S.Hrg.119-423

1[Senate Hearing 119-423]2[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]34                                                      S. Hrg. 119-42356                       NOMINATION TO THE NATIONAL7                  AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION8                  AND THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE9=======================================================================1011                                HEARING1213                               BEFORE THE1415                         COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE,16                      SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION17                          UNITED STATES SENATE1819                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS2021                             FIRST SESSION2223                               __________2425                            DECEMBER 3, 20252627                               __________2829    Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and30                             Transportation3132[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]3334                Available online: http://www.govinfo.gov35                              __________3637                U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISING OFFICE3863-883                  WASHINGTON : 202639=======================================================================4041       SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION4243                    ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS4445                             FIRST SESSION4647                       TED CRUZ, Texas, Chairman48JOHN THUNE, South Dakota             MARIA CANTWELL, Washington,49ROGER WICKER, Mississippi                Ranking50DEB FISCHER, Nebraska                AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota51JERRY MORAN, Kansas                  BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii52DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska                 EDWARD MARKEY, Massachusetts53MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee          GARY PETERS, Michigan54TODD YOUNG, Indiana                  TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin55TED BUDD, North Carolina             TAMMY DUCKWORTH, Illinois56ERIC SCHMITT, Missouri               JACKY ROSEN, Nevada57JOHN CURTIS, Utah                    BEN RAY LUJAN, New Mexico58BERNIE MORENO, Ohio                  JOHN HICKENLOOPER, Colorado59TIM SHEEHY, Montana                  JOHN FETTERMAN, Pennsylvania60SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia  ANDY KIM, New Jersey61CYNTHIA LUMMIS, Wyoming              LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER, Delaware62                 Brad Grantz, Republican Staff Director63           Nicole Christus, Republican Deputy Staff Director64                   Lila Harper Helms, Staff Director65                 Melissa Porter, Deputy Staff Director6667                           C O N T E N T S6869                              ----------70                                                                   Page71Hearing held on December 3, 2025.................................     172Statement of Senator Cruz........................................     173Statement of Senator Cantwell....................................     274Statement of Senator Sheehy......................................     575    Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Senator Ted Cruz and Senator76      Maria Cantwell from Tony LaRosa, Founder and Managing77      Director, Interplanetary Chamber of Commerce...............     678    Letter dated November 19, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and79      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Dr. Jonathan Cirtain,80      Chief Executive Officer and President, Axiom Space.........     681    Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and82      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Matt Gialich, Chief83      Executive Officer, AstroForge, Inc.........................     784    Letter dated November 25, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and85      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Jason Kim, CEO, Firefly86      Aerospace..................................................     887    Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and88      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Steve Place, CEO,89      Corillian..................................................     990    Letter dated November 21, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and91      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Rob Meyerson, CEO,92      Interlune Corporation......................................     993    Letter dated November 26, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and94      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Mason Angel, Founding95      Partner, Industrious Ventures and Taylor Sargent, Partner,96      Industrious Ventures.......................................    1097    Letter dated November 26, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and98      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Stephen Altemus, Chief99      Executive Officer, Intuitive Machines......................    11100    Letter dated November 13, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and101      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Tom Mueller, CEO,102      Impulse Space..............................................    11103    Letter dated November 17, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.104      Maria Cantwell from Bradley Cheetham, Chief Executive105      Officer, Advanced Space LLC................................    12106    Letter dated November 20, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and107      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Joshua Brost, Chief108      Revenue Officer, Relativity Space, Inc.....................    13109    Letter dated November 26, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and110      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Twyman Clements,111      President and Co-Founder, Space Tango......................    13112    Letter dated December 2, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and113      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Karan Kunjur, Co-Founder114      and CEO, K2 Space and Neel Kunjur Co-Founder and CTO, K2115      Space......................................................    14116    Letter dated November 25, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and117      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Dylan Taylor, Chairman118      and CEO, Voyager Technologies..............................    15119    Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and120      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Kevin Lowdermilk, Chief121      Executive Officer, Vaya Space..............................    15122    Letter dated November 28, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and123      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Tejpaul Bhatia, Founder124      and CEO, Plan Z Capital Inc................................    16125    Letter dated November 30, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and126      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Michael Anderson, Chief127      Executive Officer, Seagate Space Corporation...............    17128    Letter dated November 12, 2025 to Ranking Member Chris Van129      Hollen and Senator Angela Alsobrooks from Robert D. Braun,130      Head, Space Exploration Sector, Johns Hopkins Applied131      Physics Laboratory.........................................    17132    Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria133      Cantwell from Michael Gold, President, Civil and134      International Business, Redwire Space......................    18135    Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and136      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Dr. Angel Smith,137      Executive Director, SmallSat Alliance......................    19138    Letter dated December 2, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria139      Cantwell from Robbie Robertson, CEO and Co-Founder, Sedaro.    20140    Letter dated December 2, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and141      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Ryan Kriser, Chairman,142      Board of Directors, Space for Humanity and Antonio143      Peronace, Executive Director, Space for Humanity...........    21144    Letter dated November 30, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and145      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Mr. Thomas Marotta, CEO,146      The Spaceport Company......................................    21147    Letter dated December 2, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria148      Cantwell from Geoff Freeman, President and CEO, U.S. Travel149      Association................................................    22150    Letter dated November 24, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and151      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Andy Lapsa, CEO, Stoke152      Space......................................................    23153    Letter dated November 26, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and154      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Marshall Smith, Chief155      Executive Officer, Starlab Space...........................    23156    Letter dated November 26, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and157      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Blair Bigelow May,158      Founder and CEO. Selene Space Corporation..................    24159    Letter dated December 3, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and160      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Raymond Tonsing, Member,161      Caffeinated Capital Management, LLC........................    25162    Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and163      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Ryan Kriser, Partner,164      Type One Ventures..........................................    26165    Letter dated November 17, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.166      Maria Cantwell from Will Marshall, Co-Founder and Chief167      Executive Officer, Planet Labs PBC and Robert Schingler,168      Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Officer, Planet Labs PBC.....    27169    Letter dated March 25, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria170      Cantwell from Kyle J. Cozad, RADM USN (Ret), President and171      CEO, Naval Aviation Museum Foundation......................    28172    Letter dated November 13, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.173      Maria Cantwell from Captain Wes Pulver, USCG (Ret.),174      President, National Coast Guard Museum Association.........    28175    Letter dated November 21, 2025 to Hon. Senator Ted Cruz and176      Hon. Senator Maria Cantwell from Saleem Miyan, Co-founder177      and CEO, Max Space Inc.....................................    29178    Letter dated November 21, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.179      Maria Cantwell from Ed Bolen, President and CEO, National180      Business Aviation Association..............................    31181    Press Statement dated November 12, 2025 entitled, ``Statement182      on the re-nomination of Jared Isaacman for NASA183      Administrator'' by Danielle Gunn, The Planetary Society....    32184    Letter dated November 12, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and185      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Dave Cavossa, President,186      Commercial Space Federation................................    33187    Statement from Redwire Corporation...........................    34188    Letter dated November 24, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.189      Maria Cantwell from Mike Moses, President, Virgin Galactic.    34190    Letter dated November 26, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and191      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Bill Woolf, Colonel,192      USAF (Ret.), CEO, President and Founder, Space Force193      Association................................................    35194    Tweet on Truth Social dated November 4, 2025 from President195      Donald J. Trump............................................    36196Statement of Senator Moran.......................................    87197Statement of Senator Moreno......................................    89198Statement of Senator Kim.........................................    91199Statement of Senator Schmitt.....................................    93200Statement of Senator Peters......................................    95201Statement of Senator Markey......................................    98202Statement of Senator Budd........................................   100203Statement of Senator Lujan.......................................   102204Statement of Senator Klobuchar...................................   103205Statement of Senator Young.......................................   106206Statement of Senator Rosen.......................................   107207Statement of Senator Capito......................................   109208Statement of Senator Hickenlooper................................   111209    Letter dated November 22, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.210      Maria Cantwell from former NASA Astronauts.................   113211    Letter dated November 21, 2025 to Hon. Roger Wicker and Hon.212      Cindy Hyde-Smith from Michelle D. Hanlon, Executive213      Director, Air and Space Law Program, University of214      Mississippi................................................   114215    Letter dated November 24, 2025 to Senator Tommy Tuberville216      from Brenda Perez, Interim Chief Executive Officer, Chief217      Financial Officer, U.S. Space and Rocket Center............   114218    Letter dated November 24, 2025 to Senator Katie Britt from219      Brenda Perez, Interim Chief Executive Officer, Chief220      Financial Officer, U.S. Space and Rocket Center............   115221    Letter dated December 1, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria222      Cantwell from the undersigned 12,329 members of the223      national #SaveChandra Community............................   116224    Letter dated November 29, 2025 to Chairman Ted Cruz and225      Ranking Member Maria Cantwell from Sinan Kanatsiz,226      Chairman, Internet Marketing Association...................   128227228                               Witnesses229230Hon. Bill Hagerty, U.S. Senator from Tennessee...................     4231Jared Isaacman, Nominee to be Administrator, National Aeronautics232  and Space Administration.......................................    38233    Prepared statement...........................................    40234    Biographical information.....................................    41235Steven H. Haines, Nominee to be an Assistant Secretary of236  Commerce for Industry and Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce    74237    Prepared statement...........................................    76238    Biographical information.....................................    77239240                                Appendix241242Response to written questions submitted to Jared Isaacman by:243    Hon. Ted Cruz................................................   129244    Hon. Roger Wicker............................................   129245    Hon. Jerry Moran.............................................   130246    Hon. Dan Sullivan............................................   131247    Hon. Ted Budd................................................   131248    Hon. Eric Schmitt............................................   132249    Hon. Maria Cantwell..........................................   133250    Hon. Edward Markey...........................................   136251    Hon. Gary Peters.............................................   137252    Hon. Tammy Duckworth.........................................   137253    Hon. Jacky Rosen.............................................   138254    Hon. John Hickenlooper.......................................   138255    Hon. John Fetterman..........................................   142256Response to written questions submitted to Steven H. Haines by:257    Hon. Roger Wicker............................................   143258    Hon. Todd Young..............................................   143259    Hon. Maria Cantwell..........................................   144260    Hon. Amy Klobuchar...........................................   146261262                       NOMINATION TO THE NATIONAL263                  AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION264                  AND THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE265266                              ----------267268                      WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 3, 2025269270                                       U.S. Senate,271        Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,272                                                    Washington, DC.273    The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10 a.m., in room274SR-253, Russell Senate Office Building, Hon. Ted Cruz, Chairman275of the Committee, presiding.276    Present: Senators Cruz [presiding], Fischer, Moran,277Sullivan, Young, Budd, Schmitt, Moreno, Sheehy, Capito,278Cantwell, Klobuchar, Markey, Peters, Rosen, Lujan,279Hickenlooper, Fetterman, and Kim.280281              OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. TED CRUZ,282                    U.S. SENATOR FROM TEXAS283284    Chairman Cruz. Good morning. The Senate Committee on285Commerce, Science, and Transportation will come to order.286    Today, we will consider the nominations of Jared Isaacman287to serve as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space288Administration, which I have to say, for a moment, feels a bit289like Groundhog Day, and also Steven Haines to serve as an290Assistant Secretary of Commerce.291    NASA is at the forefront of American leadership in science292and technology. It is critical to our national security amid293what I have called the second ``space race.'' But the agency294finds itself at an inflection point. Its next leader must be295both disciplined and purposeful, candidly assessing what is296working and what is not, while recognizing that each policy297decision has tradeoffs. NASA cannot do everything it wants to;298the agency must prioritize if we are to beat China back to the299Moon and back to Mars.300    If confirmed, Mr. Isaacman will be taking the helm just as301NASA is set to launch Artemis II, the agency's first crewed use302of the Space Launch System rocket and the first crewed mission303on the Orion spacecraft, which will bring American astronauts304closer to the lunar surface than at any point since 1972.305    I know Mr. Isaacman will be a strong leader who sees that306Artemis II launches safely, successfully, and without delay.307    He must then turn to Artemis III, landing Americans on the308Moon before China, which is aimed to send its own taikonauts309there by 2030. NASA cannot take its eye off the ball.310    Fortunately, Congress has given clear direction and311substantial funding to achieve this goal. In the One Big312Beautiful Bill, President Trump and a Republican Congress313committed nearly $10 billion to specific parts of the space314program, including the Space Launch System and future lunar315missions of Artemis IV and V; the Gateway space station at the316Moon; and the International Space Station. The vision for NASA317enshrined in the One Big Beautiful Bill is unambiguous, and318Congress expects that it will be executed faithfully.319    And I will note that our friend and colleague, Senator320Katie Britt, from Alabama, has come to join us. Alabama321obviously has intense interest in NASA and space, and Senator322Britt, we welcome you to the Committee this morning.323    Investments in hardware alone will not guarantee mission324success. Equally indispensable is NASA's workforce. Houston's325Johnson Space Center is home to one of the most capable,326experienced, and mission-driven workforces in the world. JSC is327home to our astronaut corps, America's spacefaring heroes, who328represent the best of our Nation. Preserving that talent is329essential, and I trust that JSC will continue to thrive under330Mr. Isaacman's leadership.331    Mr. Isaacman, I believe, will prioritize stability,332accountability, and respect for the men and women who make the333agency's missions possible. As the commander of Inspiration 4,334the first all-civilian spaceflight, and the first private335citizen to walk in space, he knows that every successful336mission depends on the skills and the dedication of its crew,337as well as the countless professionals supporting them from the338ground.339    Mr. Isaacman, I know that you are as committed to American340supremacy in the final frontier as is this Committee and the341entire Senate. The United States must remain the unquestioned342leader in space exploration, and this imperative is why we need343to confirm your nomination as expeditiously as possible. My344hope is that you will be confirmed and in this role before the345end of this year.346    Finally, a word about our nominee to lead Industry and347Analysis within the International Trade Administration at the348Department of Commerce. If confirmed, Steven Haines will also349help us compete with China. He will support U.S. companies with350actionable market intelligence, help them navigate trade351barriers, and identify opportunities for expansion into foreign352markets. He brings experience as a foreign service officer and353from across multiple Federal agencies.354    Both our nominees before us will advance American355interests, whether in outer space or here at home.356    I now turn to Ranking Member Cantwell for her opening357remarks.358359               STATEMENT OF HON. MARIA CANTWELL,360                  U.S. SENATOR FROM WASHINGTON361362    Senator Cantwell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you363for this hearing. Congratulations, Mr. Isaacman on being364renominated to lead NASA and Mr. Haines on your nomination to365be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce. I too would like to366welcome our colleague, Senator Britt, from a state that has a367very robust aerospace community, and look forward to continuing368to work with her. And I would like to say a special welcome to369two Washingtonians who are here--Bill Nye, the Science Guy,370from Washington, and Mr. Detrick, who is Mr. Haines' father-in-371law. Great to have you here as well in support of him.372    Mr. Isaacman, I supported your nomination the first time373you came before the Committee, and I hope to do so again. I, as374the Chairman mentioned, hope to get you in this position before375the end of the year. But there is no secret that a lot of NASA376changes have been made since the last time you were before this377Committee, including the NASA decision to re-compete for the378Lunar Lander, the release of the President's proposed NASA379budget, which calls for cutting the agency's budget by nearly a380quarter in the workforce, and nearly a third of the science381funding cut in half.382    So given all that, I am glad you are here. I am glad you383are here to answer questions about NASA's future, and