top-level327positions despite their documented support for and close328relationships with neo-Nazis and antisemites.329    Ed Martin, Trump's once nominee for the U.S. Attorney for330the District of Columbia, has enthusiastically embraced Timothy331Hale-Cusanelli, a neo-Nazi who paints a Hitler mustache on332himself and tells coworkers that Hitler should have finished333the job. Martin, who is Trump's acting U.S. Attorney, called334Hale-Cusanelli an amazing guy and a great friend. Though Martin335tried to cover up and minimize their friendship, Trump was336eventually forced to withdraw the nomination and named Martin,337instead, the U.S. Pardon Attorney, which does not require U.S.338Senate confirmation.339    Others in his administration have shared antisemitic posts340on social media. Antisemitism Task Force head Leo Terrell341shared a post by prominent neo-Nazi Patrick Casey saying that342Trump, quote, ``can revoke someone's Jew card.'' Who can forget343Elon Musk's shocking fascist salutes? Pentagon Press Secretary344Kingsley Wilson posted on X that the Great Replacement isn't a345Right-wing conspiracy theory; it is reality.346    Trump himself has a disturbing history of antisemitic347actions. He invited over to his house for dinner at Mar-a-Lago348Nick Fuentes, a vicious neo-Nazi and Holocaust denier, and349self-proclaimed Hitler lover Ye. He saw very fine people on350both sides of the antisemitic riot in Charlottesville. He has351claimed that prominent Jews in our government were bad Jews,352calling Senator Schumer not Jewish anymore, and repeatedly353referred to him as a Palestinian, including just this morning,354and said that any Jewish person who doesn't vote for Trump355should have their heads examined.356    When Trump claims he is actively combating antisemitism, we357know there is a lot more to the picture than meets the eye. He358has thoroughly destroyed the infrastructure within our359government to detect, prevent, and prosecute domestic360extremism, hate crimes, and antisemitic attacks. In just a few361months, the Department of Justice, the FBI, and the Department362of Homeland Security have fired experienced domestic terrorism363experts and deleted key offices which monitor and act to364prevent terrorist attacks and racial hate crimes.365    On the day after Trump took office, the DOJ demoted senior366career attorneys in the National Security Division and Criminal367Division, reassigning them to the new Sanctuary Cities Task368Force. Nearly all left the Department of Justice instead,369draining the government of decades of counterterrorism370experience.371    The DOJ slashed its Civil Rights Division that is charged372with prosecuting hate crimes. It has illegally gutted the373Community Relations Service, which has been a crucial tool for374countering hate crimes by working directly with communities375across the country. The FBI has cut staffing in its Domestic376Terrorism Unit and has stopped using a nationwide database to377track domestic terror and hate crimes. The Department of378Education cut in half the Office for Civil Rights, the agency379tasked with addressing discrimination and hostile learning380environments, including antisemitic events on campus.381    The Trump Administration froze or canceled community382safety, violence intervention, and terror prevention programs383across America. It is ending a terrorism prevention program384focused on lone wolf attacks, attacks like the ones we just saw385in Boulder and outside of the Capital Jewish Museum here in386D.C., because the programs, quote, ``do not align with the387administration's priorities.''388    The DHS has also cut grants to programs supported by the389Center for Prevention, Programs, and Partnerships, or CP3.390Since 2020, CP3 has helped prevent more than 1,000 violent391plots in what national security experts have called pioneering392work with an enormous public policy payoff. Ignoring this track393record, the Trump Administration gutted CP3, fired 75 percent394of its staff, and froze tens of millions of dollars for395violence prevention. He even appointed a 22-year-old with no396national security experience to run what is left of CP3. It is397shocking that a guy who graduated from college last year would398be tasked with leading the fight against extremist political399violence in America, although in fairness, he did do Model400United Nations in the fall semester of his senior year.401    Other DHS-supported programs, including the not-for-profit402Security Grant Program, which helps Jewish institutions install403security cameras, train staff, and add protective barriers, has404also been left without adequate funding.405    The decimation of counterterrorism and hate crime406capabilities is reckless in today's heightened-threat407landscape. Even as the DHS demands over half a billion dollars408more for immigration enforcement and border security, it is409neglecting its basic responsibilities to monitor and prevent410hate crimes and domestic terrorism. This negligence has been411accompanied by a spike in shocking antise-412mitic attacks across America.413    Beyond countenancing antisemitism in its own ranks and414dismantling the infrastructure that opposes it, the415administration has also repeatedly invoked fighting416antisemitism as a vague and arbitrary, all-purpose excuse for417eroding constitutional rights and imposing authoritarian418control. Seizing control of college student admissions, faculty419hiring, and curricular content at colleges and universities has420nothing to do with protecting Jewish students. Conducting421ideological purges in the name of the Jewish community just422exposes Jews to recrimination and revenge.423    When the government uses fighting antisemitism as the424pretext for snatching graduate students off the streets and425jailing them for exercise of their free speech rights, this426ploy practically invites people to blame Jews for the erosion427of civic freedom and constitutional liberty in America. When428government deploys antisemitism as the rationale for canceling429hundreds of millions of dollars of Federal research grants for430treating cancer, curing cystic fibrosis, and conquering other431diseases, that does not make Jews safer from antisemitism.432Rather, it makes Jews the scapegoat again, the reason why the433public is losing progress in science and medical care.434    If the administration truly wants to fight antisemitism, it435should begin by firing the antisemites it has hired. It can436then restore and rebuild the antiterror and antihate crime437infrastructure that it has demolished. Then, it can call off438the sinister effort to dress authori-tarianism in the language439of opposing antisemitism.440    The late Jewish leader Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks said,441442        Antisemitism is about the inability of a group to make space443        for difference. And because we are all different, the hate that444        begins with Jews never ends with Jews. Antisemitism is the445        world's most reliable early warning sign of a major threat to446        all freedom, humanity, and the dignity of difference. It447        matters to all of us, which is why we must fight it together.448449I hope we can do that. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I yield back.450    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you. I now recognize the Chair of the451Full Committee, Congressman Jordan.452    Chair Jordan. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I really appreciate the453long history that you laid about this disgusting behavior and--454as well as the Ranking Member.455    We need to look no further than the past three months. On456April 13th, Governor Shapiro's home was arsoned--fire at his457home. On May 21st, Israeli Embassy workers were killed right458here in D.C. On June 1st, out in Boulder, Colorado, a terrorist459attack on Jewish individuals. Of course, just last week, one of460our colleagues, Max Miller, faced it himself.461    This is as real and present as it gets. I appreciate the462Chair and our witnesses for being here to talk about how we--to463do everything--talking about it and doing everything we can.464There are resolutions I think we should pass on the floor--465anything and everything we can do to stop this disgusting--466excuse me, wrong behavior.467    So, again, thank you, Mr. Chair, for doing this. Thank you468to our witnesses for being here. I yield back.469    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you. Without objection, all other470opening statements will be included in the record. Oh, I am471sorry. I now recognize the Ranking Member of the Oversight472Subcommittee, Jasmine Crockett. I apologize.473    Ms. Crockett. No worries. I will absolutely give you some474of your time back so that we can move on to these amazing475witnesses.476    I want to thank each and every one of the Members that have477opened and given a recitation of the hate that is taking place.478    I want to go a little bit further, though, since I can skip479over some of my remarks about Nick Fuentes and about Elon and480others. I want to be clear that one of the things that is so481hurtful to me that we have consistently discussed as I've been482out on the road is the fact that there is a consistent rise in483hate in general in this country. If we continue to allow people484to divide us, then our country will continue to fall down this485terrible rabbit hole that we have fallen down.486    The reality is that united we stand and divided we fall.487What we have got going on now is that people are saying if you488like this type of person, then you have got to hate this kind489of person, and that kind of stuff. Frankly, I think that we490need to have more hearings on hate overall. We need to address491racial hate, homophobic hate, and yes, even political hate.492Unfortunately, we are seeing a rise in all of it.493    This hate is being directed at our neighbors, our494community, and even Members of Congress. The violence and death495threats that people are experiencing, including some of my496colleagues here today, because of their faith or their presumed497faith or simply because of their political affiliation, is498unconscionable and needs to stop.499    You are not allowed to be different--or you are allowed to500be different. You are allowed to have your own faith. You are501allowed to disagree. What we won't allow is using these502differences to justify threats and violence against people503different than you.504    Everyone, including Congress and the President, needs to do505all that we can to reject hate and violence in all forms. To do506that, my colleagues need to be honest about what has allowed507this behavior to flourish. That means confronting the fact that508Donald Trump has played a significant role in emboldening this509behavior by repeatedly legitimizing extremists who have510continued to spread and promote antisemitism and religious511hate.512    Growing up, we were told we need to lead by example; lead513others in a way that you see the world or how you think it514should be. For me, I lead by example by acknowledging what is515right and what is wrong, by standing up for marginalized516communities, by calling out and combating hate, and finding the517humanity in everyone and everything. How does the man