Search

Search bills, members, committees and pages...

Sign In

H.R. 1702

U.S. House•In House Committee

Summary

H.R. 1702, the JUDGES Act of 2025, was introduced in the House on Feb 27, 2025 by Rep. Darrell Issa (R) with 17 co-sponsors. It last saw action on Mar 5, 2025: Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 16 - 11.

Record

Text

H.R. 1702 has 17 co-sponsors.

hb1702/introduced-in-house.txt
119 HR 1702 IH: Judicial Understaffing Delays Getting Emergencies Solved Act of 2025
 U.S. House of Representatives
 2025-02-27
 text/xml
 EN
 Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
 I  119th CONGRESS  1st Session  H. R. 1702  IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES   February 27, 2025   Mr. Issa  (for himself,  Ms. Lee of Florida ,  Mr. Nehls , and  Mr. Kiley of California ) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the  Committee on the Judiciary    A BILL
To authorize additional district judges for the district courts and convert temporary judgeships.
1.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the   Judicial Understaffing Delays Getting Emergencies Solved Act of 2025   or the   JUDGES Act of 2025  .
2.
Findings
Congress finds the following:
(1)
Article III of the Constitution of the United States gives Congress the power to establish judgeships in the district courts of the United States.
(2)
Congress has not created a new district court judgeship since 2003 and has not enacted comprehensive judgeship legislation since 1990.
(3)
This represents the longest period of time since district courts of the United States were established in 1789 that Congress has not authorized any new permanent district court judgeships.
(4)
By the end of fiscal year 2022, filings in the district courts of the United States had increased by 30 percent since the last comprehensive judgeship legislation.
(5)
As of March 31, 2023, there were 686,797 pending cases in the district courts of the United States, with an average of 491 weighted case filings per judgeship over a 12-month period.
(6)
To deal with increased filings in the district courts of the United States, the Judicial Conference of the United States requested the creation of 66 new district court judgeships in its 2023 report.
3.
Additional district judges for the district courts
(a)
Additional judgeships
(1)
2025
(A)
In general
The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate—
(i)
1 additional district judge for the central district of California;
(ii)
 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of California;
(iii)
 1 additional district judge for the northern district of California;
(iv)
 1 additional district judge for the district of Delaware;
(v)
 1 additional district judge for the middle district of Florida;
(vi)
 1 additional district judge for the southern district of Indiana;
(vii)
1 additional district judge for the northern district of Iowa;
(viii)
1 additional district judge for the district of New Jersey;
(ix)
 1 additional district judge for the southern district of New York;
(x)
 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of Texas; and
(xi)
 1 additional district judge for the southern district of Texas.
(B)
Tables
The table contained in section 133(a) of title 28, United States Code, is amended—
(i)
by striking the items relating to California and inserting the following:
  California:
  Northern  15
  Eastern  7
  Central  28
  Southern  13      ;
(ii)
by striking the item relating to Delaware and inserting the following:
  Delaware  5      ;
(iii)
by striking the items relating to Florida and inserting the following:
  Florida:
  Northern  4
  Middle  16
  Southern  17      ;
(iv)
by striking the items relating to Indiana and inserting the following:
  Indiana:       Northern  5     Southern  6      ;
(v)
by striking the items relating to Iowa and inserting the following:
  Iowa:
  Northern  3
  Southern  3      ;
(vi)
by striking the item relating to New Jersey and inserting the following:
  New Jersey  18      ;
(vii)
by striking the items relating to New York and inserting the following:
  New York:
  Northern  5
  Southern  29
  Eastern  15
  Western  4      ; and
(viii)
by striking the items relating to Texas and inserting the following:
  Texas:       Northern  12     Southern  20     Eastern  8     Western  13      .
(C)
Effective date
This paragraph shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.
(2)
2027
(A)
In general
The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate—
(i)
 1 additional district judge for the district of Arizona;
(ii)
2 additional district judges for the central district of California;
(iii)
 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of California;
(iv)
 1 additional district judge for the northern district of California;
(v)
 1 additional district judge for the middle district of Florida;
(vi)
 1 additional district judge for the southern district of Florida;
(vii)
 1 additional district judge for the northern district of Georgia;
(viii)
 1 additional district judge for the district of Idaho;
(ix)
 1 additional district judge for the northern district of Texas; and
(x)
 1 additional district judge for the southern district of Texas.
(B)
Tables
The table contained in section 133(a) of title 28, United States Code, as amended by paragraph (1) of this subsection, is amended—
(i)
by striking the item relating to Arizona and inserting the following:
  Arizona  13      ;
(ii)
by striking the items relating to California and inserting the following:
  California:
  Northern  16
  Eastern  8
  Central  30
  Southern  13      ;
(iii)
by striking the items relating to Florida and inserting the following:
  Florida:       Northern  4     Middle  17     Southern  18      ;
(iv)
by striking the items relating to Georgia and inserting the following:
  Georgia:
  Northern  12
  Middle  4
  Southern  3      ;
(v)
by striking the item relating to Idaho and inserting the following:
  Idaho  3      ; and
(vi)