I hope384that today's hearing will show that there is bipartisan385agreement, strong bipartisan agreement, that we must redouble386our efforts to get American astronauts back to the surface of387the Moon as soon as possible.388    At our Committee hearing in November, we heard concerning389testimony from several expert witnesses who left little room390for doubt that the current SpaceX Lunar Lander would not be391ready to put Americans back on the Moon either in 2027 or 2028.392And we almost certainly would lose the race to China, and I393know that you are going to have robust competition. In394response, Acting Administrator Duffy reopened the contract and395its competition for the Lunar Lander that can be ready sooner,396by the end of 2028. And I think this was the correct decision,397and I expect you to continue executing on this plan, if398confirmed.399    To be clear, winning the race to the Moon is not just about400short-term token victories. It is the first step in401accomplishing a very long-term presence on the lunar surface,402which is strategic economically and is a national security403imperative. Mr. Isaacman, I expect to hear from you today about404how you will ensure we achieve these goals.405    NASA is also much more than just a moon exploration406program. The agency leads in a number of other vital strategic407missions, including aeronautic research, space technology and,408of course, the agency's critical science mission.409    NASA is one of the world's leading research and development410organizations. I think that is why we have, I don't know, about41150 people waiting outside to get in this hearing room. I think412they really believe you are going to get confirmed, and they413all want to be first in line to talk about all these414developments. NASA is one of the leading research and415development organizations and an agency that feeds a multiple416of sectors of innovation, including AI, quantum, advanced417aerospace materials, manufacturing, and aviation safety.418    You and I have had a chance to talk about this issue as it419relates to my home state. Over 1,500 companies form a robust420aerospace supply chain, including 40 Artemis Program suppliers,421and this issue of a tech hub working on next-generation422thermoplastics that is so critical to all space and aerospace423manufacturing to develop high-rate composite manufacturing424production.425    Nevertheless, as we have discussed these issues, OMB426Director Vought has been working to gut NASA's budget,427especially in science. Earlier this year, multiple NASA428whistleblowers provided evidence showing that OMB was pushing429NASA to implement the dangerous cuts requested in the430President's budget for Fiscal Year 2026, disregarding the law431and the impacts that this would leave on NASA. This is just432unacceptable. Mr. Isaacman, if confirmed, I expect you will433push back on these dangerous ideas and advocate for NASA's434budget.435    Oh, I also invite you to visit Washington State. We would436love to continue this discussion on how to generate the next437aviation innovation. It is clear that there is a lot going on438that will help us on the Moon-to-Mars mission, not just the 40439Artemis suppliers, but a lot of other issues in how to440guarantee our satellite communication for the future and how to441make sure that is secure. So thank you again for your442willingness to step up to these challenges.443    Turning to you, Mr. Haines, if confirmed as the Assistant444Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Analysis you will be445responsible for strengthening the globe's competitiveness in446U.S. industry and overseeing key trade analyses. You would lead447a team charged with value-added analysis and tools to support448economic policy decisions. No doubt, there has been a big sea449change since COVID about supply chain issues and supply chain450vulnerabilities and the interest that Commerce play a larger451role in identifying those risk sectors.452    Myself and Senator Risch have been leading a charge on453fusion technology and hoping that we can be very aggressive on454supply chain issues if, in fact, fusion technology gets to the455actual point of manufacturing in the United States.456    So I look forward to working with you on those supply chain457issues, and I want us to continue to know that we have to458reduce tariffs. In my mind, tariffs are causing Americans to be459challenged on affordability issues, and I look forward to460working with you and asking you questions about that agenda as461well. And welcome to our colleague from Tennessee, Senator462Hagerty.463    Chairman Cruz. Thank you. I will now turn to our colleague464from the great state of Tennessee, Senator Hagerty, to465introduce Mr. Haines. Senator Hagerty, welcome to the466Committee.467468                STATEMENT OF HON. BILL HAGERTY,469                  U.S. SENATOR FROM TENNESSEE470471    Senator Hagerty. Thank you, Chairman Cruz and Ranking472Member Cantwell. Thank you for holding this important hearing.473Mr. Isaacman, I want to congratulate you on your nomination and474look forward to your confirmation.475    The reason I am here today, though, is to introduce a476former staffer, a good friend, and a fellow Tennessean, Steven477Haines. Steven Haines is President Trump's nominee to serve as478Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Analysis.479    But before I get into his introduction I would like to480actually address all of the staff sitting along the walls here481today. I hope you will take a lesson from Steven Haines. He did482a remarkable job serving on my team, a great member of my483national security team, and frankly, touched many aspects of484our office. He is taking that knowledge and moving it into the485administrative branch, in the Executive Branch in this486Administration, and he is going to go on to do great things.487And I just think it is a testament to the fact that the hard488work that all of you put in, on both sides of the aisle, to489support our Nation and to generate the type of opportunities we490want to see for our children and grandchildren, can manifest491itself in a career like Steven's. And I hope, Steven, that you492will continue to advance your career. It is one of the greatest493honors I have to be here and speak on behalf of my former494staffer, and to all of you. Thank you for your hard work that495you do every day, and I hope that someday I will be seeing you496sitting in a seat just like Steven.497    Steven was one of my national security advisors for 2498years. His counsel was critical, covering nearly every issue499that came to my office, from supporting my role as Ranking500Member of the Banking and National Security Subcommittee that501covers export controls and CFIUS work to State Department502reauthorization and consular issues on the Senate Foreign503Relations Committee, to the important work of funding the504government through the appropriations process, there was not505much that Steven did not touch in my office.506    Before his time in the Senate, Steven served as a507Presidential Management Fellow, then as a Foreign Affairs508Officer at the Department of State's Bureau of East Asian and509Pacific Affairs. Steven is a graduate of the University of510Nevada and holds a masters in Asian Studies from the George511Washington University Elliott School of International Affairs.512    Steven's understanding of how Federal agencies operate and513his deep knowledge of foreign policy and national security were514evident from the first day he joined my team. This expertise515served the constituents of Tennessee remarkably well, and his516love for this country and serving the American people is517palpable.518    He is a man of conviction, a man of loyalty and integrity,519and precisely the caliber of person we need serving in520government.521    I thank you for considering Steven's nomination, and I522encourage my colleagues to support his nomination as he523advances his call to public service. Congratulations, Steven.524Thank you.525    Chairman Cruz. Thank you, Senator Hagerty. I will now turn526to our colleague, Senator Sheehy, to introduce Mr. Isaacman.527Senator Sheehy, the floor is yours.528529                 STATEMENT OF HON. TIM SHEEHY,530                   U.S. SENATOR FROM MONTANA531532    Senator Sheehy. Thank you, Chairman. Welcome back, Jared. I533would say this is a once-in-a-lifetime experience, but I think534we are on number two now. Monica, great to see you. Thanks for535bringing the girls.536    Before I introduce Jared, Chairman, I would like to enter537in 40 letters of support for Mr. Isaacman's nomination, please.538    Chairman Cruz. Without objection.539    Senator Sheehy. Thank you.540    [The information referred to follows:]541542                         Interplanetary Chamber of Commerce543                                                   December 1, 2025544545Senator Ted Cruz,546Chair,547Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,548Washington, DC.549550Senator Maria Cantwell,551Ranking Member,552Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,553Washington, DC.554555Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,556557    On behalf of the Interplanetary Chamber of Commerce (ICoC) and our558members spanning six continents across the global space economy, we559write in strong support of the confirmation of Jared Isaacman as560Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration561(NASA).562    Mr. Isaacman represents a new generation of leadership uniquely563suited to NASA's current moment. As a civilian astronaut, accomplished564pilot, entrepreneur, and philanthropist, he brings rare, firsthand565experience operating at the intersection of human spaceflight, advanced566technology, risk management, and mission execution. His leadership of567pioneering missions has demonstrated not only operational excellence568and safety discipline, but also a deep commitment to expanding access569to space and inspiring global participation in space exploration.570    Equally important is Mr. Isaacman's proven ability to work571constructively with the commercial sector while respecting public572mission objectives. NASA's success over the next decade will depend573upon deep, trusted partnerships with industry across launch,574spacecraft, communications, data, and emerging in-space infrastructure.575Mr. Isaacman's experience building and leading complex organizations,576while collaborating with government agencies and international577partners, positions him exceptionally well to guide NASA through this578era of sustained lunar activity, preparation for Mars, and expansion of579the broader space economy.580    From our international perspective, NASA's leadership sets the tone581not only for U.S. space policy, but for global norms in safety,582interoperability, sustainability, and responsible exploration. Mr.583Isaacman understands the importance of these principles and has584consistently demonstrated a values-driven approach that aligns585innovation with long-term stewardship and public benefit.586    The Interplanetary Chamber of Commerce represents companies and587institutions engaged in space across civil, commercial, academic, and588emerging market sectors worldwide. Our members strongly believe that589Mr. Isaacman's confirmation would strengthen NASA's role as a catalyst590for innovation, international collaboration, and economic growth, while591maintaining its core mission of exploration, science, and inspiration.592    We respectfully urge the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and593Transportation, and the full United States Senate, to confirm Jared594Isaacman as NASA Administrator without delay.595            Respectfully,596                                               Tony LaRosa,597                                       Founder & Managing Director,598                                    Interplanetary Chamber of Commerce.599                                 ______600601                                                Axiom Space602                                                  November 19, 2025603604Chairman Ted Cruz,605U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,606Washington, DC.607608Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,609U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,610Washington, DC.611612Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:613614    On behalf of Axiom Space, I am writing to convey our strong support615for the confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman as Administrator of the616National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).617    NASA is entering the most consequential transition in human618spaceflight since the end of the Shuttle program, requiring decisive619leadership during this pivotal period for the United States' civil and620commercial space enterprises. The retirement of the International Space621Station in 2030 demands timely decisions and coordinated execution of622the Commercial Low-Earth Orbit Development (CLD) program to ensure a623smooth transition. Simultaneously, NASA is charged with beating624formidable geopolitical adversaries to the Moon and being the first one625to Mars.626    While the mission at hand is profound, these endeavors will serve627to organize and measure the best of our country's energies and skills.628A confirmed administrator is urgently needed to oversee and ensure that629the United States' national posture, technological superiority,630economic dominance, and international leadership in space are631maintained and advanced. Expeditiously approving the appointment of an632administrator avoids delaying critical programs at a moment when our633competitors, especially China, are accelerating their own LEO and Lunar634and Maritain initiatives.635    Axiom Space strongly believes that Mr. Isaacman's proven business636leadership, historic space achievements, and detailed understanding of637commercial capabilities positions him uniquely to navigate this638defining moment. Therefore, Axiom Space respectfully urges the639Committee to give full and favorable consideration to Mr. Jared640Isaacman's nomination.641            Sincerely,642                                      Dr. Jonathan Cirtain,643                             Chief Executive Officer and President,644                                                           Axiom Space.645                                 ______646647                                                 AstroForge648                                                   December 1, 2025649650Chairman Ted Cruz,651U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,652Washington, DC.653Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,654U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,655Washington, DC.656657Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,658659    On behalf of AstroForge, I am writing to express my strong support660for Jared Isaacman's nomination to serve as Administrator of the661National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).662    As the CEO of AstroForge, I lead an American space company that is663dedicated to making the United States less dependent on foreign-sourced664critical minerals by developing innovative mining technologies for665asteroids and terrestrial use cases. Our company is built on the belief666that private industry plays a critical role in propelling our Nation667forward by taking on extreme challenges. This is especially true in668space, where technical moon shots above often lead to advancements here669at home.670    The future that Mr. Isaacman envisions for space exploration,671science, and infrastructure is one that will make our Nation stronger.672He brings a rare combination of operational experience, aerospace673leadership, and a commitment to advancing U.S. capabilities in space674that could change our country's space program forever. These are675critical leadership skills we need at a time when space is more676contested and congested than ever before.677    In recent years, NASA has taken important steps to support public-678private partnerships, commercial innovation, and long-term exploration679architectures. We hope NASA continues to grow these types of efforts.680AstroForge is currently preparing to launch its third mission to a681target asteroid and is developing hardware to demonstrate space-based682mineral processing. Our work depends on continued stability and vision683at the agency level. I believe Mr. Isaacman is qualified to lead NASA684through its next chapter and will bring the right focus to ensure the685United States continues to lead in this critical domain.686    Thank you for your consideration,687            Sincerely,688                                              Matt Gialich,689                                           Chief Executive Officer,690                                                       AstroForge, Inc.691                                 ______692693                                          Firefly Aerospace694                                  Cedar Park, TX, November 25, 2025695696Chairman Ted Cruz,697U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,698Washington, DC.699700Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,701U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,702Washington, DC.703704Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,705706    On behalf of Firefly Aerospace, I am writing to convey Firefly's707support for the confirmation of Mr. Jared lsaacman to serve as the next708Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.709    Firefly is a Texas-born, Texas-proud public company that is710pioneering the next era of lunar exploration. We recently completed the711first successful commercial Moon landing for NASA's CLPS (Commercial712Lunar Payload Services) initiative and continue to set new responsive713space records as we launch, land, and orbit. We are expanding our714facility to concurrently build 4 lunar landers in Texas this year to715keep growing our capacity to meet the growing demand, while making716Texas the capital of Lunar Landers.717    This team of Fireflies embodies Texas's ''go big'' motto as we718tackle bold missions. We recognize and celebrate those with similar719values who push the boundaries of exploration and bring new innovative720strategies to keep America first in space--these are all721characteristics and core beliefs of Mr. lsaacman as he serves our722Nation.723    Mr. lsaacman's passion for space exploration is exemplified as he724self-funded five research-focused space missions, two of which have725been completed. During these missions, the crew conducted extensive726biomedical research, collaborating with top medical universities,727including Baylor College of Medicine in Texas. The objective of this728research supports human exploration beyond our planet. Other mission729objectives included carrying STEM-focused payloads and fundraising for730ST. Jude Children's Research Hospital. This selfless leadership will be731an asset for NASA.732    Mr. lsaacman further brings commercial CEO leadership that can733optimize NASA's business operations and ensure the most beneficial use734of taxpayer funds. As a successful entrepreneur of multiple companies,735Mr. lsaacman's track record is proven. His company Shift4 is an example736of more than two decades of successful operations, showcasing strategic737use of investment capital and innovation to support customers. He also738founded, grew and then sold a company that trained military pilots,739supporting the U.S. Air Force. He understands how commercial companies740can provide innovation in technology and business models that provide741game-changing capabilities for our Nation.742    This is a pivotal time for NASA, and a strong entrepreneur743visionary and strategic leader is required. Among its many missions and744activities, the agency is working to return astronauts to the Moon,745operating the International Space Stations, developing follow-on746commercial space stations, and exploring the solar system. In addition,747China's ambition to compete with U.S. leadership in space and build748international alliances to counter western-Democracy coalitions is a749critical issue this committee has rightly focused on. NASA's leadership750and subsequent activities over the next three years very well may751determine the balance of power in space, and Firefly is here to support752the Nation and NASA.753    With decades of experience as an entrepreneur, business leader, and754space pioneer, Mr. lsaacman is well suited to lead NASA. During Mr.755lsaacman's hearing before the committee in April 2025, he demonstrated756his understanding of the near-and long-term competition with China, as757well as his respect for Congress's oversight responsibilities and the758laws directing NASA's activities. Furthermore, Mr. lsaacman's selfless759pursuits in space exploration, research, STEM, philanthropy, and760serving our Nation support NASA's focus on space science, space761technology, aeronautics, and human exploration. Mr. lsaacman brings762ingenuity, business acumen, integrity, technical know-how, and a deep763passion that will position NASA to take on the many opportunities to764advance humankind and keep American first in space.765    On behalf of Firefly Aerospace and our more than 1,300 employees,766we fully support the confirmation of Mr. lsaacman and encourage this767committee confirm Jared lsaacman as NASA Administrator.768            Sincerely,769                                                 Jason Kim,770                                                               CEO,771                                                     Firefly Aerospace.772                                 ______773774                                                  Corillian775                                                   December 1, 2025776777Chairman Ted Cruz,778U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,779Washington, DC.780781Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,782U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,783Washington, DC.784785Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,786787    Our nation was the first to set foot on the moon, but our advantage788in space has been diminished by our adversaries. The future of789America's space program needs strong, visionary leadership to get the790United States back on track so we may survive and thrive in an791increasingly competitive landscape.792    Mr. Isaacman is the leader we need to shepherd NASA into this new793age.794    The next NASA Administrator will need to galvanize the public and795private sectors in order to push forward jaw-dropping technical796achievements. The next NASA Administrator will need to inspire a797generation of young people to take on scientific moonshots that are in798the national interest. Most importantly, the next NASA Administrator799will need to overcome fierce competition from adversaries who do not800share our same values or vision for space.801    Mr. Isaacman is the most capable leader to operationalize and802execute these mission-critical efforts.803    As the CEO of Corillian, I build and invest in defense and804aerospace companies. It's my job to spot talent--in founders and805businesses alike--and to make a determination on their ability to chart806a path forward amidst seemingly impossible odds. The role that the next807NASA Administrator is stepping into is challenging and will have long-808lasting repercussions for our Nation. I believe Mr. Isaacman is the809best person to take on that challenge.810    The United States will regain its position as the leader for space811innovation, but we need the right NASA Administrator to ensure this812outcome. Mr. Isaacman is the right leader for the job. Please support813his