currently518occupying the Oval Office choose to lead by example within the519context of antisemitism?520    It is Trump who, again, invited Nick Fuentes, is holding a521press conference to say that there, quote, ``were some very522fine people on both sides,'' after Charlottesville, and we know523that the reason we have to talk about Charlottesville is524because there were White supremacists who flocked to that city525and held torches and Nazi flags, chanting, ``You will not526replace us.''527    It is Trump refusing to condemn the January 6th528insurrectionists who carried Nazi flags into these very halls529of Congress, and then, after all of that, deciding to pardon530them. It is Trump who recruited Elon Musk, and we know that he531not only did the Nazi salute on the inaugural stage, but he532also told Germany two days before Holocaust Remembrance Day533that, quote, ``There is too much focus on past guilt.''534    It is allowing Musk and others to continue to enable535religious hate groups to post hate and threats online. It is536redirecting attorneys at the Department of Justice's Office of537Civil Rights, the primary office for enforcing discrimination538laws, including religious discrimination, away from their work539and placing them to work on immigration cases.540    It is Trump redirecting attorneys on the Department of541Justice's Office of Civil Rights who are supposed to work on542things such as religious hate. It is Trump having his543Department of State ban the term racially or ethnically544motivated violent extremism from classification and the Style545Guide at the State Department.546    That is how Trump is supposedly leading by example here and547now. You would think that an administration wanting to take548this seriously would place highly qualified individuals in549agency roles tasked with combating religious terrorist hate,550threats, and violence. Yet, Trump hasn't even cleared that low551hurdle because we know that we ended up with Thomas.552    The guy that Trump currently has in charge of Department of553Homeland Security's Center for Prevention Programs and554Partnerships, the division tasked with working with State and555local governments and other stakeholders to prevent terrorism,556including religious terrorism, is just 23 years old with no557experience in government, antiterrorism, or really anything558else.559    The person who Thomas took over for had over two decades of560national security experience. Now, under Trump, we have an561immature, incompetent, infantile person who has barely even562lived for two decades, in charge of this important work. It is563ridiculous, it is shameful, and it is dangerous.564    Allowing religious hate to thrive in one corner allows it565to spread everywhere across all corners, all denominations, and566all faiths. As the Members of Congress, we cannot allow another567synagogue or, for that matter, another church, mosque, or home568risk being attacked or shot up by Nazis or extremists simply569because elected officials don't have the courage and leadership570to condemn them before they act.571    Trump's disgusting refusal to cut ties from Nazi supporters572and sympathizers have given violent extremists both a573figurative and literal get-out-of-jail-free card. It is574signaling that these hateful beliefs and actions will be575tolerated, so long as they pledge their loyalty to Trump.576    We owe it to every American to condemn this behavior and577fight back by confronting this intolerance with courage and578leading from our hearts.579    I yield back.580    Mr. Van Drew. OK. Without objection, Mr. Goldman will be581permitted to participate in today's hearing for the purpose of582questioning witnesses if a Member yields him time for that583purpose.584    Without objection, all other opening statements will be585included in the record.586    We will now introduce today's witnesses.587    Ms. Debra Cooper--Ms. Cooper is the Chief of Digital588Activism at the End Jew Hatred, a grassroots organization that589focuses on combating discrimination and oppression targeting590Jews. She is also Director of Strategy of the Jewish Advocacy591Research and Writer group. Her work focuses on the development592and the implementation of advocacy efforts to protect the right593of Jews and Israelis in the United States and abroad.594    Welcome. Good to see you again.595    Mr. Kenneth L. Marcus--Mr. Marcus is the Founder, Chair,596and CEO of the Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under597Law, a nonprofit organization that works to advance the civil598and human rights of Jewish people. He also serves as a lecturer599at the George Washington University Law School and previously600served as the Assistant Secretary of Education for Civil601Rights.602    Mr. Dan Schneider--Mr. Schneider is the Vice President for603Free Speech at the Media Research Center, a media watchdog604organization. He previously served in the White House,605Department of Labor, Department of Health and Human Services,606and as a House and Senate staffer.607    I want to pronounce your name right. Mr. Matt Nosanchuk--608got it. Good. Mr. Nosanchuk is the former Deputy Assistant609Secretary for Operations and Outreach in the Office of Civil610Rights at the Department of Education. He previously co-founded611and led the New York Jewish Agenda, a nonprofit organization612focused on education and advocacy for the Jewish community in613New York.614    We are going to begin by swearing you all in. Would you all615please rise? Raise your right hand. Do you swear or affirm616under penalty of perjury that the testimony you are about to617give is true and correct to the best of your knowledge,618information, and belief, so help you God?619    Thank you. Be seated.620    Let the record reflect that the witnesses have answered in621the affirmative.622    Please know that your written testimony will be entered623into the record in its entirety. Accordingly, we ask that you624summarize your testimony in five minutes.625    Ms. Cooper, you may begin.626627                   STATEMENT OF DEBRA COOPER628629    Ms. Cooper. Good afternoon. My primary focus on strategy,630research, and writing is really on education as it relates to631groups with links to terrorism. I also work directly with632students, teachers, and other victims of antisemitism, as well633as with affected community members.634    America is in crisis, experiencing levels of Jew hatred not635seen since the Holocaust, as well as other religious hate and636extreme anti-America, anti-Israel, and generally hate of the637West. This has morphed into what has become normalized,638dangerous, open support, praise for violence and terrorism, and639the outright rejection of our laws, tolerance, decency, and640democratic values.641    October 7th offered plausible deniability for the explosion642of open Jew hatred in America. It has been brewing for decades643but now has escalated to a dangerous, unprecedented level due644to the prior administration's failure to take meaningful645action, despite the clear threats and signs of imminent646escalation and danger.647    Hamas offshoots CAIR, AMP, PYM, and NSJP, that is the648Council for American-Islamic Relations, American Muslims for649Palestine, Palestinian Youth Movement, and the National650Students for Justice in Palestine, and other dangerous groups651have been allowed to operate freely in our country with652demonstrations spearheaded by them promoting hatred, terrorism,653violence, and death to Jews in America without any654consequences.655    CAIR has been infiltrating our educational institutions for656at least 20 years, poisoning the minds of our young people, our657most vulnerable population, with false narratives demonizing658Jews, Israelis, and the State of Israel, narratives no honest659educator actually believes.660    Insidious Jew-hating teachers, professors, and educational661unions have taken over our schools, silencing Jewish voices662through intimidation, harassment, and covert means and663manipulation. Without challenge or investigation by our664government, our educational institutions allowed antisemitism665in violation of Title VI to flourish under the pretext of666academic freedom.667    The university administrators used the guise of668intellectual inquiry and the balancing of interests to allow669Jew hatred to pose as legitimate academic discourse. The laws670and policies were only an abstract thought.671    Our government, those ultimately responsible for the safety672and security of our Nation, including protecting our civil673rights, did absolutely nothing in response to these school674administrators' repeated failures to enforce the laws and675school policies, even as events escalated.676    We have created a culture of Jew hatred, the normalization677of Jew baiting, the constant, hateful rhetoric directed at the678Jewish people, where they become demonized and dehumanized.679This is precisely what the Nazis did during the Holocaust to680foster a climate of indifference against the Jews that681permitted the murder of six million Jews.682    Now, unsurprisingly, 20 months later and probably even683longer, emboldened by inaction and a lack of meaningful684consequences, America and Americans of all backgrounds are685being terrorized by our young people, who reject and hate686everything we value in America.687    What has become clear from these demonstrations is that688pro-Palestinian advocacy uses code words such as anti-Israel,689workers' rights, freedom of expression, and anti-America690rhetoric, all of which are nothing more than a pretext for Jew691hatred and the destruction of Western civilization.692    What has also become clear is that the Free Palestine693movement is not a grassroots or spontaneous or even spontaneous694movement, or even a response to the Hamas-Israel war. Instead,695the movement is well-organized, complete with toolkits and696professional signage, statements and press releases, even697identical encampment tents, clearly with outside funding.698    The prior administration allowed brazen, dangerous hatred699to flourish in the country unabated. Each failure at every700level, our young people were emboldened to escalate further.701Now we are seeing the dangerous real-time consequences, both in702our colleges and on our streets.703    The recent Los Angeles protests, the murders of a young704couple outside the Jewish museum in Washington, DC, and the705Denver, Colorado, attack with a makeshift Molotov cocktail,706which set several Americans on fire, are just the start of this707escalating trend.708    We are now, for the first time, seeing progress. We ask you709to use your authority to identify and investigate these710individuals and organizations who are clearly working together711to conspire to deprive Jewish Americans of their civil rights712and to destroy America and Western civilization.713    Thank you.714    [The prepared statement of Ms. Cooper follows:]715716 GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT717718    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you, Ms. Cooper. Mr. Marcus, you may719begin.720721                 STATEMENT OF KENNETH L. MARCUS722723    Mr. Marcus. Chair Van Drew, Ranking Member Crockett, and724the distinguished Members of this Committee, my name is Kenneth725L. Marcus. I am Chair and CEO of the Louis D. Brandeis Center726for