by striking the items relating to Texas and inserting the following:
  Texas:
  Northern  13
  Southern  21
  Eastern  8
  Western  13      .
(C)
Effective date
This paragraph shall take effect on January 21, 2027.
(3)
2029
(A)
In general
The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate—
(i)
 1 additional district judge for the central district of California;
(ii)
1 additional district judge for the eastern district of California;
(iii)
1 additional district judge for the northern district of California;
(iv)
 1 additional district judge for the district of Colorado;
(v)
1 additional district judge for the district of Delaware;
(vi)
 1 additional district judge for the district of Nebraska;
(vii)
 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of New York;
(viii)
1 additional district judge for the northern district of Oklahoma;
(ix)
1 additional district judge for the eastern district of Texas;
(x)
1 additional district judge for the southern district of Texas; and
(xi)
1 additional district judge for the western district of Texas.
(B)
Tables
The table contained in section 133(a) of title 28, United States Code, as amended by paragraph (2) of this subsection, is amended—
(i)
by striking the items relating to California and inserting the following:
  California:       Northern  17     Eastern  9     Central  31     Southern  13      ;
(ii)
by striking the item relating to Colorado and inserting the following:
  Colorado  8      ;
(iii)
by striking the item relating to Delaware and inserting the following:
  Delaware  6      ;
(iv)
by striking the item relating to Nebraska and inserting the following:
  Nebraska  4      ;
(v)
by striking the items relating to New York and inserting the following:
  New York:       Northern  5     Southern  29     Eastern  16     Western  4      ;
(vi)
by striking the items relating to Oklahoma and inserting the following:
  Oklahoma:
  Northern  4
  Eastern  1
  Western  6
  Northern, Eastern,and Western  1      ; and
(vii)
by striking the items relating to Texas and inserting the following:
  Texas:       Northern  13     Southern  22     Eastern  9     Western  14      .
(C)
Effective date
This paragraph shall take effect on January 21, 2029.
(4)
2031
(A)
In general
The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate—
(i)
 1 additional district judge for the district of Arizona;
(ii)
 1 additional district judge for the central district of California;
(iii)
1 additional district judge for the eastern district of California;
(iv)
1 additional district judge for the northern district of California;
(v)
 1 additional district judge for the southern district of California;
(vi)
 1 additional district judge for the middle district of Florida;
(vii)
 1 additional district judge for the southern district of Florida;
(viii)
 1 additional district judge for the district of New Jersey;
(ix)
 1 additional district judge for the western district of New York; and
(x)
2 additional district judges for the western district of Texas.
(B)
Tables
The table contained in section 133(a) of title 28, United States Code, as amended by paragraph (3) of this subsection, is amended—
(i)
by striking the item relating to Arizona and inserting the following:
  Arizona  14      ;
(ii)
by striking the items relating to California and inserting the following:
  California:
  Northern  18
  Eastern  10
  Central  32
  Southern  14      ;
(iii)
by striking the items relating to Florida and inserting the following:
  Florida:       Northern  4     Middle  18     Southern  19      ;
(iv)
by striking the item relating to New Jersey and inserting the following:
  New Jersey  19      ;
(v)
by striking the items relating to New York and inserting the following:
  New York:       Northern  5     Southern  29     Eastern  16     Western  5      ; and
(vi)
by striking the items relating to Texas and inserting the following:
  Texas:
  Northern  13
  Southern  22
  Eastern  9
  Western  16      .
(C)
Effective date
This paragraph shall take effect on January 21, 2031.
(5)
2033
(A)
In general
The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate—
(i)
 2 additional district judges for the central district of California;
(ii)
1 additional district judge for the northern district of California;
(iii)
 1 additional district judge for the district of Colorado;
(iv)
 1 additional district judge for the middle district of Florida;
(v)
 1 additional district judge for the northern district of Florida;
(vi)
 1 additional district judge for the northern district of Georgia;
(vii)
 1 additional district judge for the southern district of New York;
(viii)
1 additional district judge for the eastern district of Oklahoma;
(ix)
1 additional district judge for the southern district of Texas; and
(x)
1 additional district judge for the western district of Texas.
(B)
Tables
The table contained in section 133(a) of title 28, United States Code, as amended by paragraph (4) of this subsection, is amended—
(i)
by striking the items relating to California and inserting the following:
  California:
  Northern  19
  Eastern  10
  Central  34
  Southern  14      ;
(ii)
by striking the item relating to Colorado and inserting the following:
  Colorado  9      ;
(iii)
by striking the items relating to Florida and inserting the following:
  Florida:
  Northern  5
  Middle  19
  Southern  19      ;
(iv)
by striking the items relating to Georgia and inserting the following:
  Georgia:       Northern  13     Middle  4     Southern  3      ;
(v)
by striking the items relating to New York and inserting the following:
  New York:
  Northern  5
  Southern  30
  Eastern  16
  Western  5      ;
(vi)
by striking the items relating to Oklahoma and inserting the following:
  Oklahoma:       Northern  4     Eastern  2     Western  6     Northern, Eastern,and Western  1      ; and
(vii)
by striking the items relating to Texas and inserting the following:
  Texas:
  Northern  13
  Southern  23
  Eastern  9
  Western  17      .
(C)