nomination.814            Respectfully,815                                               Steve Place,816                                                               CEO,817                                                             Corillian.818                                 ______819820                                                  Interlune821                                     Seattle, WA, November 21, 2025822823Chairman Ted Cruz,824U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,825Washington, DC.826827Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,828U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,829Washington, DC.830831Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:832833    On behalf of Interlune, I am honored to express my strong support834for the confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman as Administrator of the835National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).836    At Interlune, we are building innovative technologies to extract837and commercialize natural resources from space, starting with Helium-3,838to help establish a sustainable in-space economy led by the United839States. As a commercial space company, we understand that close840alignment between NASA's strategic direction and the growth of the841commercial space sector is critical. This alignment requires bold842vision, technical credibility, and a deep appreciation for the role of843private industry in expanding America's reach in space.844    Mr. Isaacman embodies these qualities. Across his career, he has845built and led multi-billion-dollar enterprises, managed complex846technical organizations, and worked extensively with the Federal847government--experience that will serve him well in leading an agency as848large and multifaceted as NASA. His companies are known for driving849innovation, reducing inefficiencies, and empowering high-performing850teams, all while expanding into new markets. Each of these851characteristics is essential as NASA navigates aging infrastructure,852budget pressures, and growing international competition.853    Just as importantly, Mr. Isaacman brings a rare perspective as a854commercial space pioneer. Through the Inspiration4 mission and his855subsequent spaceflights, including the first commercial spacewalk, he856has developed a deep understanding of the risks, rigor, and discipline857required to advance human spaceflight safely. He understands what it858will take to build a sustainable space economy rooted in public-private859partnership. For companies like Interlune that are committed to860unlocking commercial activity on the lunar surface, his leadership861would strengthen the collaboration needed to maintain U.S.862technological and economic advantage.863    Mr. Isaacman is uniquely prepared to guide NASA at this pivotal864moment. Interlune looks forward to working with Mr. Isaacman to ensure865that the United States remains the global leader in space. Thank you866for your consideration of this letter in support of Jared Isaacman's867confirmation as the Administrator of NASA.868            Sincerely,869                                              Rob Meyerson,870                                                               CEO,871                                                 Interlune Corporation.872                                 ______873874                                       Industrious Ventures875                                                  November 26, 2025876877Chairman Ted Cruz,878U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,879Washington, DC.880Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,881U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,882Washington, DC.883884Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:885886    On behalf of Industrious Ventures, a venture capital firm focused887on advancing America's industrial and aerospace leadership, I write to888express our strong support for the swift confirmation of Mr. Jared889Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and890Space Administration (NASA).891    As you know, NASA is a large and strategically important agency892that benefits significantly from stable leadership. The agency's893responsibilities span human exploration, space science, aeronautics,894technology development, and the inspiration of the next generation of895great scientists and engineers. NASA is simultaneously preparing for896sustained lunar operations under the Artemis Program, managing the897transition to commercial Low Earth Orbit destinations, and advancing898new programs in Earth observation and planetary science. These efforts899occur against the backdrop of increasing geopolitical competition.900Clear and consistent leadership will be essential as the agency makes901decisions that could shape the balance of power in space and on the902lunar surface for decades to come. For NASA to accomplish its long-term903objectives of permanent lunar habitation and scientific exploration to904better understand our place in the universe, it will require a905knowledgeable and transparent leader who can empower the numerous906stakeholders and contractors that support the Artemis Accords.907    Mr. Isaacman brings decades of operational, entrepreneurial, and908technical experience that make him well suited to lead NASA at this909pivotal time. His experience as commander of Inspiration4 and leader of910the Polaris Program reflects his deep understanding of human911spaceflight, mission preparation, crew safety, and spacecraft912operations. His testimony before the committee earlier this year showed913a clear appreciation for the strategic challenges facing the United914States, as well as respect for Congress's oversight responsibilities.915He has a comprehensive picture of the space industry and its916geopolitical forces, he has a palpable urgency, and he is driven to917ensure the U.S. plays the leading role in space development and918exploration.919    Mr. Isaacman has also shown a sincere commitment to all aspects of920NASA's mission portfolio, including science, aeronautics, technology,921and lunar exploration. His perspective is particularly valuable as NASA922continues to work closely with the commercial space sector. Companies923across our portfolio, including Stoke Space, which is developing fully924reusable launch systems, and Lunar Outpost, which is advancing lunar925mobility and robotics, represent only a small part of the broad926commercial ecosystem that relies on clear NASA leadership to guide927standards, support partnerships, and cultivate long-term industrial928growth. An informed Administrator is essential to ensuring that NASA929and commercial partners can work together effectively and objectively930to advance national interests and spread democratic values beyond earth931and into the stars.932    On behalf of Industrious Ventures, we respectfully request that the933committee prioritize Mr. Isaacman's confirmation, given the importance934and urgency of NASA's responsibilities and his demonstrated alignment935to NASA's mission.936            Sincerely,937                                               Mason Angel,938                                                  Founding Partner,939                                                  Industrious Ventures.940                                            Taylor Sargent,941                                                           Partner,942                                                  Industrious Ventures.943                                 ______944945                                         Intuitive Machines946                                                  26 November, 2025947948Chairman Ted Cruz,949U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation,950Washington, DC.951952Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,953U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation,954Washington, DC.955956Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,957958    On behalf of Intuitive Machines, I write in strong support of the959swift confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman as the next Administrator of960NASA.961    The United States is in a moment where execution and focus will962determine whether we maintain our lead in the strategic high ground of963space. Mr. Isaacman has already demonstrated an unambiguous commitment964to mission outcomes, cost discipline, and the urgency that this era965demands. His vision aligns directly with NASA's core mandate to achieve966what no other nation or organization can.967    Furthermore, we at IM believe that there must be a whole-of-968government effort to locate, extract, and secure lunar critical969minerals before China can assert control over lunar commerce. As a970Next-Gen Space Prime, we are ready to build, connect, and operate the971essential infrastructure required to establish industrial enterprise on972the Moon and create a sustainable path to Mars. This integrated973capability stack directly supports Mr. Isaacman's objectives: pulling974forward human exploration timelines, igniting a real orbital-to-lunar975economy, and making NASA a force multiplier for science.976    IM strongly agrees with his emphasis on speed and accountability.977Firm-fixed-price and service contracts that pay for performance are the978approach required to regain American momentum.979    Mr. Isaacman understands the stakes, and that China is moving fast.980The next three years will shape the balance of power in space, and NASA981cannot afford incremental thinking or business-as-usual management.982    Mr. Isaacman brings the needed operational discipline, technical983depth, and strategic clarity. For these reasons, Intuitive Machines984urges the Committee to advance his nomination without hesitation.985                                           Stephen Altemus,986                                           Chief Executive Officer,987                                                    Intuitive Machines.988                                 ______989990                                              Impulse Space991                                                  November 13, 2025992993Chairman Ted Cruz994U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,995Washington, DC.996997Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,998U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,999Washington, DC.10001001Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,10021003    On behalf of Impulse Space, I want to reiterate our strong support1004for the swift confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman as the Administrator1005of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).1006    The United States cannot afford to lose momentum in this defining1007decade for space leadership, and NASA stands at a pivotal moment. The1008agency needs leadership to guide it through an era of ambitious1009national goals in space exploration--an era defined by rapid innovation1010and unprecedented public-private collaboration.1011    At Impulse Space, we build in-space mobility vehicles to accelerate1012our future beyond Earth. We know firsthand that the next great era of1013space exploration demands a NASA Administrator who understands and1014embraces the commercial sector's growing capabilities. Mr. Isaacman is1015that leader; an accomplished entrepreneur, innovator, and astronaut, he1016embodies the qualities needed to lead NASA into this next chapter of1017exploration. His leadership would bring renewed energy, efficiency, and1018partnership to an agency whose success depends on collaboration with1019the commercial space sector.1020    The Senate has an opportunity to act decisively and ensure that1021NASA has the leadership it needs. We respectfully urge the Committee1022and the full Senate to move swiftly on Mr. Isaacman's confirmation so1023that he can begin leading NASA in this transformative moment for1024American space exploration.1025    Thank you again for your thoughtful consideration and for your1026continued support of America's leadership in space.1027            Sincerely,1028                                               Tom Mueller,1029                                                               CEO,1030                                                         Impulse Space.1031                                 ______10321033                                         Advanced Space LLC1034                                 Westminster, CO, November 17, 202510351036Hon. Ted Cruz,1037Chair,1038Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1039United States Senate,1040Washington, DC.10411042Hon. Maria Cantwell,1043Ranking Member,1044Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1045United States Senate,1046Washington, DC.10471048Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:10491050    I write to you in my capacity as Chief Executive Officer of1051Advanced Space LLC, a U.S.-based aerospace services company committed1052to supporting national space policy, human spaceflight, and commercial1053partnerships--to express my strong support for the confirmation of1054Jared Isaacman as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space1055Administration (NASA).1056    Mr. Isaacman brings a rare combination of entrepreneurial vigor,1057operational aerospace experience, and a personal record of spaceflight.1058His background as a private astronaut, pilot, business leader, and1059space-mission pioneer positions him uniquely to help NASA navigate the1060evolving landscape of commercial space, international competition, and1061human exploration. Multiple organizations in the space sector, such as1062the Commercial Space Federation, have similarly recognized his1063qualifications and urged a timely confirmation.1064    From our vantage at Advanced Space, this critical time in space1065exploration demands bold leadership at NASA. The United States is1066facing increasingly capable space competitors, and the commercial1067sector is moving at a pace that challenges traditional institutional1068models. Mr. Isaacman understands both sides of this coin--how1069government and commercial actors must collaborate, and how to execute1070ambitious missions with agility and accountability.1071    I believe his leadership would serve NASA and the Nation in several1072key ways:10731074  1.  Bridging Government and Commercial Space. Mr. Isaacman's1075        experience in privately funded spaceflight missions gives him1076        an acute understanding of the commercial sector's capabilities,1077        risks, and innovation cycles. That insight is valuable for NASA1078        as it implements public-private partnerships, optimizes1079        procurement, and leverages the commercial space economy for1080        national benefit.10811082  2.  Business Leadership & Results Orientation. His entrepreneurial1083        track record--building high-growth enterprises, managing risk,1084        and delivering results--augments NASA's need for leadership1085        that can manage large, complex programs while fostering1086        innovation, cost discipline, and performance accountability.10871088  3.  Vision for Exploration and Inspiration. Mr. Isaacman has spoken1089        clearly about advancing not only lunar objectives but also Mars1090        and beyond, and about ensuring NASA remains a global leader in1091        science, technology, exploration, and workforce inspiration.1092        That vision aligns well with America's long-term strategic1093        interest in space.10941095    At Advanced Space, our work frequently involves collaboration with1096NASA centers and we welcome leadership that is open to new modalities1097of partnership, mission assurance, cost-conscious execution, and1098renewed urgency. In Mr. Isaacman, we believe there is the potential to1099advance all of these.1100    In closing, I respectfully urge the Committee to consider Mr.1101Isaacman's confirmation with priority and to forward his nomination1102favorably to the full Senate. America's next chapter in space1103exploration--human, robotic, and commercial--deserves leadership that1104matches the moment. I believe Mr. Isaacman is ready to lead.1105    Thank you for your careful consideration of this endorsement. I am1106available to provide any further context or comment the Committee may1107require.1108            Sincerely,1109                                          Bradley Cheetham,1110                                           Chief Executive Officer.1111                                 ______11121113                                           Relativity Space1114                                  Long Beach, CA, November 20, 202511151116Chairman Ted Cruz,1117U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1118Washington, DC.11191120Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,1121U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1122Washington, DC.11231124Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,11251126    Relativity Space strongly supports the speedy confirmation of Jared1127Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and1128Space Administration (NASA). Relativity is developing Terran R, a1129medium-heavy reusable launch vehicle, which will launch from Cape1130Canaveral, FL next year. The company also undertakes ambitious research1131and development efforts focused on manufacturing and exploration1132applications tied to the Nation's most pressing requirements.1133    Mr. Isaacman is the right leader for the agency at this inflection1134point for global competition in space. He is clearly committed to an1135ambitious vision of American exploration leadership, enabled by a1136diverse and competitive launch ecosystem. He is well-qualified to1137quickly and realistically assess the challenges facing the agency and1138take swift action to build on Secretary Duffy's commendable work to1139accelerate America's return to the Moon and win the race to Mars.1140    As the primary commercial tenant at NASA Stennis Space Center,1141Relativity has partnered with NASA throughout the development of Terran1142R and will soon rely on NASA to enable the testing of hundreds of1143engines and dozens of integrated stages every year. Relativity is1144confident in Mr. Isaacman's support for Stennis, expanded commercial1145operations there, and maturing propulsion development and testing1146across the NASA enterprise.1147    Mr. Isaacman has already completed an extensive vetting process,1148won broad bipartisan support in the Senate, and continuously1149demonstrated his commitment to work with Congress and all stakeholders1150on NASA's path to modernization. It is critical that he be confirmed1151this year. Continued uncertainty may not only lead to lasting1152consequences for NASA's civil servants, launch providers, and1153industrial base--but undermine hard-won American global leadership at a1154time of Chinese ascendancy in orbit.1155    Relativity supports his confirmation without reservation and looks1156forward to continued partnership with NASA and this Committee.1157            Sincerely,1158                                              Joshua Brost,1159                                             Chief Revenue Officer,1160                                                 Relativity Space, Inc.1161                                 ______11621163                                                Space Tango1164                                    Lexington KY, November 26, 202511651166Chairman Ted Cruz,1167U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1168Washington, DC.1169Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,1170U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1171Washington, DC.11721173Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,11741175    On behalf of Space Tango, I am writing to convey our strong support1176for the swift confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as1177Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration1178(NASA).1179    Space Tango is an Implementation Partner for the ISS National1180Laboratory and a supporting partner on NASA's AVATAR program with it's1181maiden flight on Artemis II. Our mission is to build a robust1182commercial economy in low-Earth orbit and beyond, translating space-1183based research into meaningful terrestrial value across healthcare and1184medicine. NASA remains a vital partner in this mission, and effective1185execution of these efforts requires a confirmed Administrator with the1186vision and expertise to drive innovation and strengthen U.S. industry1187partnerships.1188    Mr. Isaacman's decades of experience as an entrepreneur, business1189leader, and space pioneer uniquely position him for this role. His1190April 2025 testimony underscored a clear understanding of the strategic1191competition with China and NASA's critical role in sustaining American1192innovation and economic growth. We especially value his commitment to1193ensuring NASA remains a force-multiplier for science, a philosophy that1194aligns closely with Space Tango's work to translate research into1195commercial value.1196    Mr. Isaacman's ingenuity, business acumen, and entrepreneurial1197spirit will strengthen NASA at a moment when the stakes for U.S.1198leadership could not be higher. On behalf of Space Tango, I1199respectfully urge the Committee to prioritize Mr. Isaacman's1200confirmation and provide NASA with the stable, dynamic leadership1201needed to advance the Nation's strategic and economic interests in1202space.1203    Thank you for your consideration.1204            Sincerely,1205                                           Twyman Clements,1206                                          President and Co-Founder,1207                                                           Space Tango.1208                                 ______12091210                                                   K2 Space1211                                                   December 2, 202512121213Chairman Ted Cruz ,1214U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and1215Transportation.Washington, DC12161217Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,1218U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1219Washington, DC.12201221Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:12221223    On behalf of K2 Space, a new space company manufacturing high power1224satellites at scale, we write to convey our strong support for the1225swift confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as Administrator of1226the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NASA plays a1227central and enduring role in America's scientific progress and economic1228competitiveness. As global competition intensifies, America's ability1229to maintain leadership in space exploration, cislunar development, and1230space-based science and research has never been more important.1231    Mr. Isaacman's extensive experience as a business leader,1232entrepreneur, and space pioneer make him the right person to lead NASA1233into this new chapter. Many on our team have worked with Mr. Isaacman1234in the past and all have spoken about his unwavering commitment to the1235furthering of space exploration and science. A NASA Administrator who1236understands the value of public-private cooperation is essential to1237sustaining the agency's momentum over the past decade to leverage1238commercial space companies to accelerate innovation, reduce costs, and1239strengthen the U.S. industrial base.1240    K2 Space was founded as a commercial space company with the1241ultimate goal of using its new class of spacecraft to explore and1242develop the solar system. We stand ready and eager to work with Mr.1243Isaacman to ensure that NASA's missions continue to benefit from the1244agility and technological strength of the U.S. commercial sector.1245            Sincerely,1246                                              Karan Kunjur,1247                                                Co-Founder and CEO,1248                                                              K2 Space.1249                                               Neel Kunjur,1250                                                Co-Founder and CTO,1251                                                              K2 Space.1252                                 ______12531254                                       Voyager Technologies1255                                      Denver, CO, November 25, 202512561257Chairman Ted Cruz,1258U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1259Washington, DC.12601261Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,1262U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1263Washington, DC.12641265Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:12661267    On behalf of Voyager Technologies (VOYG NYSE), I am writing to send1268our wholehearted support for the swift confirmation of Mr. Jared1269Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and1270Space Administration (NASA).1271    NASA plays an indispensable role in safeguarding America's1272leadership in space. At a moment when China is executing a long-term,1273centrally coordinated campaign to surpass the United States in low-1274Earth orbit (LEO), cislunar space, and deep space exploration, the need1275for Senate-confirmed leadership at NASA could not be more urgent.1276China's rapid advances--including its planned permanent presence on the1277lunar surface, partnerships with nations seeking alternatives to U.S.