Human Rights Under Law.727    Thank you for this invitation, and more than that, thank728you for the strong words of the Chair, the Ranking Members, and729the Members of this Committee condemning antisemitism. As730Americans, it is good to hear unity, it is good to hear that731the voices against antisemitism and hate are strong.732    We as Americans are reeling. We are reeling from a drumbeat733of lethal antisemitism, violence that has surged from campus734encampments into the streets, fueled by the extremist rhetoric735and fostered by institutional complacency. The same736confrontation between terror and democracy that has sparked way737between Israel and Iran now plays out in the United States,738where anti-Israel activists have called for the eradication of739Western civilization.740    Since October 7, 2023, much violence has focused on Jewish741targets, but we know, as Members have emphasized already today,742that what begins with the Jews does not end with the Jews. We743see that what developed on our campuses does not remain on our744campuses. This lethal unrest is a threat to all Americans, and745it must be stopped.746    The roots of this crisis are both global and domestic.747Israel's recent war with both Iran and also ongoing with Hamas748have emboldened anti-Jewish sentiment worldwide. At home, that749sentiment has taken on a violent and organized character.750    What we are witnessing on American campuses is not a751collection of spontaneous protests, but part of a broader,752well-resourced campaign coordinated by student activists,753external organizations, and aligned faculty networks.754    As described in a Brandeis Center complaint, the violent755takeover of Hamilton Hall at Columbia University, for example,756was premeditated and planned in concert with outside pro-Hamas757groups, which held strategy meetings just hours before the758takeover attended by over 100 individuals and featuring759breakout sessions on resistance.760    Similarly, at UCLA, one encampment organized by Students761for Justice in Palestine created a de facto exclusion zone762where Jewish students were physically prevented from entering763parts of campus. Participants used coordinated messaging,764occupation tactics, and physical intimidation to advance a765hostile agenda.766    Last year, then-Director of National Intelligence Avril767Haines confirmed that Iranian Government actors have sought to768opportunistically take advantage of ongoing protests regarding769the war in Gaza, noting that individuals tied to Iran have770posed as activists online, encouraged demonstrations, and even771provided financial support to protests.772    The members that were originally created to combat773discrimination, like diversity, equity, and inclusion774initiatives, have in some cases been coopted to excuse or775normalize antisemitism.776    It is not just that antisemitism or Jewish identity are777excluded from DEI initiatives, but rather that some of this778programming reduces everyone to either oppressor or oppressed,779sometimes castigating Jews, as if Jews were White supremacists,780with Jews being told to own our privilege, including Jews who781might be descendants of Holocaust survivors. This can lead to782age-old stereotypes of Jewish power and privilege.783    Let me be clear: Nothing in my testimony is intended to784restrict exercise of free speech criticizing any government,785including Israel's, as protected under the First Amendment. The786harmful and often violent ideology plaguing our universities is787no longer confined to the campus. We are seeing it in K-12788classrooms, health-care facilities, workplaces, unions, other789taxpayer-funded programs.790    In education, both K-12 schools and universities have791become breeding grounds for anti-Israel and antisemitic792indoctrination. Under the banner of decolonization or liberated793ethnic studies, some curricula portray Jews as colonial794oppressors, erasing indigenous connection to the land of795Israel, and reframing Jewish identity as inherently oppressive.796    For example, in Santa Ana, California, the Brandeis Center797filed suit after the school district approved ethnic studies798curricula that erased Jewish identity, promoted antisemitic799narratives, and excluded Jewish voices from the curriculum800process. Steering committee members openly referred to the sole801Jewish participant as a colonized Jewish mind and discussed802scheduling meetings on Jewish holidays to reduce Jewish803participation.804    In healthcare, antisemitism is increasingly surfacing under805the guise of decolonizing therapy and similar movements. Under806decolonizing therapy, this approach to mental health casts807Zionism as a mental illness and frames Jewish identity as a808symptom of colonial privilege, marginalizing Jewish patients809and professionals alike.810    In one case, a Jewish patient was denied a prenatal811appointment after the provider described Israel as a colonial812oppressor. Another patient reported that her therapist equated813Jewish identity with White supremacy.814    In view of all of this, I am grateful both for the whole-815of-government approach of the Trump Administration and the816whole-of-the-Congress approach of this Congress and urge both817additional legislation, both to implement the Trump Executive818Order on combating antisemitism and also additional measures to819ensure continued strong enforcement by the Executive Branch.820    I thank you.821    [The prepared statement of Mr. Marcus follows:]822    GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT823824    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you, Mr. Marcus. Mr. Schneider, you may825begin.826827                   STATEMENT OF DAN SCHNEIDER828829    Mr. Schneider. Thank you. Ranking Member Crockett.830    Sadly, this hearing is very timely. We all know the data;831we have stories before us. The question is why. Why is there832this massive spike in antisemitism?833    It is not because of a handful of neo-Nazis in their834mothers' basements. We have always had people who hate, who835hold hate in their hearts and in their minds. Sadly, we always836will. What is the difference and why this spike?837    I believe it is because there are a handful or a few of838these massive, mega corporations that now create, curate, and839distribute information to an unprecedented degree. These840corporations are intent on amplifying narratives that harm841Jews. Let me be very clear, just as the Chair and the Ranking842Member have been very clear. When Jews are attacked, our entire843society is hurt.844    What are these organizations? Well, they are politicized845legacy media outlets, starting with the Associated Press. It is846agenda-driven publishers, especially Wikipedia. It is Big Tech847platforms, including search engines like Google and AI systems.848I will point out in particular Microsoft's Copilot.849    First, let me address legacy media and the AP. When AP and850its Stylebook create double standards and use those standards851to target Jews and to target Israel, it creates license for852others not only within its own, on its own payroll, but for853other media outlets to attack Jews either through attacking854Israel and condemning Jews broadly because of attacks against855Israel, or when they fail to identify the reason that there are856attacks on American Jews.857    Covering stories that ignore why somebody was harmed, why858there were massive mobs of people going after Jews after a859soccer game. Why a terrorist with a homemade flamethrower was860going after protesters in Boulder. When the media fails to861cover these stories, it gives license for more people and for862hate to grow.863    Let me turn to the Associated Press in particular. It has a864long history. The Nazis allowed the AP to stay in its country865in the 1930s because the AP was willing to comply with the Nazi866rules, firing all the Jews on staff and only publishing stories867and images that the Nazis approved.868    The AP Stylebook has very poor definitions of genocide, of869antisemitism, and of the Holocaust itself. That is why when870there are stories written by the AP and by other media outlets871it glosses over the harm that is really being caused.872    It gives license for people to throw around the term873genocide in inappropriate ways that smear both Jews in America874and the Israeli Government when the Israeli Government is875simply trying to defend itself against terrorism.876    Let me point out other media outlets and what they have877done. A Washington Post journalist recently posted that it is a878beautiful thing, 600 Israeli dead. An NPR journalist called879Jewish people pigs and pointed--and posted, ``Let it be a curse880upon the Jews and their supporters.''881    The PBS's Jeffrey Brown called American Jewish students the882face of oppression. A CBS journalist asked the question, ``Are883the Jews human?'' CNN's Jessica Dean said that ``the Boulder884terrorist attack was not necessarily a terrorist attack.'' I am885not sure what she thought it would have been.886    For those who are really concerned about genocide and try887to flippantly throw that term to blame Israel for defending888itself, why are they not asking about what happened in Rwanda?889Why are they not asking about what is going on in the Congo?890Why are they not asking about what is happening to the Uyghurs891in China, where true genocide is taking place?892    I also want to turn to Wikipedia. Wikipedia has a long893history now. Sadly, it was founded as an online encyclopedia to894democratize information. It has instead been hijacked by895radicals to promote a radical agenda.896    Wikipedia has treated Jews, Judaism, and Israel in897abominable ways. It also has a series of blacklists to prevent898media outlets on the Right and including pro-Israel and pre-899Jewish outlets on the Left. If one wonders what it takes for900the ADL and other Left-wing organizations to be banned by901Wikipedia, here is the answer: Be Jewish.902    Mr. Chair, I have additional information in my written903testimony, but I am happy to answer questions.904    [The prepared statement of Mr. Schneider follows:]905    GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT906907    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you for your statement, and that908opportunity will definitely come to you. Mr. Nosanchuk, you may909begin.910911                STATEMENT OF MATHEW S. NOSANCHUK912913    Mr. Nosanchuk. Thank you. Good afternoon, my name is Matt914Nosanchuk. I am a former Senior Government Official and Jewish915community nonprofit leader. Galvanizing action and developing916policy to counter antisemitism has been the central focus of my917work.918    I want to thank you, Chair Van Drew, Ranking Member919Crockett, and Ranking Member for the Full Committee Raskin, for920inviting me to testify before the Committee today.921    Last month, I attended the opening of a new exhibit at the922Capital Jewish Museum, where six days later Yaron Lischinsky923and Sarah Milgram were fatally gunned down in an act of924coldblooded antisemitic violence. Because the museum is just925blocks away from my home, I heard the sirens.926    The proximity made one thing devastatingly clear: The927victim could have been me. That is how hate violence works. It928makes every member of the targeted