Effective date
This paragraph shall take effect on January 21, 2033.
(6)
2035
(A)
In general
The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate—
(i)
 2 additional district judges for the central district of California;
(ii)
1 additional district judge for the northern district of California;
(iii)
 1 additional district judge for the southern district of California;
(iv)
 1 additional district judge for the middle district of Florida;
(v)
 1 additional district judge for the southern district of Florida;
(vi)
 1 additional district judge for the district of New Jersey;
(vii)
 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of New York; and
(viii)
2 additional district judges for the western district of Texas.
(B)
Tables
The table contained in section 133(a) of title 28, United States Code, as amended by paragraph (5) of this subsection, is amended—
(i)
by striking the items relating to California and inserting the following:
  California:
  Northern  20
  Eastern  10
  Central  36
  Southern  15      ;
(ii)
by striking the items relating to Florida and inserting the following:
  Florida:       Northern  5     Middle  20     Southern  20      ;
(iii)
by striking the item relating to New Jersey and inserting the following:
  New Jersey  20      ;
(iv)
by striking the items relating to New York and inserting the following:
  New York:       Northern  5     Southern  30     Eastern  17     Western  5      ; and
(v)
by striking the items relating to Texas and inserting the following:
  Texas:
  Northern  13
  Southern  23
  Eastern  9
  Western  19      .
(C)
Effective date
This paragraph shall take effect on January 21, 2035.
(b)
Temporary judgeships
(1)
In general
The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, 1 additional district judge for the eastern district of Oklahoma.
(2)
Vacancies not filled
The first vacancy in the office of district judge in each of the offices of district judge authorized by this subsection, occurring 5 years or more after the confirmation date of the judge named to fill the temporary district judgeship created in the applicable district by this subsection, shall not be filled.
(3)
Effective date
This subsection shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.
(c)
Authorization of appropriations
(1)
In general
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section and the amendments made by this section—
(A)
for each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026, $12,965,330;
(B)
for each of fiscal years 2027 and 2028, $23,152,375;
(C)
for each of fiscal years 2029 and 2030, $32,413,325;
(D)
for each of fiscal years 2031 and 2032, $42,600,370;
(E)
for each of fiscal years 2033 and 2034, $51,861,320; and
(F)
for fiscal year 2035 and each fiscal year thereafter, $61,122,270.
(2)
Inflation adjustment
For each fiscal year described in paragraph (1), the amount authorized to be appropriated for such fiscal year shall be increased by the percentage by which—
(A)
the Consumer Price Index for the previous fiscal year, exceeds
(B)
the Consumer Price Index for the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year described in subparagraph (A).
(3)
Definition
In this subsection, the term  Consumer Price Index  means the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (all items, United States city average), published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor.
4.
Organization of Texas district courts
Section 124(b)(2) of title 28, United States Code, is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (3), by inserting  and College Station  before the period at the end.
5.
Organization of California district courts
Section 84(d) of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting  and El Centro  after  at San Diego .
6.
GAO reports
(a)
Judicial caseloads
Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and make publicly available reports—
(1)
evaluating—
(A)
the accuracy and objectiveness of case-related workload measures and methodologies used by the Administrative Office of the United States Courts for district courts of the United States and courts of appeals of the United States;
(B)
the impact of non-case-related activities of judges of the district courts of the United States and courts of appeals of the United States on judicial caseloads; and
(C)
the effectiveness and efficiency of the policies of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts regarding senior judges; and
(2)
providing any recommendations of the Comptroller General with respect to the matters described in paragraph (1).
(b)
Detention space
The Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a report on an assessment of—
(1)
a determination of the needs of Federal agencies for detention space;
(2)
efforts by Federal agencies to acquire detention space; and
(3)
any challenges in determining and acquiring detention space.
7.
Public accessibility of the article III judgeship recommendations of the Judicial Conference of the United States report
(a)
In general
The Administrative Office of the United States Courts, in consultation with the Judicial Conference of the United States, shall make publicly available on their website, free of charge, the biennial report entitled  Article III Judgeship Recommendations of the Judicial Conference of the United States .
(b)
Contents
The report described in subsection (a) should be released not less frequently than biennially and contain the summaries and all related appendixes supporting the judgeship recommendations of the Judicial Conference of the United States, including—
(1)
the process used by the Judicial Conference in developing the recommendations;
(2)
any caseload and methodology changes;
(3)
judgeship surveys with recommendations; and
(4)
specific information about each court for which the Judicial Conference recommends additional judgeships.
(c)
Submission to Congress
The Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives copies of the report described in subsection (a).