-1278led coalitions, and a concerted effort to dominate LEO as the ISS nears1279retirement--present a direct challenge to America's ability to shape1280norms, alliances, and the economic foundation of the space industrial1281base.1282    Stable, confirmed leadership at NASA is essential to ensuring the1283United States does not experience a gap in human presence in LEO, a gap1284in national laboratory capabilities, or a gap in U.S. industrial1285momentum--all cornerstones of our national leadership in space for1286decades. The Administrator will be required to make crucial decisions1287regarding commercial destination development, cargo and crew services,1288and the long-term framework that will define America's post-ISS1289strategy in LEO and cislunar space. These decisions carry profound1290implications not only for exploration, but for national security,1291diplomacy, scientific research, and the emerging commercial space1292economy.1293    Mr. Jared Isaacman is exceptionally qualified to guide NASA through1294this pivotal period. His experience as an entrepreneur and operator in1295complex, safety-critical environments, along with his achievements as a1296pioneering commercial astronaut, provides him with a rare combination1297of operational experience, technical insight, vision, and understanding1298of the importance of a robust commercial ecosystem. His testimony1299before the Committee in April 2025 demonstrated a clear understanding1300of the long-term strategic competition with China, and the strategic1301importance of accelerating U.S. progress in space commercialization. He1302also expressed strong support for Congress's oversight role and the1303statutory direction governing NASA's activities.1304    Mr. Isaacman's record of innovation, mission execution, and1305commitment to public-private partnership aligns precisely with the1306challenges facing NASA today--from ensuring uninterrupted American1307presence in LEO, to strengthening Artemis, to advancing the1308technologies needed for exploration beyond the Moon. His leadership1309would provide NASA with the stability, technical acumen, and decisive1310management approach required to position NASA for long-term success.1311    I respectfully urge the Committee to prioritize and expedite Mr.1312Isaacman's confirmation. The stakes for American leadership in space--1313scientific, economic, and strategic--could not be higher.1314            Sincerely,1315                                              Dylan Taylor,1316                                                  Chairman and CEO,1317                                                  Voyager Technologies.1318                                 ______13191320                                                 Vaya Space1321                                        Cocoa, FL, December 1, 202513221323Chairman Ted Cruz,1324U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1325Washington, DC.13261327Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,1328U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1329Washington, DC.13301331Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:13321333    On behalf of Vaya Space, a space and defense company located in the1334Space Coast of Florida, I am writing to express our support for the1335confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the1336National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).1337    Vaya Space is focused on advancing hybrid propulsion, improving1338launch safety, and strengthening the small-launch ecosystem in the1339United States. NASA's leadership directly affects how emerging1340technologies mature, how new launch capabilities are integrated, and1341how the United States maintains competitiveness in an evolving global1342space environment. We believe Mr. Isaacman would provide steady,1343practical leadership that supports these goals.1344    Mr. Isaacman's background gives him a working understanding of the1345needs of payload customers and the realities faced by launch providers.1346His experience supporting commercial missions and investing in new1347technologies reflects an appreciation for the importance of expanding1348domestic launch capacity and encouraging a wider range of American1349launch solutions.1350    On behalf of the entire Vaya Space team, I respectfully request1351that you prioritize Mr. Isaacman's confirmation.1352            Sincerely,1353                                          Kevin Lowdermilk,1354                                           Chief Executive Officer,1355                                                            Vaya Space.1356                                 ______13571358                                             Plan Z Capital1359                                                  November 28, 202513601361Chairman Ted Cruz,1362U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1363Washington, D.C.1364Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,1365U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1366Washington, DC.13671368Re: Letter of Support for Jared Isaacman as NASA Administrator13691370Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,13711372    On behalf of Plan Z Capital, I am writing to convey my strongest1373support for the confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as the next1374Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.1375    My name is Tejpaul Bhatia and I am the founder and CEO of Plan Z1376Capital, the economic operating system for space. I was most recently1377CEO of Axiom Space and prior to that a long time entrepreneur and tech1378executive.1379    I joined the space industry five years ago with a clear mission: to1380commercialize space. In that short time, I demonstrated how trust,1381consistency, and an unwavering belief in achieving the impossible drove1382billions of dollars of undeniable value, revenue, and capital into the1383global space economy. In my time at Axiom, I worked closely with NASA1384and the former administrator to expand access to space for everyone1385through the historic Axiom human spaceflight missions that put India,1386Italy, Poland, Sweden, Hungary, Turkiye, and Saudi Arabia in space,1387alongside commercial partners like Amazon, Dallara, Oakley, Nokia,1388Prada, and many others.1389    I mention this track record to highlight a critical reality:1390outsiders drive outsized impact.1391    As I transition to launching and building Plan Z Capital, I1392recognize that the space market is ripe for business model innovation1393across all sectors. However, the status quo--``Plan A''-is too linear,1394conventional, and predictable. It relies on accepting yesterday's1395approach. For NASA to maintain American leadership in an increasingly1396contested global domain, Plan A is no longer enough.1397    We need an asymmetric leap. We need leadership that has the1398audacity to find the win when there is no playbook. Mr. Isaacman1399represents the ``Plan Z'' mindset. He does not simply accept the first1400answer; he taps into collective exceptionalism to engineer the1401inevitable. His track record with Shift4 and the Polaris Program1402demonstrates that he understands what it takes to take civilization1403off-planet. He understands that with government support as the1404foundation, global investors need the financial and geo-political1405infrastructure to back endeavors that push the frontier.1406    The time for commercial space is now. The ``now'' is ours to build.1407Mr. Isaacman possesses the ingenuity, the commercial acumen, and the1408perspective required to ensure NASA does not just oversee the future,1409but actively defines it.1410    I urge the committee to confirm Jared Isaacman as NASA1411Administrator.1412            Sincerely,1413                                            Tejpaul Bhatia,1414                                                   Founder and CEO,1415                                                    Plan Z Capital Inc.1416                                 ______14171418                                  Seagate Space Corporation1419                                                  November 30, 202514201421Chairman Ted Cruz,1422U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1423Washington, DC.14241425Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,1426U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1427Washington, DC.14281429Dear Members of the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and1430    Transportation:14311432    As the Chief Executive Officer of Seagate Space Corporation, a1433maritime venture developing offshore infrastructure for the space1434industry, I am writing to convey our company's support for the swift1435confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the1436National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).1437    The United States stands at a critical juncture in the global race1438for space innovation. As China accelerates its investments in advanced1439aerospace capabilities, our Nation must ensure that innovation keeps1440pace--not only through government programs but by empowering commercial1441solutions that can move faster and take calculated risks. NASA will1442remain the cornerstone of America's space ambitions, but its success1443increasingly depends on partnership with private entities who can1444complement government efforts with agility and boldness. I believe1445Jared Isaacman is an exemplar of this imperative that our Nation can1446rally around.1447    Mr. Isaacman's record as a bold entrepreneur and risk taker1448underscores why his nomination is timely for NASA. He has shown a1449willingness to push boundaries that show the best of collaboration1450between private industry and NASA, done with his own capital and1451directly participating in the missions. These qualities and firsthand1452experience are essential for maintaining U.S. leadership in an era1453where speed, adaptability, and innovation are decisive. I look forward1454to seeing the impact Mr. Isaacman can have when he is entrusted with1455the resources of NASA, a national jewel that has put the fingerprints1456of our Nation upon the heavens.1457    I respectfully request that you prioritize Mr. Isaacman's1458confirmation and express our full support for him as NASA's next1459administrator.1460            Sincerely,1461                                          Michael Anderson,1462                                           Chief Executive Officer,1463                                             Seagate Space Corporation.1464                                 ______14651466                                              Johns Hopkins1467                                 Applied Physics Laboratory1468                                                  November 12, 202514691470Ranking Member Chris Van Hollen,1471Washington, DC.14721473Senator Angela Alsobrooks,1474Washington, DC.14751476Dear Ranking Member Van Hollen and Senator Alsobrooks:14771478    I am writing to convey my full support for the confirmation of Mr.1479Jared Isaacman as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space1480Administration (NASA). NASA and Maryland will both benefit from Jared's1481leadership as NASA Administrator.1482    I've spent my 35-year career working across the U.S. space program1483as a NASA civil servant, an aerospace engineering faculty member in1484academia, and as the NASA Chief Technologist in 2010 and 2011. I also1485led multiple space science teams at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory1486before joining APL.1487    Our nation needs a strong NASA, and that requires decisive and1488innovative leadership. Jared Isaacman will bring these qualities to the1489Agency. He possesses deep experience across aeronautics and space, has1490worked with NASA to push humanity's boundaries outward, and understands1491that U.S. space leadership is of paramount importance to our Nation1492today. Jared has expressed to me his strong desire to improve and1493expedite NASA's space science enterprise, which the Nation and Maryland1494need now more than ever.1495    Jared cares deeply about the balanced, multi-mission nature of the1496Agency and its talented people. As you know, Jared bravely led two1497spaceflight missions himself and conducted the first-ever spacewalk by1498a private astronaut. From my conversations with Jared, I am confident1499he has what it takes to lead NASA during this important time, as the1500Nation looks to return to the Moon, go to Mars, and execute first-of-a-1501kind space science missions that are crucial to our society and engage1502the science and technology community across the state of Maryland.1503    I ask that you meet with Jared and support him in the upcoming1504confirmation process in the Senate. NASA is in need of decisive and1505stable leadership to achieve its ambitious goals. I know that Jared is1506the right person to lead the Agency at this time.1507            Sincerely,1508                                           Robert D. Braun,1509                                    Head, Space Exploration Sector.1510cc: Chairman Ted Cruz1511Ranking Member Maria Cantwell1512                                 ______15131514                                              Redwire Space1515                            Jacksonville, Florida, December 1, 202515161517Hon. Ted Cruz,1518Chairman,1519Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,1520United States Senate,1521Washington, DC.1522Hon. Maria Cantwell,1523Ranking Member,1524Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,1525United States Senate,1526Washington, DC.15271528Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:15291530    On behalf of all of us at Redwire Space with facilities across the1531United States including Indiana, Colorado, Massachusetts, and New1532Mexico, it is our pleasure to express strong support for the1533confirmation of Jared Isaacman as NASA Administrator.1534    Mr. Isaacman has a singular background with an unprecedented1535understanding of the private sector. For example, we're grateful that1536Mr. Isaacman has already noted the importance of space-based1537pharmaceutical and biotech development. At Redwire, via our1538BioFabrication Facility on the International Space Station (ISS), we1539printed the first ever human meniscus in space, and also printed live1540cardiovascular tissue, which was returned to Earth while still live.1541The ability to leverage the microgravity environment to print biologic1542tissues and eventually whole organs in space has tremendous potential.1543Additionally, we have flown 42 Pharmaceutical In-Space Laboratories1544(PIL-BOXes) on the ISS, which have demonstrated that larger and more1545uniform pharmaceutical seed crystals can be grown in the microgravity1546environment, which can then be used to create new drug formulations1547with better efficacy, longevity, and fewer side effects. The space and1548biotech fields are about to merge in a way that will transform both1549industries, and we believe Mr. Isaacman is ideally suited to support1550and accelerate this technological revolution.1551    As a commercial entrepreneur, Mr. Isaacman has an innate1552understanding of the private sector and the support companies will need1553to transform ideas into reality. NASA is at an inflection point with1554the introduction of commercial space stations, and Mr. Isaacman has1555substantial commercial and even human spaceflight experience that will1556allow him to guide the agency through this critical period. NASA must1557ensure that America remains the global leader in microgravity,1558research, development, and manufacturing and, again, we're confident1559that Mr. Isaacman's background is uniquely suited to ensure that1560America maintains a continuous crewed presence in Low Earth Orbit1561(LEO), avoids a gap in crewed operations, and always has more1562capabilities and astronauts in LEO than China or other adversary1563nations.1564    Moreover, America must beat China to the Moon and on the Moon. We1565believe that Mr. Isaacman can guarantee this occurs by leveraging the1566incredible work that was done to secure vital funding in the One Big1567Beautiful Bill Act. As an astronaut who enjoys the endorsement of1568numerous other astronauts, we're confident that Mr. Isaacman is1569personally dedicated to making certain that America and its1570international partners reach the Moon before China. Additionally, with1571the funding provided by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, we also believe1572Mr. Isaacman will support the creation of critical infrastructure such1573as Gateway, to enable long-duration stays on the Moon while maintaining1574American credibility, relationships, and contributions from our1575important international partners here on Earth.1576    Finally, we believe Mr. Isaacman will bring a new and vital energy1577to NASA, looking at enhanced efficiencies such as centralizing human1578spaceflight at Johnson Space Center, creative public-private1579partnerships, and ensuring that NASA plays a pro-active role in1580addressing regulatory challenges such as export control, obsolete1581planetary protection policies, and adopting a pro-growth mission1582authorization regime.1583    For all of these reasons, we respectfully request that you support1584the confirmation of Mr. Isaacman with alacrity. If I can provide1585additional information or answer questions, please feel free to reach1586out to me at any time. My e-mail address is1587Michael.Gold@redwirespace.com and my cell phone number is (202) 997-15883230.1589    Thank you for your time and attention to this nomination.1590            Sincerely,1591                                              Michael Gold,1592                       President, Civil and International Business,1593                                                         Redwire Space.1594                                 ______15951596                                          SmallSat Alliance1597                                                   December 1, 202515981599Chairman Ted Cruz,1600U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1601Washington, DC.1602Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,1603U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1604Washington, DC.16051606Subject: SmallSat Alliance--Letter of Support for Jared lsaacman16071608Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:16091610    On behalf of the SmallSat Alliance, representing more than SO1611companies across America's rapidly growing commercial space sector. I1612write to express our strong support for the swift confirmation of Mr.1613Jared lsaacman as Administrator of NASA1614    NASA is entering one of the most consequential periods in its1615history. China is executing a centralized, state-directed strategy to1616challenge U.S. leadership across human spaceflight, cislunar1617operations, science, and Earth observation. Beijing is seeking to1618proliferate its standards, secure coalitions contrary to American1619goals, and dominate the space technology leadership that will shape the1620next SO years in space. In this environment, NASA requires confirmed1621leadership with the credibility to move fast, partner effectively, and1622leverage America's innovation economy and free-market industrial base.1623    Over the last 15 years, NASA has pioneered and perfected the1624public-private partnership model that has become the backbone of U.S.1625space success. Commercial Cargo and Crew, Commercial Lunar Payload1626Services, and the emerging commercial space station ecosystem have1627proven that competition, private capital, and commercially derived1628architectures deliver capability with greater speed, lower cost, and1629far greater resilience. These models have been so successful that the1630Department of Defense is now following them as it shifts away from1631legacy, monolithic systems.1632    NASA's Earth Science division has similarly led the Federal1633government in adopting hybrid space architectures by integrating1634commercial small satellites, hosted payloads, and commercial data1635services to improve revisit rates and global coverage. These hybrid1636approaches are enhancing national resilience and provide climate and1637environmental insights essential to policymakers, farmers, emergency1638managers, and scientists at a fraction of traditional program costs. We1639must continue to evolve and perfect these approaches as China races to1640deploy its own global remote sensing and environmental monitoring1641systems.1642    Mr. lsaacman is uniquely qualified to advance this strategy. As an1643entrepreneur, operator, and space pioneer, he has spent decades proving1644that competitive, commercial approaches can meet national needs better1645and faster than traditional models. His testimony before this Committee1646in April 2025 demonstrated a clear understanding of the long-term1647strategic competition with China and the need for NASA to continue1648leaning into the commercial partnerships it created and perfected. He1649recognizes that maintaining U.S. leadership will require broadening and1650making even more competitive the successful frameworks that have made1651America the global leader in launch, human spaceflight, and space-based1652services. '1653    For these reasons, and on behalf of the members of the SmallSat1654Alliance, I respectfully urge you to prioritize Mr. Isaacman's1655confirmation. The United States cannot afford further delay. NASA needs1656a leader who understands that America1657wins in space by harnessing the speed, innovation, and competitive1658power of its commercial sector.1659    Thank you for your consideration.1660            Sincerely,1661                                           Dr. Angel Smith,1662                                                Executive Director,1663                                                     SmallSat Alliance.1664                                 ______16651666                                                     Sedaro1667                                                   December 2, 202516681669Hon. Ted Cruz,1670Chair,1671Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,1672United