group feel afraid and929vulnerable.930    Add to this horror the arson at the Pennsylvania Governor's931residence and the firebombing of a demonstration in Boulder. By932every measure, antisemitism is still increasing and getting933more brazen and violent. According to FBI statistics,934antisemitic hate crimes more than doubled between 2021-2023.935    Jews are targeted at a rate of 291 per one million people,936a much higher rate per capita than any other group. The latest937shootings confirm that antisemitism is dangerous no matter938where it is tolerated and fueled. From the Right it is well-939established that the increase in domestic terror results940principally from the actions of White supremacists.941    In addition, we see normalization of conspiracy theories942and the appointment of antisemites into positions of political943power. From the Left, criticism of Israel's policies has at944times crossed into antisemitic rhetoric and violence, as we saw945in recent months.946    Also, when Jews are asked to renounce or check their947relationship with Israel at the door to participate in948coalitions, civil society is not just failing Jewish community949members, they are falling short of progressive ideals of950pluralism and respect for difference.951    I described in my written statement my role in OCR at the952Department of Education supporting the unprecedented number of953antisemitism investigations after October 7th. However, by the954time a government investigation is warranted, we have missed955opportunities for earlier intervention.956    America is failing Jews when antisemitic hate is normalized957in the public square and tolerated or endorsed by the most958prominent national officials. When Nazi symbols and ideas are959publicly invoked. When Holocaust education and remembrance are960eliminated in our Federal agencies.961    When leaders invoke countering antisemitism to demonize962other ethnic groups and use Jewish vulnerability to trample on963the freedoms and due process rights of any group. When we allow964charges of antisemitism to be used as a political wedge issue965to sow divisions between Jews and other communities. When we966fail to recognize that rising antisemitism is part of a broader967rise in hate that can only be eradicated if we find common968cause with other communities.969    My message is this: Leaders who respond to rising970antisemitism by imposing draconian policies that trample on due971process of others, advance anti-immigrant policies, and strip972billions in funding from universities do not make Jews any973safer.974    They undermine democratic institutions and norms under975which Jews and other groups have thrived, and they actually976make antisemitism worse by justifying these measures in the977name of combating antisemitism, putting Jews in the position of978being scape-goated.979    By contrast, I commend Chair Van Drew and his co-sponsors980for passing House Resolution 481, which focused on condemning981violent antisemitism, not scoring partisan political points.982    We will succeed only if we recognize that antisemitism is983antisemitism wherever it originates on the ideological984spectrum, and focus not on fearmongering, but on effective985strategies that bring communities together to fight it.986    First, government leaders need to speak out and condemn987antisemitism from wherever it emanates. Second, continue988implementation of the national strategy to counter989antisemitism.990    For example, restore critical funding for hate crime991prevention grants that were terminated and funding for the992Justice Department's community relations service. Fully fund993OCR and restore the expertise that has been lost through the994mass layoffs and closure of regional offices.995    Expand Holocaust education and antisemitism awareness996programs. Work with social media companies to address997antisemitic conspiracy theories and incitement.998    Antisemitism is a clear and present danger to Jews and to999America's values, but we must fight it in a way that1000strengthens rather than weakens the democratic institutions1001that have been the foundation of Jewish safety and belonging in1002America.1003    Thank you for your attention to this critical issue. I look1004forward to your questions.1005    [The prepared statement of Mr. Nosanchuk follows:]1006    GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT10071008    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you, Mr. Nosanchuk.1009    We will now proceed under the five-minute rule with the1010questions you were eagerly anticipating. The Chair recognizes1011the gentleman from the great State of Alabama.1012    Mr. Moore. Thank you, Mr. Chair.1013    President Trump established a dedicated antisemitism task1014force within the Department of Justice and reinforced the1015Federal Bureau of Investigation's resources and directives to1016proactively identify, investigate, and neutralize threats1017against Jewish communities nationwide.1018    Additionally, the Department of Education Office for Civil1019Rights is investigating colleges and universities that allow1020antisemitism to occur on campuses without serious consequences.1021The President has restricted foreign student visas for Harvard1022University.1023    Mr. Marcus, what other actions has President Trump taken so1024far in this second term that have helped?1025    Mr. Marcus. Thank you, Congressman Moore. We have never1026seen such active, energetic, aggressive enforcement of laws1027against antisemitism as we have seen from this administration.1028In addition to the task force efforts that you have seen, I1029would say first, the Justice Department has engaged in a very1030serious way, which we haven't seen in the prior administration.1031    We have seen proactive investigations from OCR rather than1032waiting for complaints to come through the door. We have seen1033significant outreach now. We got that from the prior1034administration also, but we have seen significant outreach. We1035have seen a much more muscular approach using the whole-of-1036government, including agencies like GSA that had previously not1037been engaged whatsoever.1038    The novel, forceful approaches to deal with the1039extraordinary crisis that we are now seeing.1040    Mr. Moore. Ms. Cooper, how does an open border make America1041more susceptible to attacks from antisemitic proterror groups?1042Turn your mic on please, ma'am.1043    Ms. Cooper. Part of the problem is that we had an open1044border. We had probably 20 million or more come into our1045country. We don't know if they are terrorists, we don't know1046who they are.1047    We don't know if they are bringing drugs. They don't know1048if they are trafficking children or women. An open border is1049probably in large part why we are here today.1050    Mr. Moore. You think maybe a lot of the protesters may have1051come across an open border at some point in the past.1052    Ms. Cooper. I think so. I would have to say there is1053probably a good number of people who are here. There is also1054the problem actually started many years ago. The Jew hatred1055movement is not just something that has happened since October10567th.1057    It has been formulated, it has been created in our schools,1058in politics, and in our social society. It has been a plan, and1059I think October 7th was really just like the impetus that let1060the Jew hatred and the hatred of America explode. I don't think1061it is necessarily related to the influx of immigrants, although1062I am sure it is feeding into it for the purposes of the illegal1063activities.1064    This problem is much, much deeper than just some protests1065on campus. I am not minimizing anything. I am not minimizing1066what happened in D.C., or in Colorado. The problem is much1067deeper, and it is a little bit like under the surface.1068    Mr. Moore. This weekend I was at an event, and it was a1069group of ladies that leads America. There was a young girl, she1070was 13 years old, and she called me off to the side.1071    I could just tell in the education system that she thought1072the people in Gaza were the good people. I really had to walk1073her through that process. Having been to the Gaza Strip and1074been in those tunnels, when you see somebody that will spend a1075lifetime drilling in limestone rock six inches at a time to1076kill their neighbors, there is a great bit of hatred there.1077    I was trying to walk her, but all of a sudden I realized1078the education system in America is failing American students,1079certainly in these narratives that they get off the media.1080    Another question, Ms. Cooper, what are the digital warnings1081signs? If any were visible from some of the recent attacks, or1082do you all see those visible warning signs?1083    Ms. Cooper. Sure.1084    Mr. Moore. Is it on social media where these 13-year-olds1085are going in and seeing that stuff, is that what is going on?1086Or how-when you see a digital warning sign, what does that look1087like?1088    Ms. Cooper. OK, so I want to just address the first1089question that you said.1090    Mr. Moore. Sure.1091    Ms. Cooper. The 13-year-old isn't necessarily getting the1092information from social media. Our teachers in K through-not1093just universities. There is a really deep problem with K-12.1094    Even starting out in kindergarten, you are getting that1095false, essentially it is the Hamas narratives that the Jews,1096Israelis, Israel, basically we commit these crimes or that they1097portray a false narrative in which Jews, Israelis, the State of1098Israel are demonized, delegitimized. They are accused of crimes1099they do not commit.1100    This has been taught and is being taught right now in our1101schools. It is not even just limited to the classroom, it is1102extracurricular activities, it is the unions, both at the K-121103level and at the college level, are insidiously antisemitic. I1104can go into detail about that, but--1105    Mr. Moore. Thank you, Ms. Cooper, please don't, I am out of1106time.1107    Ms. Cooper. Yes, yes.1108    Mr. Moore. With that, Mr. Chair, I will yield back. Thank1109you, though.1110    Ms. Cooper. Thank you.1111    Mr. Van Drew. Thank the gentleman. I now recognize the1112gentleman from the great State of Georgia.1113    Mr. Johnson. Thank you, Mr. Chair.1114    Ladies and gentlemen, make no mistake about it, hate is on1115the rise in the United States of America. For the past recent1116years the Jewish community, the Jewish people have been at the1117bull's eye of hate.1118    I want to make a statement today. I stand on the side of my1119Jewish brothers and sisters against hate and antisemitism.1120    The Trump Administration and MAGA Republicans have a lot of1121empty talk about fighting antisemitism. The talk a big game1122while they strip funding from the agencies that fight domestic1123terrorism, pause vital security grants to synagogues and1124religious schools, and fill Trump's Administration with Right-1125wing extremists who cozy up to Nazi sympathizers.1126    The Trump Administration and MAGA Republicans use these1127empty words because their focus on antisemitism is not actually1128about the safety of Jews. Instead, they are cynically1129weaponizing antisemitism to justify anti-immigrant and anti-1130First Amendment actions that make Jews less safe.1131    