Tracker

The tracker indicates the progress of this legislation as it moves through the legislative process.

  1. Introduced2025-02-27
  2. Passed House
  3. Passed Senate
  4. Conference
  5. To President
  6. Became Law

CRS Summary

The summaries are the Congressional Research Service’s, one per stage. Read them in full.

Introduced in House Feb 27, 2025

hb1702/introduced-in-house.md

Shown Here:
Introduced in House (02/27/2025)

Judicial Understaffing Delays Getting Emergencies Solved Act of 2025 or the JUDGES Act of 2025

This bill creates 64 U.S. district court judgeships—63 permanent and 1 temporary—and expands the jurisdictional coverage of two district courts.

Specifically, the bill creates 63 new permanent judgeships across 14 states over a 10-year period beginning in 2025. The state and total number of judgeships added over the 10-year period are as follows:

  • Arizona (1),
  • California (20),
  • Colorado (2),
  • Delaware (2),
  • Florida (9),
  • Georgia (2),
  • Idaho (1),
  • Indiana (1),
  • Iowa (1),
  • Nebraska (1),
  • New Jersey (3),
  • New York (5),
  • Oklahoma (2), and
  • Texas (13).

Additionally, the bill creates one temporary judgeship in the Eastern District of Oklahoma in 2025.

Finally, the bill adds locations where court must be held in two district courts—one in California and one in Texas. Specifically, the bill adds College Station to the list of places where court must be held in the Houston Division of the Southern District of Texas. Also, the bill adds El Centro to the list of places where court must be held in the Southern District of California.

The bill directs the Government Accountability Office to submit reports to Congress on judicial caseloads and detention space.

The bill also directs the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts to make available on its website the biennial report by the Judicial Conference of the United States on judgeship recommendations.

Sponsors

Rep. Darrell Issa (R) sponsors H.R. 1702, and 17 members have co-sponsored it, 3 of them from the day it was introduced.