States Senate1673Washington, DC1674Hon. Maria Cantwell,1675Ranking Member,1676Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,1677United States Senate,1678Washington, DC.16791680Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,16811682    On behalf of Sedaro, I am writing to express our strong support for1683the nomination of Mr. Jared Isaacman as the next Administrator of NASA.1684His operational experience, commercial leadership, and commitment to1685U.S. space innovation aligns directly with the transformational moment1686NASA now faces.1687    Sedaro's origins trace to NASA-supported research that helped1688catalyze our technical foundation. Yet as we scaled, structural and1689bureaucratic hurdles made it difficult for emerging, modern commercial1690solutions to transition from R&D into operational use. That experience1691gives us a clear perspective: NASA's talent and ingenuity are1692unmatched, but traditional acquisition processes often prevent the1693agency from fully benefiting from the speed, flexibility, and1694innovation now commonplace in the commercial sector.1695    Mr. Isaacman is precisely the kind of leader who can bridge that1696gap. His record across commercial spaceflight, high-performance1697aviation, and advanced mission architecture demonstrates technical1698fluency, disciplined execution, and a deep understanding of how1699commercial and government capabilities must work together to keep NASA1700at the forefront of global space leadership.1701    This leadership is especially critical in today's rapidly evolving1702and increasingly contested threat environment. U.S. competitors are1703accelerating development cycles and tightly integrating commercial-1704military space capabilities. NASA plays a foundational role in the1705broader U.S. space enterprise, with significant spillover into civil1706space, national security, and dual-use technologies. Few leaders1707understand this full landscape as clearly as Mr. Isaacman.1708    Mr. Isaacman has repeatedly championed the digital-first approaches1709necessary to transform how complex programs are conceived, tested, and1710delivered. Under his leadership, NASA can meaningfully accelerate this1711transformation, enabling the agency to:17121713   Adopt modern digital engineering as a core mission1714        capability;17151716   Accelerate collaboration with innovative commercial1717        partners;17181719   Strengthen the U.S. industrial base through dual-use, space-1720        relevant technologies;17211722   And reestablish itself as the global standard for technical1723        excellence and rapid program execution.17241725    NASA needs a leader with both pragmatic operational judgment and an1726aspirational vision for the future. Mr. Isaacman brings the discipline1727of an operator, the urgency of an entrepreneur, and the imagination of1728an explorer. His nomination is an opportunity to modernize the agency,1729inspire the nation, and ensure U.S. advantage across civil and national1730security space domains.1731    Sedaro stands ready to support the agency's forthcoming1732modernization efforts and to deepen collaboration with NASA under his1733leadership. We strongly endorse his nomination.1734            Sincerely,1735                                          Robbie Robertson,1736                                                CEO and Co-Founder,1737                                                                Sedaro.1738                                 ______17391740                                         Space for Humanity1741                                                   December 2, 202517421743Chairman Ted Cruz,1744U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1745Washington, DC.1746Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,1747U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1748Washington, DC.17491750Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,17511752    Space for Humanity offers its support for Mr. Jared Isaacman as the1753next NASA Administrator.1754    The United States stands at a critical juncture in space1755exploration. Global competitors are accelerating their capabilities,1756commercial industry is advancing at an unprecedented rate, and NASA's1757role as a scientific, economic, and diplomatic engine has never been1758more important. This moment demands a leader with strategic vision,1759operational rigor, and a deep understanding of the rapidly evolving1760space ecosystem. In short, this moment requires Mr. Isaacman. He is1761uniquely positioned to provide the vision, leadership, and stability1762NASA needs at this pivotal moment in its history.1763    Mr. Isaacman's track record speaks for itself. As an entrepreneur,1764aviator, and pioneering commercial astronaut, he has demonstrated the1765rare combination of technical fluency, risk-aware leadership, and long-1766term vision the agency needs. He has not only participated in the1767modern commercial space revolution, he has helped launch it.1768    America's commitment to space exploration has fueled many of1769humanity's greatest scientific and technological achievements. For more1770than 60 years, NASA has pushed the boundaries of discovery, deepened1771our understanding of the universe, and reminded us of our shared place1772in the cosmos. A bold, science-driven NASA will not only lead the world1773in returning us to the Moon and venturing on to Mars, but will also1774galvanize billions of onlookers, expand humanity's collective1775perspective, and help chart our course to becoming a truly spacefaring1776species. The agency's future hinges on the ability to unite science,1777exploration, innovation, and national competitiveness under a coherent,1778forward-looking strategy. Mr. Isaacman understands that a strong1779commercial space sector strengthens NASA, and a strong NASA uplifts the1780entire ecosystem.1781    While organizations like ours do not endorse political nominees, we1782deeply recognize the importance of stable, visionary leadership at1783NASA. It is for these reasons that we respectfully urge this committee1784to advance Mr. Isaacman's nomination. He has earned the trust of those1785building America's space future, and we are confident he will bring1786principled, forward-looking leadership to NASA at a moment when it1787matters most.1788    At Space for Humanity, we have long championed a future in which1789space is accessible, inclusive, and transformative for all people. We1790believe space is a catalyst for positive change. We thank you and the1791Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation for your1792consideration of this nomination, your ongoing legislative work, and1793for your continued dedication to America's leadership in space.1794            Respectfully,1795                                               Ryan Kriser,1796                                      Chairman, Board of Directors,1797                                                    Space For Humanity.1798                                          Antonio Peronace,1799                                                Executive Director,1800                                                    Space for Humanity.1801                                 ______18021803                                      The Spaceport Company1804                                                  November 30, 202518051806Chairman Ted Cruz,1807U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation1808Washington, DC.1809Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,1810U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.1811Washington, DC.18121813Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:18141815    NASA is in crisis. Lacking strategic direction, NASA's workforce,1816effectiveness, and international prestige are deteriorating. The United1817States desperately needs NASA to succeed to protect American national1818security. NASA plays an essential role countering malign foreign1819interests on the global stage, incubating bleeding edge technologies,1820deepening allied relationships, and motivating American youth to pursue1821challenging technical careers. A great NASA means a safer and more1822prosperous world for all Americans, and a more inspirational future for1823all humankind.1824    Mr. Jared Isaacman is the right person to restore NASA's greatness.1825He is accomplished yet modest, a technologist and a successful1826entrepreneur. In short, he is a person with the expertise, intellect,1827and temperament to advance America's national interests, revitalize1828NASA's workforce, and help America lead humanity to new frontiers in1829space.1830    Mr. Isaacman's hearing before the committee in April 20251831demonstrated his understanding of the near and long-term competition1832with China, as well as his respect for Congress's oversight1833responsibilities and the laws directing NASA's activities. Furthermore,1834Mr. Isaacman has shown his commitment to all parts of NASA--space1835science, space technology, aeronautics, and human exploration. Mr.1836Isaacman brings ingenuity, business acumen, technical know-how, and a1837deep passion to this role, which will position NASA to overcome its1838near-term challenges, and thrive over the long-term.1839    Therefore, I respectfully request you prioritize Mr. Isaacman's1840confirmation, given the criticality of NASA's many ongoing missions to1841American national security.1842            Sincerely,1843                                        Mr. Thomas Marotta,1844                                                               CEO,1845                                                 The Spaceport Company.1846                                 ______18471848                                    U.S. Travel Association1849                                   Washington, DC, December 2, 202518501851Hon. Ted Cruz,1852Chairman,1853U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1854Washington, DC.1855Hon. Maria Cantwell,1856Ranking Member,1857U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1858Washington, DC.18591860Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:18611862    As the leading voice of the travel industry, the U.S. Travel1863Association strongly supports the nomination of Steven Haines to serve1864as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Analysis, and we1865urge his swift confirmation.1866    The Department of Commerce plays a significant role in stimulating1867economic growth and prosperity in the United States, enhancing the1868international competitiveness of American industries, and promoting1869U.S. exports. Over the next decade, the United States will host an1870unprecedented number of global events, including America's 250th1871anniversary, the 2026 FIFA World Cup, the 2028 Summer Olympic and1872Paralympic Games in Los Angeles, and the 2034 Winter Olympic and1873Paralympic Games in Salt Lake City. These landmark events present1874extraordinary economic opportunities for communities across the country1875and will place the United States at the center of global attention.1876    Travel is one of America's largest exports, and international1877visitors to the United States generate substantial revenue for our1878economy, contributing $181 billion in U.S. exports in 2024. At the same1879time, we are projected to reach a $60 billion travel trade deficit by1880the end of this year, underscoring the urgent need for strong,1881coordinated Federal leadership to grow inbound travel and maximize our1882share of the global travel market. In this context, the role of the1883Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Analysis is more1884important than ever. Through leadership of the National Travel and1885Tourism Office and coordination with federal, state, and local1886partners, the Assistant Secretary plays a critical role in developing1887and implementing strategies to expand travel exports, strengthen1888America's economic competitiveness, and ensure we fully capitalize on1889the opportunities presented by this upcoming decade of major global1890events.1891    Mr. Haines brings a deep understanding of economic and1892international policy, legislative affairs, and the interagency process,1893and he is exceptionally well positioned to lead these efforts at a1894pivotal moment for the Nation. His experience will be invaluable in1895advancing a strategic approach to boost travel exports and support1896American jobs and communities nationwide.1897    It is crucial that we are prepared to maximize the opportunities of1898the major events that lie ahead. We look forward to working closely1899with Mr. Haines upon his confirmation, and we urge the Committee to1900report his nomination favorably to the full Senate as soon as possible.1901Thank you for your attention to this matter.1902            Sincerely,1903                                             Geoff Freeman,1904                                                 President and CEO,1905                                               U.S. Travel Association.1906                                 ______19071908                                                Stoke Space1909                                                  November 24, 202519101911Chairman Ted Cruz,1912U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1913Washington, DC.1914Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,1915U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1916Washington, DC.19171918Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:19191920    On behalf of Stoke Space, a Washington-based startup building the1921next-generation of fully reusable launch vehicles, I am writing to1922express strong support for Mr. Jared Isaacman's nomination as the1923National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Administrator.1924    As I noted during the Economist Space Summit on November 5, it is1925important for our national space program to have a clear direction and1926concrete future. Mr. Isaacman's distinguished record as an1927entrepreneur, business leader and commercial space pioneer renders him1928uniquely qualified for this critical role. He has demonstrated vision,1929discipline, and a proven ability to build and guide successful, high-1930performing organizations. His direct experience commanding the1931Inspiration4 and Polaris Dawn missions, coupled with his commitment to1932innovation, reflects both the spirit and the practical expertise1933necessary to guide NASA into its next era.1934    NASA's mission is vital to maintaining America's leadership in1935space exploration, scientific discovery, and technological advancement.1936Evolving this mission, as competition with peer and near-peer1937adversaries in space intensifies, will require tenacity, creativity and1938increasingly close collaboration with America's vibrant and growing1939commercial space ecosystem. Ultimately, it is the dynamism of our1940private sector coupled with NASA's proud tradition of pushing the1941boundaries of what is possible that will preserve and strengthen1942America's competitive edge in space. Mr. Isaacman's first-hand1943knowledge of our domestic commercial space sector and his commitment to1944advancing the cause of American primacy in space will ensure that our1945national space program has a clear direction and a concrete future.1946    We look forward to working closely with both Mr. Isaacman and our1947stakeholders on the Commerce Committee in the coming years to preserve1948and enhance American leadership in space. I respectfully encourage you1949and your colleagues to support Mr. Isaacman's confirmation as NASA1950Administrator.1951    Thank you for your consideration.1952            Sincerely,1953                                                Andy Lapsa,1954                                                               CEO,1955                                                           Stoke Space.1956                                 ______19571958                                              Starlab Space1959                                                  November 26, 202519601961Chairman Ted Cruz,1962U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1963Washington, DC.1964Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,1965U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,1966Washington, DC.19671968Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:19691970    On behalf of Starlab Space, I am writing to express our strong1971support for the swift confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as1972Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration1973(NASA).1974    NASA's leadership is foundational to sustaining America's1975preeminence in human space exploration. Today, China is executing a1976long-term strategy to expand its influence in space--establishing1977permanent operations in low-Earth orbit (LEO) as quickly as possible,1978pursuing sustained activity on the lunar surface, and deepening1979commercial and governmental partnerships with nations seeking1980alternatives to U.S.-led coalitions. As China accelerates these efforts1981and increasingly seeks to shape international norms and alignment, it1982is essential that the United States maintain a continuous human1983presence in LEO, advance the Artemis campaign, and ensure a seamless1984transition from the International Space Station (ISS) to commercial1985destinations. These are strategic imperatives that will determine1986whether the United States or China sets the standards for the next era1987of human spaceflight.1988    Starlab Space is proud to partner with NASA during this pivotal1989moment in history. We are constructing a next-generation commercial1990space station, built here in the U.S., supporting microgravity1991research, human spaceflight operations, and long-duration missions1992critical for the scientific community, commercial users, and1993international partners, as well as our national security. Delivering1994this capability on the timeline required to avoid a gap in permanent1995LEO presence is essential to ensuring the United States does not1996relinquish leadership to China. Doing so also demands clear, stable,1997Senate-confirmed leadership at NASA; leadership capable of guiding the1998agency's decisions on commercial destination development, LEO crew and1999cargo services, and the policy and programmatic frameworks that will2000define America's post-ISS future.2001    Mr. Isaacman understands what is at stake for the nations and2002brings a uniquely relevant combination of operational experience,2003technical proficiency, and firsthand understanding of human2004spaceflight. His accomplishments as an entrepreneur, mission commander,2005and commercial astronaut give him a rare perspective on the realities2006of crewed space operations and the role that innovative public-private2007partnerships must play in advancing national objectives. His engagement2008with policymakers and the broader space community reflects a clear2009grasp of the strategic competition unfolding in space and the urgent2010need to strengthen U.S. leadership across LEO and beyond.2011    On behalf of Starlab Space and our employees, I respectfully urge2012the Committee to advance Mr. Isaacman's confirmation without delay. His2013leadership will provide NASA with the strategic focus, operational2014credibility, and forward-leaning vision necessary to fortify America's2015position in LEO, advance human spaceflight, and ensure that the United2016States remains the world's leader in exploration for decades to come.2017            Sincerely,2018                                            Marshall Smith,2019                                           Chief Executive Officer,2020                                                         Starlab Space.2021                                 ______20222023                                   Selene Space Corporation2024                                                  November 26, 202520252026Chairman Ted Cruz,2027U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation,2028Washington, DC.2029Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,2030U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation.2031Washington, DC.20322033Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:20342035    On behalf of Selene Space Corporation, I am writing to express my2036strong support for the nomination of Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as the2037next Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space2038Administration.2039    Selene is a new American orbital infrastructure company focused on2040ensuring that the United States maintains leadership in low Earth orbit2041(LEO) and on the Moon. We are building the next generation of large2042commercial space stations designed to replace and augment the volume2043and capabilities of the International Space Station and to anchor2044American industrial, commercial, and international activity in space.2045Expandable habitat technology is the foundation of our platforms and2046provides a superior solution for commercial activity in LEO, long-2047duration exploration missions as well as sustainable human habitation2048on the lunar surface.2049    The United States cannot afford gaps in orbital infrastructure, as2050these gaps have direct implications for national security, economic2051prosperity, and global leadership. Robust commercial stations and a2052sustained lunar presence are essential elements of a stable space2053architecture that protects American interests and ensures our2054competitors cannot define the rules of the domain. This is a pivotal2055national transition, and it requires a NASA Administrator with2056operational experience, strategic vision, and the ability to unite2057government, industry, and global partners.2058    I want to express my immense appreciation to Chairman Cruz for his2059consistent leadership in highlighting the importance of the Moon to2060America's long-term strategic and economic position in space, and for2061his ongoing support of a strong and stable NASA budget. His recognition2062and appreciation that lunar activity will shape the next several2063decades of global positioning is both timely and essential.2064    Mr. Isaacman brings a rare combination of qualifications. He has2065commanded multiple orbital missions giving him firsthand understanding2066of human spaceflight operations, mission preparation, and the2067engineering and safety discipline required for NASA's work. He also has2068more than two decades of experience building and leading high-2069performance companies in aviation and technology, demonstrating the2070ability to manage complex programs, develop technical workforces, and2071deliver ambitious long-term goals. In fact, I think he may be the most2072uniquely qualified candidate to ever lead NASA.2073    He understands the strategic environment facing the United States.2074LEO is becoming the industrial foundation of the space economy, and2075without a capable successor to the ISS, America risks losing its2076central role in that ecosystem. Competitive pressure is already evident2077as China expands the Tiangong space station and offers anticompetitive2078alternatives to international partners, creating an increasingly2079difficult environment for U.S. commercial station providers to2080withstand. The Moon is rapidly emerging as the front line for2081geopolitical influence, and we risk surrendering the next great2082economic frontier, a domain rich with critical materials, energy2083potential, and infrastructure advantages that could define twenty-2084first-century supply chains. Other nations are moving quickly, forming2085coalitions, and investing in infrastructure that will shape their2086global posture for decades.2087    NASA needs an Administrator who understands that this