Trump and MAGA Republicans' silencing of free speech and1132turn toward nativism is bad for Jews just as they are bad for1133all minority groups who depend on America's robust democracy1134for safety.1135    Now, I yield the balance of my time to my friend,1136Representative Goldman.1137    Mr. Goldman. I thank the gentleman from Georgia. It is a1138very important point that the gentleman raises.1139    Because, as a number of my colleagues on the Democratic1140side have raised today, the antisemitism that seems to be given1141permission from this Administration through its hiring of1142avowed antisemites, and through its defunding of a number of1143programs that would fight antisemitism, stands in stark1144contrast to a lot of the rhetoric that we hear.1145    Now, I am going to do as Mr. Nosanchuk suggested, which is,1146I will call out antisemitism wherever it exists. It certainly1147exists on the right.1148    Mr. Schneider, you are right, that has been there for a1149long time. We have seen it in circles, Unite the Right, and1150other neo-Nazi extremist groups.1151    There is no question that we are seeing a significant rise1152on the extreme left. I am a Democratic elected official who1153condemns extremism and antisemitism wherever it is on the1154extreme Right and the extreme Left, including phrases such as1155``Globalize the Intifada'' or ``from the river to the sea,'' or1156all sorts of other slogans that are well understood to be1157antisemitic by Jews.1158    As a Jew, I can tell you I am sick and tired of being told1159by others what is antisemitic and what is not. We all need to1160take a bipartisan view of this, a nonpartisan view of this, if1161we are going to tackle this problem.1162    I say that to my Democratic colleagues, and I say it to my1163Republican colleagues. The reason why you hear frustration on1164the Democratic side of the aisle here, is because we hear so1165much lip service from our Republican colleagues about1166antisemitism, about how terrible the protests are, the rallies,1167and what is going on in universities. I agree.1168    Then on the other hand, we see nonprofit security grants1169funded at $305 million, which is the same as Fiscal Year 2023,1170before October 7th, that protects Jewish synagogues.1171    We are seeing a rise in violent hate crimes now, where1172Jewish institutions need much more protection. We are not1173getting it.1174    We see antisemitism being used as a pretext to go after1175immigration policy or to go after universities. That has1176nothing to do with antisemitism.1177    I concur with Mr. Nosanchuk, and I have said this to the1178Chair himself, I was very pleased that he introduced a very1179straightforward resolution condemning antisemitism.1180    Unfortunately, on that same day, there was another1181resolution that tried to use antisemitism as a pretext with the1182Boulder, Colorado, shooting related to some immigration policy.1183    I look forward, I hope, to having a little bit more time to1184ask some questions. I really want to take this opportunity to1185urge all my colleagues, and all these witnesses here, to stop1186playing the blame game.1187    Let's focus on antisemitism. Let's put the funding where it1188needs to be so that we can actually attack the issue. I thank1189the Chair. I yield back.1190    Mr. Van Drew. The gentleman yields back to the gentleman1191from Georgia. The gentleman from Georgia yields back.1192    I will now recognize the gentleman from Missouri.1193    Mr. Onder. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Thanks to all the1194witnesses for being here today.1195    We are holding this hearing today in light of the recent1196antisemitic violence, including the arson at the home of1197Pennsylvania Governor Josh Shapiro, the brutal murder of1198Israeli embassy employees, and of course, the barbaric Boulder,1199Colorado, terrorist attack that injured 15 people, and even the1200road rage incident affecting one of our own Members.1201    Mr. Schneider, has the media accurately reported on the1202motives of the suspects in these recent attacks?1203    Mr. Schneider. Congressman, thank you for the question. One1204broadly speaking, what the media does is fail to report stories1205more often than not. When they do report stories, they fail to1206report the facts.1207    Mr. Onder. Or, they report stories that, at their1208narrative.1209    Mr. Schneider. They ignore so many stories and then focus1210on the things that they want to focus on, oftentimes for a1211political agenda.1212    Then, for example, as I previously indicated, when the1213terrorist in Boulder with a flamethrower attacked Jews who were1214simply asking for Hamas to return the hostages, so many media1215outlets failed to indicate this was a terrorist act. They1216didn't want--1217    Mr. Onder. Peaceful protestors, elderly protestors.1218    Mr. Schneider. That is right, sir. We see time and again1219our public broadcasters, NPR and PBS, time and time again, they1220will run stories oftentimes with antisemitic tropes over and1221over.1222    Ignoring root causes of the war. Ignoring root causes of1223antisemitism, instead of going after the other side, those1224responsible for these sorts of attacks.1225    Mr. Onder. Yes. If I recall that the media outlets1226initially downplayed the ideological motives of the attacker in1227Boulder, Colorado. Am I wrong there?1228    Mr. Schneider. This is a consistent pattern with so many in1229legacy media.1230    Mr. Onder. Are there any particular regions or cities1231where, we know campuses, college campuses, but where1232antisemitic violence has surged more than others?1233    Mr. Schneider. Congressman, I am not aware that there is1234any particular--1235    Mr. Onder. Pretty much everywhere.1236    Mr. Schneider. The cities are is worse than others. What we1237do see, if you look at a map like a heat blister map, you will1238see that these antisemitic protests or antisemitic empowered1239protests are all over.1240    You will see media outlets, large, small, public, private,1241all employing the same sorts of devices. That is why I really1242do focus on the Associated Press and the Stylebook that sets1243the definition and the tone for so many of these things.1244    Mr. Onder. We see that in so many areas.1245    Mr. Schneider. That is right.1246    Mr. Onder. Gender affirming care, give me a break.1247    Mr. Schneider. Right.1248    Mr. Onder. It is in the AP Stylebook. No, thank you. Ms.1249Cooper, what do you identify as the key failures of the Biden1250Administration, regarding the vetting and border enforcement1251that allowed Mohamed Sabry Soliman to execute a yearlong plot1252that ultimately culminated in the firebombing in the pro-Israel1253rally?1254    Ms. Cooper. I just want to expand on one comment about1255the--1256    Mr. Onder. Please do.1257    Ms. Cooper. The exacerbation of antisemitism. I don't, it1258is, I have seen, I know I read recently some report that says1259that the universities that have chapters of the Faculty for1260Justice in Palestine, have a far higher incident rate of1261antisemitism than universities that do not.1262    Faculty for Justice, the FJP, basically started the month1263after October 7th. They are essentially the teachers that are1264involved in the encampments, the protests, they work with the1265students.1266    Mr. Onder. So, yes, I hadn't heard. I heard of Students for1267Justice in Palestine. The Faculty for Justice in Palestine1268started shortly after October 7th?1269    Ms. Cooper. Yes. Correct.1270    Mr. Onder. OK.1271    Ms. Cooper. The National Students for Justice in Palestine,1272they have various chapters on the campuses that we always read1273about, which are the SJP, Students for Justice in Palestine.1274    Mr. Onder. Right.1275    Ms. Cooper. The FJP was started to support the Students for1276Justice in Palestine.1277    Mr. Onder. You mentioned the issue of unions in our1278educational institutions playing a role in the rise of1279antisemitism. I am assuming, I always like to name names, in K-128012 schools, are we are talking about American Federation of1281Teachers and NEA?1282    Ms. Cooper. Yes. Then, you are talking about the AAUP on1283college campuses, yes.1284    Mr. Onder. How about the unions? We don't necessarily1285always consider as being teachers' unions, SEIU and AFSCME?1286    Ms. Cooper. I am not sure about them. The major unions I1287know, for example, the NEA, which is like one of the largest1288unions, they were involved in some recent National Day of1289Protest. They created the toolkit for it.1290    Mr. Onder. Right.1291    Ms. Cooper. It was for in the name of Palestine, or the1292Free Palestine movement.1293    Mr. Onder. What does a union have to do with that?1294    Ms. Cooper. Right.1295    Mr. Onder. Thank you. I yield back.1296    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you, Dr. Onder. I do recognize the1297gentleman from Florida.1298    Mr. Moskowitz. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Thank you for your1299attention to this matter.1300    I have all sorts of notes on this. I am living it every day1301now. Every day. To be Jewish in this country now, is an out of1302body experience on what is going on.1303    My grandmother escaped the Holocaust. She was part of the1304Kindertransport out of Germany. Her parents were killed in1305Auschwitz.1306    She lost all sorts of other family in Poland. This is not1307comparable to that. The very beginnings of that are very1308comparable. Right?1309    Because you have got to dehumanize them first. Right? You1310have got to make them others. You have got to make them feel1311like they don't belong. Right?1312    You have got to make them feel, you have got to make other1313people feel. You have got to build coalitions. You have got to1314build a consensus that the Jews don't belong.1315    I want to be clear, this theory out there that, oh, you can1316be anti-Zionist, or you can be anti-Israel and not be1317antisemitic, I would say that theoretically you could. That is1318not what is happening. It is not what is happening.1319    You can absolutely criticize the government. Great,1320wonderful. We do it here. That is not what is happening.1321    It wasn't what was happening on university campuses. I went1322to Columbia, as did Mr. Goldman, during Passover to be with1323those students. That was not what was happening when they were1324holding up signs saying go back to Poland. It had nothing to do1325with Netanyahu.1326    People were silent. The Jewish families across the country1327knew the stuff that was going on across college campuses. OK,1328if that happened with any other minority group, it wouldn't1329have gotten past lunchtime on the first day.1330    I have police outside my house 24 hours a day. You think1331that is because of Netanyahu? Right, my kids have death threats1332against them.1333    I had an assassination attempt by a resident. A guy that1334was picked up, going to go to jail for a decade, right. Had an1335antisemitic manifesto. My name was the target, was Googling1336where my wife worked, was Googling wind resistance and1337distance, had a scope, had a vest, had hundreds of rounds of1338ammunition, and had a1339sniper.1340    I know what is going on in this country. I would tell you1341there is one thing that is uniting