Committees

H.R. 1702 went before 1 committee: Judiciary.

Judiciary
Judiciary
Markup By · Mar 5, 2025 · 2,181 Bills

Actions

H.R. 1702 has taken 4 actions since Feb 27, 2025, the latest on Mar 5, 2025.

ChamberAction
Mar 5, 2025
House
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session HeldJudiciary Committee
Mar 5, 2025
House
Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 16 - 11.Judiciary Committee
Feb 27, 2025
House
Introduced in House
Feb 27, 2025
House
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.Judiciary Committee

Votes

H.R. 1702 has not gone to a roll call.

3 bills are related to H.R. 1702.

Titles

H.R. 1702 goes by 4 titles, 2 of them short titles.

  • JUDGES Act of 2025 — Display Title
  • JUDGES Act of 2025 — Short Title(s) as Introduced
  • Judicial Understaffing Delays Getting Emergencies Solved Act of 2025 — Short Title(s) as Introduced
  • To authorize additional district judges for the district courts and convert temporary judgeships. — Official Title as Introduced

Cost estimate

The Congressional Budget Office has filed 1 estimate for H.R. 1702, the latest on Mar 25, 2025.

  • H.R. 1702, JUDGES Act — 2025-03-25As ordered reported by the House Committee on the Judiciary on March 5, 2025

Lobbying

12 clients hired 12 firms and 80 registered lobbyists who named H.R. 1702 in 39 quarterly filings, 2025 to 2026. Reported under the Lobbying Disclosure Act; a filing’s income covers everything its registrant worked that quarter, so the amounts below are the filings’, not this bill’s.

Filed under Government Issues, Budget/Appropriations, Civil Rights/Civil Liberties, Immigration, Labor Issues/Antitrust/Workplace, Medicare/Medicaid, Health Issues, Transportation.

Clients

Who paid to be heard, by how many filings named the bill.

ClientBusinessStateFirmsFilingsReported
SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLC—District of Columbia110—
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE—District of Columbia17—
FEDERAL BAR ASSOCIATIONNational bar association focused on the federal legal systemVirginia16$360K
LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS—District of Columbia14—
AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION—District of Columbia12—
EARTHJUSTICE ACTIONnonprofit advocacy organizationDistrict of Columbia12—
PEOPLE FOR THE AMERICAN WAY—District of Columbia12—
REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM FOR ALL—District of Columbia12—
AMERICANS UNITED FOR SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE—District of Columbia11—
PLANNED PARENTHOOD ACTION FUND INC—District of Columbia11—
PLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERATION OF AMERICA INC—District of Columbia11—
PROTECT DEMOCRACY UNITED (FORMERLY KNOWN AS UNITED TO PROTECT DEMOCRACY)—District of Columbia11—

Firms

Registrants who filed on the bill, by filings.

RegistrantClientsFilingsReported
SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLC110—
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE17—
ARENTFOX SCHIFF LLP16$360K
LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS14—
AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION12—
EARTHJUSTICE ACTION12—
PEOPLE FOR THE AMERICAN WAY12—
REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM FOR ALL12—
AMERICANS UNITED FOR SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE11—
PLANNED PARENTHOOD ACTION FUND, INC.11—
PLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERATION OF AMERICA, INC.11—
PROTECT DEMOCRACY UNITED (FORMERLY KNOWN AS UNITED TO PROTECT DEMOCRACY)11—

Lobbyists

Named on the filings that cite the bill. The 20 named most often, of 80.

LobbyistFirmsClientsFilings
DALEN HARRIS1110
ISAIAH WILSON1110
JOHN GRAY1110
SARAH HEYDEMANN1110
ALISA FARLEY119
CHARLOTTE MCBIRNEY117
DANIEL HINKLE117
HEATHER SAGER117
JULIA DUNCAN117
LINDA LIPSEN117
SUSAN STEINMAN117
VICTOR DIAZ117
CISSY JACKSON116
DAN RENBERG116
JUSTICE ESTRADA116
STARSHINE CHUN116
THEODORE NASTASE116
BYRON DORGAN115
AMERICA FITZPATRICK114
DARIEN DAVIS114

Filings

The documents themselves, on the Senate’s Lobbying Disclosure site, largest reported first.