moment is2088defined by robust infrastructure, strategic advantage, and the urgency2089of timely execution. Mr. Isaacman has the operational grounding,2090leadership experience, and long-horizon perspective required to guide2091the agency through this transition. His background aligns with the2092needs of NASA as it prepares for robust commercial LEO infrastructure2093and a sustained American presence on the lunar surface.2094    For these reasons, I respectfully urge the Committee to advance his2095nomination. His leadership will strengthen the Nation's position in low2096Earth orbit, support meaningful cislunar and lunar activity, and ensure2097that the United States remains the partner of choice for industry and2098international collaboration.2099    Thank you for your consideration.2100            Warmly,2101                                         Blair Bigelow May,2102                                                   Founder and CEO,2103                                              Selene Space Corporation.2104                                 ______21052106                        Caffeinated Capital Management, LLC2107                                        Aspen, CO, December 3, 202521082109Chairman Ted Cruz,2110U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2111Washington, DC.2112Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,2113U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2114Washington, DC.21152116Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,21172118    On behalf of Caffeinated Capital Management, LLC (Caffeinated2119Capital), a venture capital firm supporting technology leaders2120delivering critical space capabilities to the United States, I am2121writing to convey my support for the confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman2122to serve as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space2123Administration (NASA).2124    Caffeinated Capital has significant investments in enterprises2125advancing the technological primacy of the United States in the space2126domain. Our portfolio includes Varda Space, which is delivering2127critical cost-efficient in-space manufacturing and hypersonic reentry2128capabilities to the United States; Antares Nuclear, which is developing2129small modular nuclear reactors addressing terrestrial and space-based2130strategic energy needs; and Amca, Hadrian, and Senra Systems, which are2131delivering critical domestic manufacturing capabilities in service of2132our world-leading aerospace and defense industrial base.2133    Mr. Isaacman's commitment to American astronauts and their future2134endeavors in space, deep respect for the technologies and world-class2135industries essential to our leadership in the space domain, and focus2136on sustainable paths forward for NASA have prepared him to steward the2137agency as it continually asserts American leadership in space2138technology and science.2139    NASA sits at a critical moment in its history. I believe that Mr.2140Isaacman's dedication to American spacefaring and bold vision for the2141future of the agency warrants his swift confirmation as the fifteenth2142Administrator of NASA. Thank you for taking the time to consider our2143input.2144                                           Raymond Tonsing,2145                                                            Member,2146                                   Caffeinated Capital Management, LLC.2147                                 ______21482149                                          Type One Ventures2150                                       Malibu, CA, December 1, 202521512152Chairman Ted Cruz,2153U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2154Washington, DC.2155Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,2156U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2157Washington, DC.21582159Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:21602161    I am writing to express my strong support for Mr. Jared Isaacman as2162the next Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space2163Administration (NASA). As a Partner at Type One Ventures, a venture2164capital firm dedicated to advancing the U.S. space economy, I have the2165privilege of working closely with founders and companies that are2166expanding American leadership in space, creating high-quality jobs2167across the country, and driving substantial economic growth. Most2168recently, I aligned with Mr. Isaacman for my Breakthrough Summit2169featuring 80 New Frontier leaders.2170    At Type One Ventures, we back frontier-technology and space2171companies that are directly furthering U.S. competitiveness. Our2172portfolio includes organizations building next-generation launch2173systems, in-space logistics, defense-critical capabilities, and2174enabling technologies essential for the emerging commercial space2175infrastructure. These companies operate at the intersection of2176innovation and national strategy, and the success of their missions2177depends on stable, forward-thinking leadership at NASA.2178    Throughout my work in this sector, it has become clear that Jared2179Isaacman embodies the experience, vision, and operational discipline2180required to guide NASA at this pivotal moment. His record as a mission2181commander, entrepreneur, and private-sector leader demonstrates a level2182of commitment and technical fluency suited to the agency's current2183challenges. Mr. Isaacman not only understands the dynamics of the2184commercial space ecosystem, but he has also helped shape it. His2185leadership has inspired a generation of engineers, builders, and2186investors who are directly contributing to America's economic and2187strategic strength.2188    NASA now stands at the center of a rapidly evolving global space2189landscape. With China and other competitors accelerating their2190capabilities, the United States must ensure that its civil space2191program is led by an administrator who can integrate innovation,2192safety, economic growth, and long-term national interest. Mr.2193Isaacman's experience pioneering private human spaceflight, supporting2194key national innovations, and fostering partnerships across commercial2195and defense sectors positions him exceptionally well to steward NASA's2196next era.2197    For these reasons, I respectfully urge the Committee to move2198forward with Mr. Isaacman's confirmation. He has earned the confidence2199of entrepreneurs, investors, engineers, and mission leaders across the2200space economy, and he has my strongest support.2201    Thank you for your consideration and for your continued leadership2202on matters vital to America's future in space.2203            Respectfully,2204                                               Ryan Kriser,2205                                                           Partner,2206                                                     Type One Ventures.2207                                 ______22082209                                            Planet Labs PBC2210                                                  November 17, 20252211Hon. Ted Cruz,2212Chairman,2213Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2214U.S. Senate,2215Washington, DC.2216Hon. Maria Cantwell,2217Ranking Member,2218Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2219U.S. Senate,2220Washington, DC.22212222Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:22232224    We write to express our strong support for the nomination of Jared2225lsaacman to serve as the next Administrator of the National Aeronautics2226and Space Administration (NASA) and urge you to advance his nomination2227swiftly. Mr. lsaacman is a visionary entrepreneur who demonstrates the2228leadership and passion that would enable him to lead NASA into the2229future as we push to expand our understanding of the Earth and explore2230our solar system.2231    If confirmed as Administrator, Mr. lsaacman will drive innovation2232in NASA's collaborations across the space ecosystem. We are confident2233he will leverage technology and reimagine space exploration by2234capitalizing on the many advancements of our Nation's commercial space2235sector. His commitment to commercial space will redefine NASA's2236partnerships, advance national space priorities, and get more missions2237into space faster with greater cost efficiency, strengthening U.S.2238leadership.2239    Further, Mr. lsaacman's deep appreciation of science will advance2240NASA's role in maintaining U.S. leadership with international partners2241in cutting edge scientific discoveries over China. He understands we2242need to create opportunities for the U.S. to remain at the forefront of2243human space exploration while simultaneously expanding humanity's2244knowledge through scientific discovery. Importantly, Mr. lsaacman2245values the role of scientific discovery to improve our understanding2246and management of natural disasters like wildfires and flooding, border2247security, land and water management, agriculture, national security,2248and countless commercial sectors. He also appreciates the capabilities2249of the commercial space industry to complement and supplement NASA and2250other international data sets to advance these applications and improve2251decision making in our communities.2252    We also appreciate Mr. lsaacman's interest in engaging with the2253private sector, academia, and the scientific community to develop new2254ideas to sustain scientific observations, accelerate getting new2255scientific instruments on orbit, and push the boundaries of scientific2256discovery by leveraging the best of NASA, industry, and academia.2257Planet has pioneered innovative pubic private partnerships by engaging2258with NASA JPL, central to the Carbon Mapper coalition and the2259development of the Tanager spacecraft. This is a collaboration that can2260serve as a template for other NASA-commercial collaborations that can2261drive innovation, develop more science missions faster, and deliver2262cost savings across government.2263    Jared lsaacman's experience as an astronaut, his understanding of2264commercial space capabilities, and his executive experience will help2265him lead NASA through the next phase of exploration, scientific2266discovery, and innovation. We wholeheartedly support his nomination and2267strongly believe he should be confirmed quickly so NASA can have2268Senate-confirmed leadership as soon as possible. This will enable our2269shared goals to advance our Nation's space priorities and continue2270NASA's long history of scientific exploration and discovery. Thank you2271for your consideration.2272            Sincerely,2273                                             Will Marshall,2274                            Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer,2275                                                       Planet Labs PBC.2276                                                  Robbie Schingler,2277                             Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Officer,2278                                                       Planet Labs PBC.2279                                 ______22802281                           Naval Aviation Museum Foundation2282                                      Pensacola, FL, March 25, 202522832284Hon. Ted Cruz,2285Chair, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,2286United States Senate,2287Washington, DC.22882289Hon. Maria Cantwell,2290Ranking Member, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,2291United States Senate,2292Washington, DC.22932294Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,22952296    I am writing to express my support for President Trump's nomination2297of Mr. Jared Isaacman to be NASA Administrator. As a space explorer,2298entrepreneur, acclaimed aviator and strong advocate for STEM Education,2299he is a leader of the highest character and an exceptional selection2300for NASA Administrator. As a 35-year Navy veteran and current President2301& CEO of the Naval Aviation Museum Foundation, my support for his2302confirmation as the next Administrator of NASA is unequivocal.2303    Mr. Isaacman has been a peerless supporter of the National Naval2304Aviation Museum s mission through his philanthropy. His support was2305critical to our continuity of operations during our closure during the2306COVID pandemic. Over the past decade, he has not only impacted our2307quality of exhibits but have also had an immeasurable impact on our2308National Flight Academy the country s premier aviation themed STEM2309academy. His personal impact on hundreds of thousands of visitors to2310our museum and STEM programs has been foundational to our mission2311encouraging visitors to Dream Inspire and Remember.2312    Mr. Isaacman's involvement and insight from his experiences in2313aviation both in high performance aircraft to pioneering the boundaries2314of civilian space exploration have been essential as we develop2315programs to continue to inspire and engage both the next generation of2316aerospace enthusiasts and future STEM workforce for decades to come.2317    I enthusiastically encourage you and your Senate colleagues to act2318expeditiously to confirm Mr. Isaacman. Thank you for your consideration2319and support.2320            Sincerely,2321                                             Kyle J. Cozad,2322                                                    RADM USN (Ret),2323                                                 President and CEO,2324                                      Naval Aviation Museum Foundation.2325                                 ______23262327                    National Coast Guard Museum Association2328                                  New London, CT, November 13, 202523292330Hon. Ted Cruz,2331Chair, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,2332United States Senate,2333Washington, DC.23342335Hon. Maria Cantwell,2336Ranking Member, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,2337United States Senate,2338Washington, DC.23392340Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,23412342    It is my distinct honor to express my support for the nomination of2343Mr. Jared Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the National2344Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Over the course of my2345career in the United States Coast Guard and now as President of the2346National Coast Guard Museum Association, I have had the privilege of2347working with exceptional leaders across government, industry, and2348philanthropy. Mr. Isaacman stands among those rare individuals whose2349entrepreneurial drive, technical acumen, and spirit of service have2350combined to yield visionary achievements in aviation, business, and2351education. These very qualities would serve our Nation and its space2352program with distinction.2353    My awareness of Mr. Isaacman's leadership and values developed2354through his philanthropic support of the National Coast Guard Museum.2355Mr. Isaacman's deep commitment to National service and STEM education2356is both authentic and inspiring. His transformational gifts of $102357million in 2022 and $15 million in 2025 to the U.S. Space & Rocket2358Center's Space Camp have expanded access to advanced aerospace training2359for America's youth-ensuring that the next generation of engineers,2360scientists, and explorers is prepared to lead. His generosity also2361extends to institutions that honor those who serve, including his2362significant contribution to the National Coast Guard Museum, reflecting2363a profound respect for the Armed Services and the ideals they uphold.2364These actions reveal a patriotism rooted not in rhetoric, but in2365tangible, enduring impact.2366    In the process of codifying Mr. Isaacman's gift to the Museum, I2367had the privilege of working closely with members of his philanthropy2368team. I have long believed that a leader's character is best reflected2369in the people they empower. Each member of Mr. Isaacman's team2370demonstrated professionalism, humility, and excellence-qualities that2371stem from his example and leadership.2372    For these reasons, I offer my strong and enthusiastic endorsement2373of Mr. Jared Isaacman's nomination as Administrator of NASA and2374respectfully commend him for your most favorable consideration.2375            Respectfully,2376                           Captain Wes Pulver, USCG (Ret.),2377                                                         President,2378                               National Coast Guard Museum Association.2379                                 ______23802381                                                  Max Space2382                            Exploration Park, FL, November 21, 202523832384Hon. Senator Ted Cruz, (R-Texas),2385Chair, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2386United States Senate,2387Washington, DC.23882389Hon. Senator Maria Cantwell, (D-Washington),2390Ranking Member, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2391United States Senate,2392Washington, DC.23932394Re: Strong Support for the Nomination of Mr. Jared Isaacman to be2395            Administrator of NASA23962397Dear Chair Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell and Members of the Committee:23982399    On behalf of Max Space and our team of engineers, investors,2400entrepreneurs, and former astronauts dedicated to building the next2401generation of American space stations and habitats, I write to express2402our strong and unequivocal support for the nomination of Mr. Jared2403Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and2404Space Administration.2405    Mr. Isaacman is uniquely positioned to lead NASA at a moment when2406America's ambitions in low Earth orbit (LEO), on the Moon, and2407eventually Mars depend on a deep, practical partnership between2408government and an increasingly capable commercial space sector. As2409founder and CEO of Shift4, an accomplished aviator, and mission2410commander of both lnspiration4, the world's first all-civilian orbital2411mission, and Polaris Dawn, which achieved the first commercial2412spacewalk and highest altitude by a crewed mission since the Apollo2413program, he has personally demonstrated the courage, discipline,2414technical understanding and the immense challenges that human2415spaceflight and maintaining a permanent presence in space demands.2416    Equally important, Mr. Isaacman has shown that space can serve the2417public interest, not only through exploration and technology, but also2418through his philanthropy and inspiration. lnspiration4 alone helped2419raise hundreds of millions of dollars for St. Jude Children's Research2420Hospital while proving that private citizens can safely and responsibly2421participate in orbital missions. That concrete demonstration--that2422spaceflight can be both commercially innovative and socially2423beneficial--is precisely the mindset I believe NASA needs to maintain2424American leadership in a rapidly evolving space economy.2425    Our company, Max Space was founded and exists because the United2426States chose to lean partnership between commercial sector and2427Governmental priorities and were looking to embrace and support truly2428innovate, disruptive and cutting-edge U.S. technologies to maintain our2429countries leadership in space and space exploration. We are a proud2430American company, which has flown our expandable habitats and space2431real estate multiple times and are committed to accelerating this in2432the interest of the United States.2433    Our American engineered and manufactured modules are large-volume,2434expandable habitats designed to provide significantly lower-cost,2435exceptionally robust, and scalable real estate in space which are ready2436to support the ISS decommissioning and replacement options serving U.S.2437LEO presence--at a fraction of the cost of other legacy module designs,2438and ultimately providing permanent, low cost, light weight, superstrong2439habitats serving the U.S. interests for the lunar surface, and Mars.2440Our work builds directly on NASA's own pioneering legacy in ``soft-2441goods'' habitats and expandable structures. We intend for our first2442350-cubic-meter station module to support both U.S. government and2443commercial users in LEO while providing a clear pathway for the2444architectural bridge to Moon and Mars missions.2445    In our view, Mr. Isaacman deeply understands three essential truths2446about the moment we are in:24472448  1.  America must not cede leadership in LEO as the ISS era winds2449        down. The next generation of commercial stations and habitats--2450        developed under programs such as Commercial Leo Destination2451        (CLD)--will determine whether American astronauts, industry,2452        and allies continue to lead in microgravity research,2453        (advanced) manufacturing and critical and emerging2454        technologies, national security applications, and maintain the2455        capability for a continuous human presence to advance human2456        space exploration, scientific discoveries, international2457        cooperation and United States economic competitiveness and2458        commercial participation in low-Earth orbit through and beyond2459        the useful life of the International Space Station.24602461  2.  Enduring presence on the Moon and Mars will only be affordable2462        and sustainable if we embrace disruptive, lower-cost2463        architectures--including expandable habitats, modular systems,2464        and new logistics models--rather than relying solely on one-off2465        approaches.24662467  3.  