the Left and the Right, and1342that is Jews.1343    This is not just a problem on the Left. Go look at what is1344going on with social media on the woke Right. It isn't just1345some Nazis in a basement anymore. OK?1346    Marjorie Taylor Greene is holding up the Antisemitism1347Awareness Act, because she wants to be able to say that Jews1348killed Jesus. This is a problem in both of our houses.1349    Pretending it is not, is one of the reasons why we are not1350cleaning it up. Because we are just saying, oh, you over there1351or you over there.1352    This is not going well for Jews right now. It isn't getting1353better by the way. We have not yet peaked where this is going1354to go.1355    Yes, we can talk about the legacy media all day long, Mr.1356Schneider. That is not where we are losing the youth of this1357country.1358    We are losing them on TikTok, which is owned by a foreign1359country that the President now has extended beyond what the law1360has allowed. I don't want TikTok to go away, but I want it to1361get out of the hands of the Chinese. OK?1362    They are doing the Nazi playbook. They are dividing us.1363They are fomenting. They don't need to do it with B2 bombers.1364That is not what the Chinese plan is.1365    The Chinese plan is to get us to fighting among ourselves.1366The Chinese plan is to get us angry and divisive. The Chinese1367plan is to start with the easiest target possible, and that is1368us.1369    Until we stop doing this who did what to who stuff, OK? We1370are not going to solve this. Jews are losing their usual1371allies. Those allies that we have had for decades and decades1372and decades. Groups that Jews have stood up for, we are losing1373them by the moment, especially among young people.1374    I am called a foreign asset, right? That I am a foreign1375lobbyist. I mean, it is just endless. Go look, any post I put1376up, the hatred andthe vitriol that is going on.1377    I appreciate this hearing, Mr. Chair, but this hearing1378ain't going to fix shit. OK?1379    This is a virus that is spreading. Until we are serious1380about stopping what is going on online and the brainwashing of1381our kids, this is going to get worse, and more people are going1382to die in this country, and it is going to be us.1383    I yield back.1384    Mr. Van Drew. The gentleman yields back.1385    Mr. Johnson. If the gentleman would yield for just a quick1386second.1387    Mr. Moskowitz. If the Chair would allow me just an extra 151388seconds, Mr. Chair?1389    Mr. Van Drew. We will record everything or maybe there will1390be a chance further on down the road. In all fairness, if I1391give it to you, then I have to give it to all the Members--1392    Mr. Moskowitz. I understand. I won't say that was1393antisemitic.1394    Mr. Van Drew. We will be here all--it is not. I think you1395know--1396    Mr. Moskowitz. A little humor doesn't hurt. A little humor1397doesn't hurt.1398    Mr. Van Drew. We don't agree. He is a funny guy. I tell him1399that all the time.1400    Mr. Moskowitz. A little humor doesn't hurt.1401    Mr. Van Drew. He has a great sense of humor in all times1402and you know that I agree with some of what you said.1403    I am going to yield some time to myself. Then, Mr. Schmidt,1404actually you will come in the next round. I want to address1405some of those things.1406    I have really attempted to do this hearing in as1407nonpartisan a way as I possibly can. I would agree with Mr.1408Moskowitz that there is some fault on the Right.1409    There is no question. We have some extreme Right wing, and1410I am conservative. I am a very conservative person. There is no1411room for this on any side.1412    Some of the examples that are given of how this1413Administration is antisemitic, or done the wrong thing by Jews1414in general, I don't buy that. I really don't.1415    Let me be clear, some of the government-funded agencies1416were promoting antisemitic anti-equality, I don't use equity, I1417use equality, proposals.1418    Let me be clear, many universities, Ms. Cooper, you and I1419have spoken about it. My university, I graduated undergraduate,1420I went to dental school after, but undergraduate, I am just1421pouring out my heart here, I don't have this all written down.1422    I went to Rutgers University. I am proud of Rutgers. It is1423a good school. It is a good public school. Some of the things1424that are said and are going on, some of the professors that are1425tenured, you have got to be kidding me.1426    I would say the same thing to my friends on the Left, on1427the Democrat side, whatever you want to say, don't tell me that1428you don't see that, because if you don't, then your eyes are1429closed.1430    We have a real problem. You want to talk about a real1431problem? We have got a real problem in our universities. We1432have got a real problem in our colleges. We have got a real1433problem with what we are teaching young kids.1434    There is a desire to change the fabric and structure of the1435United States of America. This is one of the number of ways1436they want to go about it.1437    Our healthcare system, I think it was Mr. Marcus, I am not1438sure if Mr. Schneider mentioned, even our healthcare system1439doesn't really exhibit equality and has gone after Jews.1440    Some of the DEI policies weren't DEI policies for everyone.1441I don't even like the policies to begin with. Equality for1442everyone? Absolutely. Opportunity for everyone.1443    Some of them were inherently anti-Jewish. Corporation1444policies, they were actually promoting were anti-Jew, anti-1445Jewish, and antisemitic. Let's tell the truth. It is telling1446the truth time.1447    Media policies I notice this all the time.1448    I am sorry. I am not trying to be partisan, damn it. I just1449saw it.1450    I see the coverage of things. I see it when I am at a1451meeting, and I understand you should cover both. You should1452cover the Right. You should cover the Left.1453    The Universities should cover everything. Allowing hate and1454venom and a call to violence, some of these young people are1455influenced by that. The most ironic part of it all, is in these1456universities and colleges, the very people who are doing the1457anti-Jewish propaganda would never be anti-U.S. Government.1458    Recommending, again, it is their right to speak out. To do1459in a way that encourages violence and pain and hurt, is wrong.1460    My God, if they were in any of these countries that they1461are promoting, some of these countries' women can't drive. Some1462of these countries' women can't show their face. Some of these1463countries if you are gay, you will be killed.1464    Let's tell the damn truth, since Mr. Moskowitz wants to1465tell the truth. I know he does, and I respect him. Let's tell1466the truth on this.1467    Mr. Moskowitz. Would the gentleman yield for a minute?1468    Mr. Van Drew. In a second. Let's be also clear, we are1469trying to, and I get you don't like President Trump. I get it.1470I do. You don't. It is OK. There are differences on the Right1471and Left, conservative, liberal, Democrat, and Republican.1472    The statistics that we are using, because it takes a number1473of years to actually develop them, are not from when he was1474even in the Presidency. They are from when Joe Biden was the1475President of the United States.1476    I am not going to lay that on Joe Biden's feet either. The1477point is to push that all on President Trump is inherently1478unfair. So, let's stop it.1479    I know Mr. Moskowitz, you say that this isn't enough, but1480damn it, we had to start somewhere. I wish I had more time,1481because I can't overuse my time either.1482    Ms. Cooper, I am going to ask you questions really quickly.1483I just want a yes or no. Are universities that tolerate1484harassment of Jewish students violating their obligations under1485Title VI? Yes or no?1486    Ms. Cooper. Yes.1487    Mr. Van Drew. Has the threat environment on campus1488escalated tremendously, including Rutgers, and I hope somebody1489from Rutgers, including the new president is watching, since1490October 7, 2023? Yes or no?1491    Ms. Cooper. Yes.1492    Mr. Van Drew. Has the Trump Administration strengthened1493enforcement of Title VI through investigations, et cetera? Yes1494or no?1495    Ms. Cooper. Yes.1496    Mr. Van Drew. Should colleges that allow open support for1497terrorist groups like Hamas on their campuses be subject to1498loss of Federal funding? Yes or no?1499    Ms. Cooper. Yes. More.1500    Mr. Van Drew. The consequences of university administrators1501when they treat chants like, ``from the river to the sea,'' as1502protected speech instead of addressing them as threats, is that1503right? Yes or no?1504    Ms. Cooper. It is not right.1505    Mr. Van Drew. It is not right. Should student groups that1506glorify terrorist organizations, face disciplinary questions1507and conse-1508quences? Yes or no?1509    Ms. Cooper. Yes. More.1510    Mr. Van Drew. Do you believe that some of the current1511Federal civil rights enforcement tools are too slow or too weak1512for modern campus antisemitism?1513    Ms. Cooper. Very weak, yes.1514    Mr. Van Drew. OK. Thank you. I yield my time back. Next, we1515ask the Ranking Member from the great State of Texas, as she1516always likes to point out, right?1517    Ms. Crockett. Yes. Thank you so much, Mr. Chair. As I was1518listening to Mr. Moskowitz, it reminded me of the reason that I1519started off the remarks the way that I did when I talked about1520being united.1521    He mentioned the alliances. As a civil rights attorney, you1522can't come up in the civil rights world and not be told about1523the alliance that existed, the alliance that has been1524oftentimes referred to as the Grand Alliance between Black and1525Jewish Americans.1526    There is an article that has some really great information1527in it. What I want to get to is this one part, because I do1528want to yield more time to my colleagues. It says,15291530        The end we seek is a society at peace with itself, a society1531        that can live with its conscience, and that will be a day not1532        of the White man, not of the Black man, that will be the day of1533        man as man.15341535    This was in reference, this was a quote from Martin Luther1536King, because Martin Luther King marched with so many amazing1537Jewish leaders. They came together for the purpose of moving1538forward in this country.1539    It was a great Texan that signed the Voting Rights Act of15401965 into law just a few months after Dr. King was quoted as1541saying this.1542    The reason that I bring this up, is because when we start1543to talk about policy, I do want to be clear that this1544administration has been very clear that it is anti-DEI.1545    While they have defined things such as DEI, or diversity,1546equity and inclusion to be basically Black, if you just Google,1547it will tell you that it refers to the presence of differences1548among people encompassing various characteristics like age,1549race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, and1550more.1551    The reality is that there was a time in which our leaders1552understood that marching together for civil rights would1553somehow lead to the liberty and the freedom of all. That is1554really where I want us to get, instead of saying that it is