ClientRegistrantPeriodReportedDocument
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICEAMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE2026 second_quarter$1.8M2nd Quarter - Report
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICEAMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE2025 fourth_quarter$1.8M4th Quarter - Report
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICEAMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE2026 first_quarter$1.5M1st Quarter - Report
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICEAMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE2025 first_quarter$1.4M1st Quarter - Amendme…
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICEAMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE2025 first_quarter$1.4M1st Quarter - Report
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICEAMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE2025 second_quarter$1.4M2nd Quarter - Report
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICEAMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE2025 third_quarter$1.4M3rd Quarter - Report
SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLCSERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLC2026 second_quarter$300K2nd Quarter - Report
SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLCSERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLC2025 second_quarter$290K2nd Quarter - Amendme…
LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERSLEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS2025 second_quarter$290K2nd Quarter - Report
SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLCSERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLC2025 first_quarter$286K1st Quarter - Amendme…
PLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERATION OF AMERICA INCPLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERATION OF AMERICA, INC.2025 second_quarter$280.6K2nd Quarter - Report
LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERSLEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS2025 fourth_quarter$280K4th Quarter - Report
AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATIONAMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION2025 second_quarter$280K2nd Quarter - Report
SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLCSERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLC2025 second_quarter$280K2nd Quarter - Report
SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLCSERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLC2025 third_quarter$260K3rd Quarter - Amendme…
AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATIONAMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION2025 first_quarter$260K1st Quarter - Report
SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLCSERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLC2026 first_quarter$250K1st Quarter - Amendme…
PLANNED PARENTHOOD ACTION FUND INCPLANNED PARENTHOOD ACTION FUND, INC.2025 second_quarter$232.3K2nd Quarter - Report
SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLCSERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION CTW-CLC2025 third_quarter$223K3rd Quarter - Amendme…

Classification

The Congressional Research Service files H.R. 1702 under Law, one of its 31 policy areas, and gives it 20 legislative subjects.

CRS Subjects

CRS assigns every bill one policy area from its 31; H.R. 1702’s is Law.

hr1702/policy-areas.txt
LawAgriculture and FoodAnimalsArmed Forces and National SecurityArts, Culture, ReligionCivil Rights and Liberties, Minority IssuesCommerceCongressCrime and Law EnforcementEconomics and Public FinanceEducationEmergency ManagementEnergyEnvironmental ProtectionFamiliesFinance and Financial SectorForeign Trade and International FinanceGovernment Operations and PoliticsHealthHousing and Community DevelopmentImmigrationInternational AffairsLabor and EmploymentNative AmericansPublic Lands and Natural ResourcesScience, Technology, CommunicationsSocial WelfareSports and RecreationTaxationTransportation and Public WorksWater Resources Development

Legislative Subjects

H.R. 1702 carries 20 of CRS’s legislative subjects, from Arizona to Utah.

hr1702/subjects.txt
ArizonaCaliforniaColoradoCongressional oversightDelawareFederal district courtsFloridaGeorgiaGovernment information and archivesGovernment studies and investigationsIdahoIndianaIowaJudgesNebraskaNew JerseyNew York StateOklahomaTexasUtah

Constitutional authority

The clause the sponsor cites as Congress’s power to enact H.R. 1702, as entered in the Congressional Record.

[Congressional Record Volume 171, Number 39 (Thursday, February 27, 2025)][House][Pages H919-H920]From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]By Mr. ISSA:H.R. 1702.Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuantto the following:Article I, Section 8, clause 18 allows Congress to make alllaws ``which shall be necessary and proper for carrying intoexecution'' any ``other'' powers vested by the Constitutionin the Government of the United States.*Note: According to the Supreme Court, theNecessary and Proper Clause gives Congress the ``power tomake laws for carrying into execution all the Judgments whichthe judicial department has power to pronounce'' (Wayman v.Southard, 10 Wheat 1, 22 (1825)), and, thereby, Congress has``undoubted power to regulate the practice and procedure offederal courts.'' See Sibbach v. Wilson & Co., 312 U.S. 1, 9(1941).[[Page H920]]

Source: congress.gov · legiscan.com