The full strength of the United States lies in its innovative2468        private sector, from emerging companies like ours to larger,2469        established primes, all operating under a clear national2470        strategy and consistent policy direction from NASA and the2471        Administration.24722473    For companies like Max Space, the stakes of this nomination are2474tangible. The policy environment that Administrator Isaacman shapes2475will determine whether new American station providers and moon and Mars2476habitat developers can flourish--creating high-value jobs at home,2477strengthening supply chains, and ensuring that the volume, safety, and2478affordability of our habitats give the United States and its partners2479decisive and unparalleled advantages over strategic competitors and2480rogue nations.2481    We believe Mr. Isaacman is uniquely equipped to:24822483   Champion a vibrant ecosystem of commercial space stations2484        and habitats in LEO as ISS operations wind down--ensuring there2485        is no ``gap'' in U.S. presence and that NASA technology and2486        astronauts continue to fly from American soil to American-led2487        platforms.24882489   Push for architectures that are both ambitious and fiscally2490        responsible, leveraging industry innovations--such as2491        expandable, high-volume, low-mass habitats--to significantly2492        multiply NASA's capabilities per dollar invested.24932494   Strengthen public-private partnerships that preserve NASA's2495        role as the world's leading civil space agency while giving2496        American companies the room to invent, compete, and deliver.24972498   Align LEO, lunar, and Mars strategies into a coherent2499        campaign, where commercial stations and habitats in LEO serve2500        as the training ground, test bed, and proving environment for2501        future lunar and Martian outposts.25022503    From our vantage point, Mr. Isaacman has already demonstrated,2504through action rather than rhetoric, that he understands how to set2505clear objectives, accept and manage risk, execute complex missions, and2506communicate a compelling vision to the public. These are exactly the2507qualities that will be required to:25082509   complete Artemis successfully,25102511   transition from ISS to commercial stations smoothly, and25122513   lay the foundations for a genuine, long-term human presence2514        beyond Earth to the Moon and Mars.25152516    If confirmed, we respectfully encourage the Committee and Mr.2517Isaacman to work together to ensure that NASA's policies:25182519   Continue to open doors for innovative American entrants in2520        habitats, logistics, and in-space manufacturing;25212522   Prioritize competition, performance, and cost effectiveness2523        in program design and contracting; and25242525   Embrace architectures that make persistent habitation in2526        LEO, on the Moon, and ultimately Mars both technically2527        achievable and economically sustainable.25282529    Max Space is committed to playing its part in that vision--2530designing and delivering safe, scalable, expandable real estate in2531space that amplifies NASA's capabilities and keeps the United States2532decades ahead of its competitors. Mr. Isaacman's nomination gives us2533confidence that NASA will remain a bold partner to companies like ours,2534willing to harness disruptive American innovation in service of2535exploration, security, and prosperity.2536    For all these reasons, I strongly urge the Committee to support Mr.2537Jared Isaacman's confirmation as Administrator of NASA. We look forward2538to working with him, with NASA, and with this Committee to ensure that2539the next era of human spaceflight--across LEO, the Moon, and Mars--is2540led by the United States, powered by American innovation, and open to2541the next generation of explorers and entrepreneurs.2542    Thank you for your consideration.2543            Respectfully submitted,2544                                              Saleem Miyan,2545                                                Co-founder and CEO,2546                                                         Max Space Inc.25472548cc. Mr. Jared Isaacman2549U.S. Transportation Secretary, Sean P. Duffy2550NASA Associate Administrator, Amit Kshatriya2551                                 ______25522553                     National Business Aviation Association2554                                                  November 21, 202525552556Hon. Ted Cruz,2557Chairman,2558Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2559Washington, DC.2560Hon. Maria Cantwell,2561Ranking Member,2562Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2563Washington, DC.25642565Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,25662567    I write on behalf of the National Business Aviation Association's2568(NBAA) 11,000 members to support the confirmation of Mr. Jared Isaacman2569as Administrator of National Aeronautics and Space Administration2570(NASA).2571    Mr. Isaacman possesses an exceptional blend of operational2572expertise, strategic vision, and mission-driven leadership that makes2573him uniquely suited to serve as NASA Administrator. A proven2574entrepreneur with deep business acumen, Mr. Isaacman has built and led2575successful companies in both the financial and aerospace sectors,2576demonstrating the ability to guide complex organizations through2577innovation and growth. At the same time, he is one of the very few2578civilian astronauts with hands-on experience commanding two space2579missions, including the first all-civilian orbital flight, an2580achievement that highlights his technical competence, decisiveness, and2581commitment to expanding human spaceflight.2582    Beyond his professional accomplishments, Mr. Isaacman is widely2583recognized for his philanthropic leadership. Through his high-profile2584missions and personal initiatives, he has raised hundreds of millions2585of dollars for charitable causes, earning broad recognition across the2586aviation and aerospace community. In 2023, NBAA honored him with its2587highest recognition, the Meritorious Service to Aviation Award, for his2588contributions to aviation and his extraordinary humanitarian impact.2589    Mr. Isaacman's rare combination of aviation experience, spaceflight2590expertise, and technological understanding is precisely what NASA needs2591as it advances next-generation aerospace capabilities. His background2592aligns directly with the agency's work to strengthen safety2593partnerships with the FAA, advance UAS traffic management, accelerate2594autonomous flight research, and enable the safe integration of advanced2595air mobility, including electric air taxis and emerging drone2596operations. His leadership will be instrumental in sustaining America's2597aerospace leadership and guiding NASA's efforts to explore, innovate,2598and inspire.2599    Founded in 1947 and based in Washington, DC, NBAA is the leading2600organization for companies that rely on general aviation aircraft to2601help make their businesses more efficient, productive and successful.2602The association provides more than 100 products and services to the2603business aviation community, including cutting-edge innovations in2604aerospace technologies.2605    As NASA prepares for the next phase of innovation and space2606exploration, Mr. Isaacman stands ready to take the helm. We urge the2607Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation and the U.S.2608Senate to confirm Mr. Isaacman's nomination as soon as possible.2609            Sincerely,2610                                                  Ed Bolen,2611                                                 President and CEO,2612                                National Business Aviation Association.2613                                 ______26142615Statement on the re-nomination of Jared Isaacman for NASA Administrator26162617                            PRESS STATEMENT26182619                           November 12, 202526202621                                CONTACT26222623                             Danielle Gunn26242625    Pasadena, CA. (November 12, 2025)--Members of the Save NASA Science2626coalition, led by The Planetary Society, released the following2627statement in response to the President's re-nomination of Jared2628Isaacman for NASA administrator:26292630        Members of the Save NASA Science campaign--representing a2631        diverse coalition of academic, commercial, nonprofit, and2632        professional space science organizations--extend sincere2633        congratulations to Jared Isaacman on his nomination to be NASA2634        Administrator. Mr. Isaacman is an outspoken proponent for space2635        exploration and the role of NASA in driving the space research2636        enterprise, and has publicly stated his interest in2637        accelerating the pace of science missions.2638        We continue to express grave concern for the cuts proposed by2639        the Office of Management & Budget in the FY 2026 budget request2640        for NASA. Thousands of space advocates have rallied nationwide2641        over the past year in support of a balanced program for space2642        science, and Congress has, in a bipartisan manner, largely2643        rejected the proposed cuts as destructive to the nation's long-2644        term interests.2645        Building on the momentum of the historic Save NASA Science day2646        of action just one month ago, we reiterate the need to maintain2647        steady funding to develop and operate flight projects that2648        answer critical scientific questions, address the workforce2649        crisis through improved communication and institutional2650        support, and ensure future discoveries are made possible by2651        investing in scientific research and STEM education.2652        As we look to the future of NASA in FY 2026 and beyond, we2653        stand ready to work with the NASA Administrator and their2654        leadership team to accelerate scientific discovery, protect2655        American leadership in fundamental research, and inspire the2656        next generation of doers.26572658    In addition to The Planetary Society, the organizations co-signing2659this statement are:26602661   Black in Astro26622663   Explore Mars, Inc.26642665   IFPTE26662667   Maryland Aerospace Alliance26682669   The Mars Society26702671   National Space Society26722673   Stand Up For Science26742675   TexSpace Collective2676                                 ______26772678                      About The Planetary Society2679    With a global community of more than 2 million space enthusiasts,2680The Planetary Society is The world's largest and most influential space2681advocacy organization. Founded in 1980 by Carl Sagan, Bruce Murray, and2682Louis Friedman and today led by CEO Bill Nye, we empower the public to2683take a meaningful role in advancing space exploration through advocacy,2684education outreach, scientific innovation, and global collaboration.2685Together with our members and supporters, we're on a mission to explore2686worlds, find life off Earth, and protect our planet from dangerous2687asteroids. To learn more, visit www.planetary.2688                                 ______26892690                                Commercial Space Federation2691                                   Washington DC, November 12, 202526922693Chairman Ted Cruz,2694U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2695Washington, DC.2696Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,2697U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2698Washington, DC.26992700Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:27012702    On behalf of the Commercial Space Federation (CSF), the leading2703trade association representing the U.S. commercial space industry, I am2704writing to convey CSF's support for the swift confirmation of Mr. Jared2705Isaacman to serve as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and2706Space Administration (NASA).2707    As you know, NASA is a large agency that has had three acting2708administrators named since late January. NASA's budget eclipses that of2709several cabinet agencies, and its operations span nearly 20 centers and2710installations across the United States. Among its many missions and2711activities, NASA is working to return astronauts to the Moon,2712continuously operating the International Space Station while developing2713follow-on commercial space stations, and exploring the solar system and2714beyond. The agency is best able to execute its important missions with2715stable leadership confirmed by the Senate. Leadership at NASA is made2716all the more important given China's ambition to eclipse U.S.2717leadership in space and build international alliances to counter2718western-Democracy coalitions--an issue the committee has rightly2719focused on. NASA's activities over the next three years very well may2720determine the balance of power in space.2721    With decades of experience as an entrepreneur, business leader, and2722space pioneer, Mr. Isaacman is well suited to lead NASA. Mr. Isaacman's2723hearing before the committee in April 2025 demonstrated his2724understanding of the near and long-term competition with China, as well2725as his respect for Congress's oversight responsibilities and the laws2726directing NASA's activities. Furthermore, Mr. Isaacman has shown his2727commitment to all parts of NASA--space science, space technology,2728aeronautics, and human exploration. Mr. Isaacman brings ingenuity,2729business acumen, technical know-how, and a deep passion to this role,2730which will position NASA to take on the many challenges it faces.2731    On behalf of CSF and our more than 90 member organizations, I2732respectfully request you prioritize Mr. Isaacman's confirmation, given2733the criticality of NASA's many ongoing missions.2734            Sincerely,2735                                              Dave Cavossa,2736                                                         President,2737                                           Commercial Space Federation.2738                                 ______27392740                                 ______27412742                                            Virgin Galactic2743                                                  November 24, 202527442745Hon. Ted Cruz,2746Chairman,2747Committee Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2748United States Senate,2749Washington, DC.2750Hon. Maria Cantwell,2751Ranking Member,2752Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2753United States Senate2754Washington, DC.27552756Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:27572758    On behalf of Virgin Galactic, I am writing to express our strong2759support for the confirmation of Jared Isaacman as Administrator of the2760National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Mr. Isaacman's2761exceptional experience in business, aviation, and spaceflight, makes2762him an outstanding candidate for this crucial position.2763    Virgin Galactic is a pioneering spaceflight company dedicated to2764opening space for everyone. As a key player in the commercial2765spaceflight industry, we recognize the vital role NASA plays in2766advancing space exploration and technology. Mr. Isaacman's appointment2767is not only of great interest to our industry but to all those who care2768about the future of space research and exploration and America's2769leadership in this critical domain. Virgin Galactic firmly believes2770that Mr. Isaacman's leadership will bring a fresh, innovative approach2771to NASA, crucial for maintaining America's leadership in space2772exploration and technology. His proven track record in the private2773sector, aviation, and spaceflight positions him uniquely to address the2774complex challenges at the intersection of space exploration,2775technology, and commerce.2776    Mr. Isaacman's impressive career spans multiple sectors directly2777relevant to NASA's mission. Through his work as an entrepreneur and a2778leader at various companies, he has showcased his ability to innovate2779and lead in complex, high-stakes industries directly related to2780technology, aviation, and national security--all critical components of2781NASA's multifaceted operations. Moreover, his experience as commander2782of the Inspiration4 mission, the first all-civilian orbital flight, and2783his involvement in the Polaris Program highlight his deep understanding2784of spaceflight operations and the commercial space sector. Mr. Isaacman2785became the first private citizen to perform a spacewalk during the2786Polaris Dawn mission, further exemplifying his commitment to advancing2787human spaceflight capabilities. Through the Inspiration4 mission, over2788$240 million was raised for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. This2789included a personal pledge of $125 million from Isaacman himself. His2790commitment to philanthropy extends beyond Inspiration4, as evidenced by2791his continued support through the Polaris Dawn mission. These2792substantial contributions demonstrate his dedication to using space2793exploration for the benefit of humanity, aligning well with NASA's2794mission to lead an innovative and sustainable program of exploration2795that enables human expansion across the solar system and brings new2796knowledge and opportunities back to Earth.2797    We believe Mr. Isaacman's expertise in business, aviation, and2798spaceflight, will be invaluable in addressing the challenges and2799opportunities facing NASA and the broader space industry. His firsthand2800experience as a commercial astronaut provides him with unique insights2801into the needs and potential of human spaceflight. This knowledge will2802be crucial in shaping policies that support the growth of commercial2803space activities while advancing NASA's core missions.2804    We look forward to working with Mr. Isaacman and NASA to advance2805policies that promote innovation, foster economic growth in the space2806sector, and strengthen America's position as a global leader in space2807exploration. We strongly urge his swift confirmation as NASA2808Administrator.2809            Sincerely,2810                                                Mike Moses,2811                                                         President,2812                                                       Virgin Galactic.2813                                 ______28142815                                    Space Force Association2816                             Colorado Springs, CO, 26 November 202528172818Chairman Ted Cruz,2819U.S. Senate,2820Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2821Washington, DC.28222823Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,2824U.S. Senate,2825Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,2826Washington, DC.28272828Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:28292830    On behalf of the Space Force Association (SFA), the only private2831non-profit organization solely dedicated to advocating for the U.S.2832Space Force, I strongly support the swift confirmation of Mr. Jared2833Isaacman as NASA Administrator.2834    A private astronaut and accomplished entrepreneur, Mr. Isaacman has2835deep respect for ability to advance scientific exploration, drive2836innovation, strengthen national security partnerships, and expand2837commercial space opportunities. With decades of experience spanning2838government contracting and publicly traded enterprises, he is uniquely2839positioned to ensure the United States remains the global leader in2840space.2841    As space becomes increasingly contested by adversaries like China2842and Russia, Mr. Isaacman's timely confirmation is critical to lead NASA2843at the nexus of civil space exploration, military security, and2844economic growth. SFA is confident he will champion the commercial space2845sector by fostering innovation in spaceflight and integrating2846commercial services into NASA's missions.2847    Thank you for your consideration of this letter in support of Mr.2848Jared Isaacman's confirmation as the NASA Administrator.2849            Sincerely,2850                                                Bill Woolf,2851                                        CEO, President and Founder,2852                                               Space Force Association,2853                                                  Colonel, USAF (Ret.).2854                                 ______28552856    Senator Sheehy. For nearly 70 years, the United States has2857been at the forefront of space exploration. President Trump2858knows how critical it is for our country to lead the way yet2859again as our space program aims to reach new heights, and that2860is why he chose exactly the right man for the job, Jared2861Isaacman.2862    I have personally known Jared for several years, chairing2863an aviation community in Montana and cooperating with him on2864approving the education experience for our next generation of2865explorers, astronauts, engineers, NASA administrators, at Space2866Camp in Huntsville, Alabama. Both Jared and I attended Space2867Camp, and although I would say lit a spark in both of us to2868chase the dream of aviation and aerospace, he has been far more2869successful than I have. We both dreamed of being astronauts as2870children. The difference is Jared actually is one, whereas I2871had to settle for the title of Senator.2872    America has been the leader of global space travel2873generations, pushing the boundaries of space, and testing the2874limits of human endurance and intellect. All Americans should2875be deeply proud of the incredible accomplishments of heroes2876like Alan Shepard, John Glenn, Neil Armstrong, Jim Lovell, and2877many others. The sacrifices and leadership of these brave2878astronauts is what most Americans know.2879    What they usually do not know is that behind each and every2880one of these explorers is a massive team of dedicated2881engineers, program managers, innovators, test pilots, welders,2882electricians, truck drivers, and families, who are the true2883heroes of our space program. To lead this incredible team2884requires a leader who not only understands and believes in the2885mission, but has the interdisciplinary skill set to coordinate2886these cross-functional teams to achieve critical outcomes.2887    Since the tragedy of the Columbia disaster in 2003, NASA2888has been an organization of great people searching for revival.2889And after the cancellation of the shuttle program for 102890years--it is important to remember, for 10 years--the United2891States was paying Russia taxi fare to send our own astronauts2892into space. This would make John F. Kennedy, Ronald Reagan, and2893dozens of other American leaders turn in their grave. And in2894light of the recent Starliner mission to the ISS that left2895astronauts stuck in space for almost 9 months, we are reminded2896that much work remains. President Trump knew it was time for a2897change, and he chose the right man for the job.2898    Despite Jared's desire to be an Air Force fighter pilot and2899an astronaut as a child, he found out that he was smarter than2900most and started a disruptive software company in his garage as2901a teenager. That company grew to be a tremendous multi-billion2902dollar success, and that success fueled his ascension in the2903Hall of Fame as a record-setting jet pilot, an aggressor pilot2904for our Air Force fighter pilots, and most recently, the first2905civilian ever to conduct a spacewalk.2906    On top of all that, Jared and I share another passion,2907pediatric philanthropy. Jared has personally donated millions2908to improve health care for at-risk children all over America,2909yet again underlining his commitment to this great nation.2910    NASA is a point of great pride for our Nation. It has2911carved out new frontiers for mankind and shown the world the2912power of freedom. China is progressing at a breakneck pace to2913overtake our space infrastructure and beat us back to the Moon,2914and they fully intend to win. If we do not focus our efforts2915and commit to victory now, we will find ourselves going to bed2916under the glow of a red moon. We have a moral obligation to2917continue to lead in the greatest frontier ever known, and it2918requires strong leadership.2919    Jared is an articulate leader, a great father and husband,2920and one of the smartest people in America. Jared understands2921not only how to manage a complex, multi-billion dollar2922organization but how to design and engineer critical systems.2923And to top it off, he knows how to fly space ships.2924    NASA is in need of spiritual rejuvenation, and that will2925take fresh leadership. Jared is the perfect man for the job,2926and I look forward to adding NASA Administrator to his already2927remarkable resume.2928    Thank you, Chairman.2929    Chairman Cruz. Thank you, Senator Sheehy. We will now2930recognize Mr. Isaacman for his opening statement.29312932                  STATEMENT OF JARED ISAACMAN,29332934                  NOMINEE TO BE ADMINISTRATOR,29352936         NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION29372938    Mr. Isaacman. Thank you Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member2939Cantwell, Senator Sheehy for that very generous introduction,2940and distinguished members of the Committee. I am honored and2941grateful to be here before you again as President Donald2942Trump's nominee to lead the National Aeronautics and Space2943Administration.2944    To begin, I would like to acknowledge my family, my2945parents, Sandy and Don Isaacman behind me, my wife Monica, and2946my two wonderful daughters, Mila and Liv. Over the years, I2947have found many ways to challenge their patience, and politics2948is certainly no exception. We are also joined today by seven2949astronauts, some of my closest friends and crewmates, together2950with NASA astronauts that have come to this hearing in support.2951Thank you