OK1555to love and support one group and hate another.1556    We need to come together and stand against hate as a whole.1557I will yield to Mr. Moskowitz.1558    Mr. Moskowitz. Thank you, Ranking Member. Just 30 seconds.1559Mr. Chair, I know what is going on in the universities. I1560promise, I have been there, right?1561    I know the foreign money that has come into these1562universities. I know programs that are being taught there. No1563one is denying that this is the deal. It is by design. It is to1564go after the youth, right?1565    It is targeted. OK? Maybe the Left is a couple of years1566ahead of you. I want you to understand this is not a partisan1567problem.1568    What you saw, OK, in this strike in Iran, if you look at1569social media, I want you to understand that there are a lot of1570people on the woke Right that it turned out they hated Jews1571more than they liked the President. They picked a side. That is1572how much they hated Jews.1573    It is people, yes, there is all sorts of bots on Twitter.1574It is people with millions of followers, and they are1575brainwashing. Now, it is happening on both sides. OK?1576    You know what is happening? It is coming like this. It1577starts over here, and then it goes, and then it goes, and then1578you have consensus. That is where we are headed.1579    I am not debating with you that you are not correct. I want1580you to open your mind to understanding that this is a problem1581everywhere now.1582    I will yield back.1583    Ms. Crockett. I will yield to Mr. Goldman.1584    Mr. Goldman. Thank you to the Ranking Member. I will pick1585up on where Mr. Moskowitz.1586    Mr. Chair, as you may know, I am the Co-Chair of the1587Bipartisan Antisemitism Task Force. I will make a deal with1588you, I will call out all the antisemitism that I see on the1589extreme Left, if you lead by example and call out all the1590antisemitism you see on the extreme Right.1591    Because the more that we go back and forth and accuse the1592other of being worse, and try to prop up, oh, what this1593Administration has done on Title VI, or on DOJ, or whatever the1594litany of questions that you asked Ms. Cooper, the less we are1595able to tackle the problem.1596    The reality is that unfortunately, this administration has1597decided to move its enforcement of Title VI from the Department1598of Education in OCR, which Mr. Marcus led in the first Trump1599Administration, and Mr. Nosanchuk was a Deputy in the last1600administration, and now it is to DOJ.1601    Now, you can make an argument, as Ms. Cooper will likely1602make, that this is a stronger cudgel against antisemitism. That1603may be the case, but it moves a lot slower.1604    I would urge us to talk about how we can tackle this1605problem, because it is got to be through both. We need a robust1606Office of Civil Rights that can move quickly to investigate1607antisemitism on campus and remedy the problem before we get to1608litigation, which takes a very, very long time.1609    What I hope we can do, is recognize that to address the1610issue on the substance, we have to take the politics out of it.1611Because yes, you may have Harvard, Columbia, or Penn, and that1612may get a lot of attention, and it may seem like you are really1613cracking down on antisemitism.1614    Mr. Nosanchuk can correct me, there were almost 2001615complaints of antisemitism that were filed to the Office of1616Civil Rights during the last administration. At one point there1617was an average of 51 investigations per employee, at the Office1618of Civil Rights. Nobody can do 51 investigations.1619    Let's get to the bottom of the substance here, rather than1620try to put one party ahead of the next. I say this as somebody1621who, like Mr. Moskowitz, is eager and open to calling out the1622antisemitism that occurs on the extreme Left on campuses.1623    I will continue to do that. I will be a leader in calling1624out my own party. We need people on both sides to be calling1625out antisemitism on both sides in order for us to address this.1626    I thank you for the extra time and I yield back.1627    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you. Rest assured, when I see1628antisemitism, I am willing to work hand in hand with folks on1629both sides of the aisle.1630    Today's attempt, the resolution that I did on the floor,1631today's attempt as well, there is no doubt that there is fault1632that can be found on both sides. There is fault on both sides.1633    I don't want it to be that just everything Trump is bad.1634Everything Trump is wrong. This all came because of Trump. This1635came from a variety of things happening at once. It is a very1636challenging time in America for people of Jewish descent. It1637just is. It is a serious thing. This is no joke.1638    I will agree with you that this is no joke. It should be1639beyond partisanship. We never seem to succeed in Congress to be1640beyond partisanship. Maybe this can be an example of where we1641will. I am absolutely willing to give it a shot.1642    With that, I want to yield to Mr. Schmidt for five minutes.1643    Mr. Schmidt. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I want to thank our1644witnesses and thank my colleagues for what I think has been a1645genuine exchange of points of view today.1646    I have heard a passion on this Committee today that I have1647not always heard as I have served in the last five months. I am1648actually grateful for that.1649    I will tell you, Mr. Chair, as I have heard the most recent1650discussion here, a particular individual came to mind. This is1651an issue that is connected to my State.1652    There was a fellow who was from North Carolina a number of1653years ago. He had moved to Southern Missouri. He had been in1654years past, been a member of the White Patriot Party.1655    He then became a Member of the Democratic Party. He then1656became a Member of the Republican Party. He then re-registered1657as an independent.1658    On the eve of Passover in 2014, he drove from Southern1659Missouri across the State line into Kansas, went to the Jewish1660Community Center in Overland Park, Kansas with the intent of1661killing Jewish people, and shot and killed three people who1662were present. Frazier Glenn Cross or Glenn Miller, he went by1663both. He ultimately died in prison in the State of Kansas.1664    I realized that is not precisely on point. I would use that1665case to underscore this exchange that I have just heard among1666my colleagues of goodwill that there is nothing partisan about1667this on either side of the ledger.1668    We also just had a very recent case that touched our State1669of Kansas. Sarah Milgram, who was one of the two young people1670who were murdered here on the streets of Washington just last1671month, was a young Kansan.1672    She was raised in the greater Kansas City area. Was an1673alumna of my alma mater at the University of Kansas. We have1674all been touched in our own ways and certainly these are fresh1675wounds for us in the great State of Kansas.1676    I'd like to explore an idea with any of our witnesses, but1677I am going to start with Mr. Schneider. As we have heard the1678discussion today, the prepared testimony, the back and forth,1679the questioning, it does seem to me that there is an awful lot1680of general agreement that we have for Mr. Schneider's1681testimony.1682    We have out there both in some of the legacy media, but1683also, he mentioned Wikipedia and some of the online sources. We1684have folks whipping things up either with a specific intent to1685cause ill action or otherwise.1686    It becomes difficult when we start talking about what1687government can do in response, what type of State action may be1688permissible to respond to even the most atrocious and heinous1689discussion, whether it is online or otherwise.1690    I guess I would just ask Mr. Schneider, you have obviously1691given this area a great deal of thought. Are there things in1692our current sort of architecture of the First Amendment, either1693as the courts have interpreted it, or as we have advocated it,1694that we ought to be focused on, concerned about boundaries, is1695the architecture suitable for us to do some things in this1696space?1697    Mr. Schneider. Congressman, that is an excellent question.1698It actually gets to what Congresswoman Crockett was getting to1699as well.1700    NetChoice before the U.S. Supreme Court last year, arguing1701on behalf of these big tech platforms, literally argued1702essentially a resurrection of an even worse version of the1703Plessy v. Ferguson standard of separate but equal.1704    These big tech platforms literally are arguing that they1705have a First Amendment right to discriminate against anybody1706for any reason. That they have a right to discriminate against1707somebody if they are Black, if they are Jewish, or for1708political speech.1709    This is a dire threat that these platforms think that they1710are above the law. That they can discriminate for any reason1711whatsoever. They are.1712    We are seeing Jews getting kicked out of Uber cabs, and1713Uber and Lyft, these rideshare companies are in fact, Big Tech1714platforms. We are seeing people of faith whose accounts are1715being shut down in the name of Big Tech claiming that they have1716got the right to discriminate based on faith.1717    This is one place where Congress can explore, investigate,1718and push back on Big Tech. These are common carriers. They1719should not be allowed to discriminate. The State of Texas is1720doing good work here. Others are too.1721    Maybe you and Congresswoman Crockett could work together to1722address this real problem.1723    Mr. Schmidt. I appreciate it, Mr. Schneider.1724    Ms. Cooper, in the time we have left, you talked a bit1725about the threats. Can you tell us what type of online threats1726we are most commonly seeing against the Jewish community?1727    I asked the question against the backdrop of, in terms of1728the judicial interpretation of the First Amendment, the speech1729clause, we have generally seen true threats and incitement as1730probably the most applicable exceptions, too. What are we1731seeing and how do they fit?1732    Ms. Cooper. Every time, aside from like planned events,1733incidents, et cetera, whenever something big happens, like for1734example, what is happening right now with Iran.1735    I can give you a few examples. You see the groups, the most1736virulent, rabid, antisemitic groups, who are posting things1737that incite violence, murder, more.1738    Right now, in the last few days after, initially just a few1739days ago with Iran, the Palestinian Youth Movement, you need to1740investigate them. They are a scary group.1741    They posted, under the guise of immigration also, they1742wrote, they posted, ``we will win.'' These are just little1743snippets that I took.1744    Then, National NJP posted, ``Death to Occupation.'' They1745also posted in a separate post, ``the empire will fall from1746Gaza to Theran.''1747    Then, they wrote, ``The unprovoked attacks by the U.S. and1748the Zionist army have launched against Iran provide one thing,1749imperialism in the region will not stop, it is suffocating1750Palestine.''1751    Mr. Van Drew. The gentlelady's time has expired. Sorry. I1752recognize the gentleman, the Ranking Member from Maryland, Mr.1753Raskin.1754    Mr. Raskin. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I want to thank my1755colleague, Mr. Schmidt for his very thoughtful comments.1756    I have noted that we have been here for a few hours. The1757three Majority witnesses have not uttered a single word against1758antisemitic violence and rhetoric on the Right.1759    My colleague Dan Goldman said repeatedly, he, like all1760other Democrats, denounce antisemitism on the extreme Left, on1761the extreme Right. Somehow there is this troubling silence1762which emerges when it comes to that.1763    I want to try to get to the bottom of it. I would go--1764    Mr. Van Drew. Would the gentleman yield for five seconds?1765    Mr. Raskin. Sure.1766    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you. I have clearly stated that when1767there is this kind of behavior on the Right, I am opposed. I1768have called it out in the past.1769    Mr. Raskin. I heard that, and I thank you very much. I was1770referring to the witnesses and not to you.1771    Mr. Van Drew. OK.1772    Mr. Raskin. I am very pleased with everything I have heard1773from the dais today. I am trying to figure out what is going1774on.1775    Part of me thinks maybe this is just a partisan problem.1776That they think that it somehow breaks from Republican ranks if1777they acknowledge Right-wing antisemitism in America or anywhere1778else on the world.1779    What if Joe Biden had invited a neo-Nazi Holocaust1780revisionist to come have dinner with him and Kanye West? Then,1781didn't apologize, say he would never do it again, but that is1782just accepted as a norm.1783    What if Joe Biden had found very fine people on both sides1784of an antisemitic riot call that began with a march in front of1785a synagogue, 15 minutes from where my sister lives in1786Charlottesville, with people chanting, Jews will not replace1787us, Jews will not replace us? Heather Heyer was killed and all1788we hear from Donald Trump is, ``there are very fine people on1789both sides.''1790    The worst antisemitic mass shooting in American history in1791Pittsburgh at the Tree of Life Synagogue, done by apparently a1792lone ranger neo-Nazi. We get dismissive language, like from Mr.1793Schneider, saying well, ``we really shouldn't be worried about1794a couple of neo-Nazis living in the basement.''1795    I mean, my constituents are afraid to go to synagogue1796because of neo-Nazis living in the basement, not because of the1797American Federation of Teachers, not because of the AAUP, not1798because of the Associated Press.1799    Somehow the people who have great antisemitism detectors in1800major media institutions can't see what it means to have neo-1801Nazis at large in America, threatening people's lives. People1802are afraid. It is costing Jewish institutions a lot of money to1803try to protect themselves against this.1804    Mr. Nosanchuk, you were working with President Biden and1805the White House. I remember clearly the U.S. National Strategy1806to Counter Antisemitism, actual real steps to move forward.1807    We couldn't get, forgive me, Mr. Chair, it sounds like a1808partisan point, I am not trying to make it a partisan point, we1809couldn't get bipartisan cooperation undoing all these things. I1810wonder if you would say a word about what is in there?1811    More importantly, why is it that some people just want to1812see antisemitism on one side? Whether it is the extreme Right1813or the extreme Left.1814    I would go beyond that, because there is antisemitism in1815the center, in the government. I don't know exactly what Elon1816Musk is, but that guy used a fascist salute.1817    When people protested about it, he sent out a text making1818fun of the whole thing. Some people, he is using Nazi war1819criminals to make a joke. Some people will Goebbels down1820anything. Stop Goring your enemies. His pronouns would have1821been he, Himler. Bet you did Nazi that coming. OK?1822    So, it is a big joke for Elon Musk. How come we can't get1823across the board denunciation of that? Why must it be a1824partisan football?1825    If you would take a few seconds on that, Mr. Nosanchuk?1826    Mr. Nosanchuk. Sure. Thank you, Ranking Member Raskin.1827First, on the National Strategy, what I would like to say, and1828I brought it with me as well, because I had an opportunity to1829both have input into it before it was released in 2023 when I1830was outside of government, and then, when I was inside of1831government following September 2023, I was very much involved1832in implement-1833ing it.1834    It contains more than 100 recommendations for a whole of1835government approach to addressing the problem of antisemitism.1836Every agency in the Federal Government that had any stake in1837addressing the problem, from the Department of Agriculture to1838the Department of Education, the Department of Defense, and the1839Department of State, all looked at what they could do to1840effectively address the problem of that.1841    Mr. Raskin. To move forward. Let me intervene here, just to1842ask you, why is it that groups that are at least nominally1843organized around antisemitism, will not call out antisemitism1844in the government, like with Ed Martin, who embraces a neo-Nazi1845who wears a Hitler mustache?1846    He defends him. Why can we not get the groups who are1847nominally organized around this to say anything about it?1848    Mr. Nosanchuk. Right. As somebody who was a nonprofit1849leader in the Jewish community, I was very insistent on calling1850out antisemitism on the Right, or on the Left, wherever it--1851    Mr. Raskin. In the center or in the government.1852    Mr. Nosanchuk. In the center for that matter as well. I1853also said that most of the domestic terror is originating from1854the antisemitism on the Right. That is a fact.1855    When I was in New York, we had instances where there were1856bomb threats that were foiled, that were White supremacists who1857were coming into Manhattan to try to blow up a synagogue.1858    It is critical to be even-handed, as Mr. Goldman said, and1859as others have said, about calling this out wherever it arises.1860    Mr. Raskin. All right. I thank you. I yield back to you,1861Mr. Chair.1862    Mr. Van Drew. Thank you. I recognize the gentleman from the1863great State of Texas, Mr. Gill.1864    Mr. Gill. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Thanks for holding this1865hearing. I agree, wherever antisemitism is found, we should1866denounce it vehemently.1867    This is a huge issue that has come up, particularly in the1868past few years. Antisemitism is rooted not just in an ancient1869bigotry against the Jewish people, but oftentimes in a movement1870that seeks to fundamentally unwind civilization, particularly1871Western civilization.1872    Of course, our Western civilization that we enjoy, is1873rooted in Judeo-Christian values, the very cultural foundations1874that we as conservatives seek to conserve.1875    Unfortunately, we find too often that there are1876organizations, particularly and oftentimes on the Left, that1877are vehemently anti-1878semitic.1879    We have seen for years the BDS Movement grow in the United1880States, a movement that refers to Israel as an apartheid State,1881refers to their supposed genocide and calls them a settler1882colonialist State. Refers to them as supremacists.1883    We have seen the rise in the Students for Justice in1884Palestine Movement, a movement linked to Hamas that openly,1885across college campuses after October 7th, praised Hamas and1886defended them. Making college campuses oftentimes completely1887inhospitable for Jewish students. Shut them down oftentimes.1888    Then, we have Code Pink. We saw some of their Members in1889this room earlier today, a group that is connected to the CCP,1890that is ostensibly antiwar.1891    Yet, right after October 7th, the day after October 7th,1892put out a statement not condemning the genocide of Jews, but1893supporting the Palestinian movement saying,18941895        Resistance is a human right. The human reaction to being1896        oppressed is to resist. And Palestinians deserve that right1897        just as much as everyone else on the planet.18981899They went on to say,19001901        Palestinians are confronting the world with their truth, and it1902        is one that should be supported and respected.19031904That was the day after October 7th.1905    Then, we have Members of Congress comparing Jews to1906termites, saying that ``Israel has hypnotized the world and1907calling it evil.'' Then, of course, shouting the slogan, ``from1908the river to the sea.''1909    There is a leading mayoral candidate in New York right now,1910right now, who refuses to condemn the phrase ``Globalize the1911intifada.'' That is sickening that this is in our political1912system.1913    I again, want to thank you, Mr. Chair, for holding this1914hearing. Mr. Nosanchuk, thank you for being here and for the1915work against antisemitism that you do. Do you believe that the1916slogan, ``from the river to the sea,'' is antisemitic?1917    Mr. Nosanchuk. Terms have different meanings to different1918people. It is clear that some language has now fueled violent1919attacks on Jews. Those terms must be understood through that1920lens.1921    Mr. Gill. Well, do you believe that that phrase is1922antisemitic, though? I agree we should disagree with the1923substance of it.1924    Mr. Nosanchuk. It depends on the way in which the terms are1925used. Many Jews hear that as antisemitic. In that vein, they1926should, people who say it need to understand that this is how1927it is experienced.1928    In assessing from a civil rights perspective whether there1929has been antisemitism, we look to bias motivation. Certainly,1930language like that can be probative of antisemitic bias.1931    Mr. Gill. It seems to me a phrase that excludes the1932existence of the Jewish State would be pretty clearly1933antisemitic.1934    Do you believe that the phrase ``Globalize the Intifada,''1935is antisemitic?1936    Mr. Nosanchuk. When I hear the phrase ``Globalize the1937Intifada'' today, in light of the shooting that occurred at the1938Capitol Jewish Museum, in light of what happened at Boulder, in1939light of what happened at Governor Shapiro's house, there is no1940question that I experience that as being incredibly1941problematic.1942    Mr. Gill. Problematic, yes, I agree. Do you believe that it1943is antisemitic? Are you willing to condemn that phrase?1944    Mr. Nosanchuk. I condemn the use of that phrase, yes.1945    Mr. Gill. That is great. Thank you. Thank you guys for1946being here. Thanks, Mr. Chair.1947    Mr. Van Drew. The gentleman yields back. I want to thank1948you all for being here. Time is precious and I appreciate you1949sharing your time. That concludes today's hearing. We thank our1950witnesses again for being here.1951    Without objection, all Members will have five legislative1952days to submit additional written questions for the witnesses1953or additional materials for the record.1954    Without objection, this hearing is adjourned.1955    [Whereupon, at 4:44 p.m., the Subcommittee was adjourned.]19561957    All materials submitted for the record by Members of the1958Subcommittee on Oversight can be found at: https://1959docs.house.gov/Committee/Calendar/ByEvent.aspx?EventID=118411.