very much.2952    I also want to acknowledge and appreciate that Senator2953Britt from the state of Alabama is here today, so not only home2954to Marshall Space Flight Center but also to Space Camp, which2955is where my journey began.2956    As mentioned before, I have lived the American dream. I2957have been fortunate to have an amazing business and aeronautics2958career, to have led two notable missions to space, to help2959charitable causes that matter deeply to my family, and now I am2960beyond thankful for a chance to repay my debt to this Nation by2961serving alongside the brilliant minds at the world's most2962accomplished space agency.2963    The last time I sat before you, I introduced myself, my2964qualifications, and the challenges and opportunities ahead.2965This time, I am here with a message of urgency. After more than2966a half-century, America is set to launch NASA astronauts around2967the Moon in just a matter of months. This is a challenging2968endeavor to say the least, and one that requires full-time2969leadership.2970    Secretary Duffy, in his letter to this Committee endorsing2971my nomination, emphasized this point. That message is shared by2972more than two dozen other letters of support, including an2973online petition started by members of the NASA workforce and a2974letter from 36 NASA astronauts, who, like me, have sat through2975anomaly investigations, launch and flight readiness reviews,2976have accepted the risks of going to space, and understand what2977is at stake.2978    And I know it is not lost on anyone in this room that we2979are in a great competition with a rival that has the will and2980the means to challenge American exceptionalism across multiple2981domains, including in the high ground of space. This is not the2982time for delay but a time for action, because if we fall2983behind, if we make a mistake, we may never catch up, and the2984consequences could shift the balance of power here on Earth.2985    This Congress, and specifically this Committee, understand2986the urgency of the moment--placing a historic investment in2987human space exploration that President Trump signed in the One2988Big Beautiful Bill. It is now time for NASA and its partners to2989deliver.2990    To that end, I want to assure you, Senators, I am not here2991for personal gain, to favor or enrich contractors, to close2992centers, or to disrupt programs that are essential to2993completing America's objectives in space. If confirmed, I am2994here to bring urgency and an extreme focus to the mission, to2995do all I can working with the best and brightest at NASA to2996lead humanity's efforts to unlock the secrets of the universe2997and ensure American leadership across the last great frontier.2998In concert with that grand endeavor, we will ensure the2999following. The success of the Artemis program that President3000Trump began during his first term. America will return to the3001Moon before our great rival, and we will establish an enduring3002presence to understand and realize the scientific, economic,3003and national security value on the lunar surface.3004    Along the way, we will pioneer the next ``giant leap'' in3005capabilities to extend America's reach even further into space,3006including expanding and accelerating investments into nuclear3007propulsion, both nuclear electric and nuclear thermal, and3008surface power programs. These efforts, in addition to industry3009partners building reusable launch vehicles, will set the stage3010for future missions to Mars and beyond.3011    We will never accept a gap in capabilities again, not with3012our space station presence in low-Earth orbit or our ability to3013send American astronauts to the Moon.3014    We will strive to build an orbital and lunar economy that3015can fund the future we all want to see in space someday, and3016not rely exclusively on the taxpayer. We will begin making the3017investments now for the inevitable spacefaring future that is3018just on the horizon.3019    We will make the most efficient use of every dollar3020allocated, pushing for more x-planes, more rovers and3021telescopes, more exciting missions like Hubble, James Webb, and3022Dragonfly, with the aim of enlightening the world through3023breakthrough scientific discoveries, knowing that if NASA does3024not do it, no one else will.3025    Some of the most talented people in America show up to work3026at NASA. Alongside a reinvigorated culture and an intense focus3027on achieving the near-impossible, what no other organization is3028capable of or even dares to accomplish, we will achieve these3029objectives. And when, not if, we get the job done, it will be3030because of the professionals at NASA, our international and our3031commercial partners, this Committee and Congress, and President3032Trump's administration that will have succeeded in ushering in3033a new golden age of science and discovery. We will do it for3034America, for humankind, and in doing so, we will inspire the3035world and the generations to follow to take us even farther.3036    We are just getting started on the greatest adventure in3037human history, and with urgency, purpose, and extreme focus on3038the mission, NASA will lead the way. Thank you.3039    [The prepared statement and biographical information of Mr.3040Isaacman follow:]30413042  Prepared Statement of Jared Isaacman, Nominee to be Administrator,3043             National Aeronautics and Space Administration3044    Thank you Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and distinguished3045members of the committee. I am honored and grateful to be here before3046you again as President Donald Trump's nominee to lead the National3047Aeronautics and Space Administration.3048    To begin, I would like to acknowledge my family--my parents, Sandy3049and Don Isaacman, my wife Monica, and my two wonderful daughters, Mila3050and Liv. Over the years, I have found many ways to challenge their3051patience, and politics is certainly no exception. We are also joined3052today by 8 astronauts, some of my closest friends and crewmates3053together with retired NASA astronauts that have come to this hearing in3054support.3055    As mentioned before, I have lived the American dream. I have been3056fortunate to have an amazing business and aeronautics career, to have3057led two notable missions to space, to help charitable causes that3058matter deeply to my family, and now I am beyond thankful to have a3059chance to repay my debt to this Nation by serving alongside the3060brilliant minds at the world's most accomplished space agency.3061    The last time I sat before you, I introduced myself, my3062qualifications, and the challenges and opportunities ahead. This time,3063I am here with a message of urgency.3064    After more than a half-century, America is set to launch NASA3065astronauts around the Moon in just a matter of months--a challenging3066endeavor to say the least--and one that requires full-time leadership.3067Secretary Duffy, in his letter to this committee endorsing my3068nomination, emphasized this point. That message is shared by more than3069two dozen other letters of support, including an online petition3070started by members of the NASA workforce and a letter from 36 NASA3071astronauts--who, like me, have sat through anomaly investigations,3072launch and flight readiness reviews, have accepted the risks of going3073to space, and understand what is at stake.3074    And I know it is not lost on anyone in this room that we are in a3075great competition with a rival that has the will and means to challenge3076American exceptionalism across multiple domains, including in the high3077ground of space. This is not the time for delay, but for action,3078because if we fall behind--if we make a mistake--we may never catch up,3079and the consequences could shift the balance of power here on Earth.3080    The Congress, and specifically this Committee, understand the3081urgency of the moment--placing a historic investment in human space3082exploration that President Trump signed in the one big beautiful bill.3083It's now time for NASA and our partners to deliver.3084    To that end, I want to assure you, Senators, I am not here for3085personal gain, to favor or enrich contractors, to close centers, or to3086disrupt programs essential to completing America's objectives in space.3087If confirmed, I am here to bring urgency and an extreme focus to the3088mission--to do all I can working with the best and brightest at NASA to3089lead humanity's effort to unlock the secrets of the universe and ensure3090American leadership across the last great frontier. In concert with3091that grand endeavor, we will ensure the following:30923093  1.  The success of the Artemis program that President Trump began3094        during his first term. America will return to the Moon before3095        our great rival, and we will establish an enduring presence to3096        understand and realize the scientific, economic, and national3097        security value on the lunar surface.30983099  2.  Along the way, we will pioneer the next `giant leap' capabilities3100        to extend America's reach even further into space, including3101        expanding and accelerating investments into nuclear propulsion3102        and surface power programs. These efforts, in addition to3103        industry partners building reusable launch vehicles, we will3104        set the stage for future missions to Mars and beyond.31053106  3.  We will never accept a gap in capabilities again--not with our3107        space station presence in low Earth orbit or our ability to3108        send American astronauts to the Moon.31093110  4.  We will strive to build an orbital and lunar economy that can3111        fund the future we all want to see in space and not rely3112        exclusively on the taxpayer. We will begin making the3113        investments now for the inevitable spacefaring future that is3114        just on the horizon.31153116  5.  We will make the most efficient use of every dollar allocated--3117        pushing for more x-planes, more rovers & telescopes, more3118        exciting missions like Hubble, James Webb, and Dragonfly with3119        the aim of enlightening the world through breakthrough3120        scientific discoveries--knowing that if NASA doesn't do it, no3121        one else will.31223123    Some of the most talented people in America show up to work at3124NASA. Alongside a reinvigorated culture and intense focus on achieving3125the near-impossible--what no other organization is capable of or dares3126to accomplish--we will achieve these objectives . . . And when, not if,3127we get the job done--it will be because of the professionals at NASA,3128our international & commercial partners, this committee and Congress,3129and President Trump's administration that will have succeeded in3130ushering in a new golden age of science and discovery. We will do it3131for America, for humankind, and in doing so, we will inspire the world3132and the generations to follow to take us even farther.3133    We are just getting started on the greatest adventure in human3134history--and with urgency, purpose, and extreme focus on the mission,3135NASA will lead the way.3136    Thank you.3137                                 ______31383139                      a. biographical information3140    1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Jared Taylor3141Isaacman.3142    2. Position to which nominated: Administrator of the National3143Aeronautics & Space Administration.3144    3. Date of Nomination: January 20, 2025.3145    4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses):31463147        Residence: Information not released to the public.3148        Office: 3501 Corp Parkway, Center Valley PA 18034.31493150    5. Date and Place of Birth: Union, NJ.3151    6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your3152spouse (if married) or domestic partner, and the names and ages of your3153children (including stepchildren and children by a previous marriage).31543155        Spouse: Monica Isaacman, homemaker.31563157    7. List all college and graduate schools attended, whether or not3158you were granted a degree by the institution. Provide the name of the3159institution, the dates attended, the degree received, and the date of3160the degree.31613162        Embry Riddle Aeronautical University--Bachelor in Professional3163        Aeronautics (2011) (February 2010-November 2011).31643165    8. List all post-undergraduate employment, including the job title,3166name of employer, and inclusive dates of employment, and highlight all3167management-level jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to3168the position for which you are nominated.31693170   Shift4 Payments, Founder and CEO (June 2000 to present)31713172   Draken International, Co-founder and CEO (November 2011-3173        April 2020)31743175   Denmar, Consultant (October 2020 to present)31763177    9. Attach a copy of your resume. See attachment.3178    10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time3179service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other3180than those listed above after 18 years of age.31813182        Honorary Commander--US Air Force Academy.31833184    11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee,3185partner, proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any3186corporation, company, firm, partnership, or other business, enterprise,3187educational, or other institution.31883189   Shift4 Payments, Inc.--Chairman of the Board, CEO, and3190        Director, 6/2020 to present31913192   Shift4 Payments, LLC (fka Harbortouch Payments, LLC and3193        Lighthouse Network, LLC)--Chief Executive Officer, 3/2014 to3194        present31953196   Shift4 Subsidiaries31973198     C.C. Productions, LLC--President and CEO, 12/2022 to3199            present32003201     CFC & FP Enterprises, LLC--President and CEO, 12/20223202            to present32033204     Credorax (USA) LLC--Authorized Person to sign entity3205            documents for filing, checks, notes in connection with bank3206            accounts, facilities or services per Operating Agreement,3207            12/2023 to present32083209     Pinnacle Hospitality Systems, LLC--President and CEO,3210            7/2022 to present32113212     POSITOUCH, LLC--Chief Executive Officer, 10/2017 to3213            present32143215     POSTEC, LLC--Chief Executive Officer 12/2021 to3216            present32173218     Revel Systems, Inc.--President and sole Director, 6/3219            2024 to present32203221     SIDFT4 CORPORATION--President and CEO and sole3222            Director, 11/2017 to present32233224     Shift4 Payments Finance Sub, Inc.--President and3225            Director, 10/2020 to present32263227     Shift4Shop, LLC--Chief Executive Officer, 11/2020 to3228            present32293230     The Giving Block Holdings, LLC--ChiefExecutive3231            Officer, 2/2022 to present32323233     Micros Retail Systems, LLC--Chief Executive Officer,3234            10/2020 to present32353236     Venuenext, Inc--President, 4/21 to present32373238     Shift4 Shop, LLC (formerly 3dcart, LLC)--Chief3239            Executive Officer, 11/2020 to present32403241     S4-ML Holdings, LLC--Chief Executive Officer, 8/20193242            to present32433244     MSI Merchant Services Holdings, LLC--Chief Executive3245            Officer, 3/2014-12/202132463247     Restaurant Manager, LLC--Chief Executive Officer, 8/3248            2017-12/202132493250     Positouch, LLC--Chief Executive Officer, 10/2017-12/3251            202132523253     Future POS, LLC--Chief Executive Officer, 10/2017-12/3254            202132553256     Harbortouch Financial, LLC--Chief Executive Officer,3257            1/2011-12/202132583259   Draken International, LLC--Chief Executive Officer, 11/2011-3260        4/2020; Director/Manager, 11/2011-10/202032613262   26 North Aviation, Inc.--Director, 1/2007 to present32633264   Rook Holdings, Inc--Director, President, Treasurer,3265        Secretary, 3/2014 to present32663267   Rook Aviation Holdings, LLC--Member and President, 1/2019 to3268        present32693270   Rook Investments, LLC--Member and President, 7/2019 to3271        present32723273   Black Diamond Jet Hold Co, Inc--President, CEO, and3274        Director, 3/2019 to present32753276   Black Diamond Jet Holdings, LLC--President, CEO, and3277        Manager, 12/2019 to present32783279   JDI Holdings LLC--Member and President, 12/2005 to present32803281   Xenomorph, LLC (Dissolved)--Managing Member, 2/2021-2/202332823283   Bone Horse Marine, LLC--Managing Member, 7/2021 to present32843285   Bone Horse, LLC--Managing Member, 4/2019-12/202432863287   Bone Horse Hangars, LLC--Manager and Member, 7/2021 to3288        present32893290   RookX, LLC--Managing Member, 1/2021 to present32913292   Rook Public Strategies, LLC--Managing Member, 7/2021-12/202432933294   PolarisX, LLC--Managing Member, 12/2022-12/202432953296   Rook SPY I, LLC--President, Secretary, Treasurer, 3/2021 to3297        present32983299   Rook SPY II, LLC--President, Secretary, Treasurer, 8/2021 to3300        present3301   Rook SPY III, LLC--President, Secretary, Treasurer, 12/20223302        to present3303   Rook SPY IV, LLC--President, Secretary, Treasurer, 3/2023 to3304        present3305   Rook Space Investments, LLC--President, Treasurer,3306        Secretary, 2/2021 to present33073308    12. List all memberships you have had after 18 years of age or3309currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,3310political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously3311affiliated organization, private club, or other membership organization3312(You do not have to list your religious affiliation or membership in a3313religious house of worship or institution). Include dates of membership3314and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note3315whether any such club or organization restricts membership on the basis3316of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.33173318   Business Executives for National Security33193320   Association of Space Explorers33213322   Experimental Aircraft Association33233324   Aircraft Owners Pilot Association33253326   International Council of Air Shows33273328   CNBC CEO Council33293330    These organizations do not restrict membership on the basis of sex,3331race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.3332    13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office3333(elected, non-elected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any3334campaign has any outstanding debt the amount, and whether you are3335personally liable for that debt. No.3336    14. List all memberships and offices held with and services3337rendered to, whether compensated or not, any political party or3338election committee within the past ten years. If you have held a paid3339position or served in a formal or official advisory position (whether3340compensated or not) in a political campaign within the past ten years,3341identify the particulars of the campaign, including the candidate, year3342of the campaign, and your title and responsibilities. None.3343    15. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign3344organization, political party, political action committee, or similar3345entity of$200 or more for the past ten years.3346    See attachment.3347    16. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary3348society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition3349for outstanding service or achievements.33503351   Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Honorary Doctorate33523353   Foreign Policy Research Institute, Ben Franklin Award33543355   United States Air Force Academy, Honorary Commander33563357   FAA, Commercial Astronaut Wings33583359   National Business Aviation Association, Meritorious Service3360        to Aviation Award33613362   Ernst & Young, EY Entrepreneur of the Year33633364   National Space Society, NSS Space Pioneer Award for3365        Entrepreneurship33663367   UP Partners, UP Inspiration Award33683369   Living Legends of Aviation, Dr. Buzz Aldrin Space3370        Advancement Award; Eren Ozmen Entrepreneur of the Year Award;3371        Induction to Living Legends of Aviation33723373   Space Force Association, Advancing Human Presence in the3374        Space Domain Award33753376   EarthLight Foundation, Space Cowboy Award33773378   Global Lithuanian Leaders, The Laureate of Global Lithuanian3379        Award 202133803381   Space Camp, Hall of Fame33823383   Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Eagle of Excellence3384        Award33853386   AOPA Hoover Trophy33873388   Everyday Astronaut Astro Awards, Most Inspiring, Most3389        Innovative and Important Mission of 2024 Award33903391   St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Michael F. Tamer3392        Award33933394   American Astronautical Society, Neil Armstrong Space Flight3395        Achievement Award33963397   Aim Higher Gala, Inspiration Award33983399   Commercial Spaceflight Federation. Commercial Space Business3400        & Finance Award34013402   Vladimir Komarov Diploma, FAI Astronautic Records Commission34033404   NAA/FAI, Numerous NAA/FAI World Records in Aviation and3405        Space34063407   Electronic Transactions Association, 40 Under 4034083409   Inc 500, 30 Under 3034103411   Air Force Association, John R. Alison Award34123413   Governor Rick Scott, FL, Draken International recognized for3414        local job growth34153416    17. List all books, articles, columns, letters to the editor,3417Internet blog postings, or other publications you have authored,3418individually or with others. Include a link to each publication when3419possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the3420publication when available.3421    Not applicable.3422    18. List all speeches, panel discussions, and presentations (e.g.,3423PowerPoint) that you have given on topics relevant to the position for3424which you have been nominated. Include a link to each publication when3425possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the3426speech or presentation when available.34273428   Speech, Commencement Address at Embry-Riddle's Fall 20243429        Undergraduate Commencement Ceremony, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical3430        University, Decem3431        ber  12, 2024. Seethe university's press release here, http://3432        news.erau.edu/headlines/jared-isaacman-inspires-embry-riddle-3433        grads-to-pursue-moonshots#:3434        :text=%E2%80%9CIt%27s%20you%20who%20wil1%20make,Center%20in%203435        Daytona%20Beach%2C%20Florida, and a video of the address here,3436        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjyyGjeYrKO.34373438   Fireside Chat, Space Force Power Conference, United States3439        Space Force, December 10, 2024. A recording of the event is3440        available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdaqX3AMxy834413442   Panelist, Astronaut Reunion, Association of Space Explorers,3443        December 5, 2024.34443445   Fireside Chat, Polaris Dawn Event, UC Davis for Spaceflight3446        Research, November 22, 2024.34473448   Fireside Chat, Beyond Earth Symposium, Beyond Earth3449        Institute, Novem-3450        ber 13, 2024. A recording of the event is available here:3451        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pZ1H4WinVU34523453   Fireside Chat, Foreign Policy Research Institute's 18th3454        Annual Benjamin Franklin Award for Public Service, Foreign3455        Policy Research Institute, November 13, 2024.34563457   Panelist, Planetary Congress, Association of Space3458        Explorers, October 3, 2024.34593460   Panelist, Up.Summit, UP.Partners, September 30, 2024.34613462   Fireside Chat, Polaris Dawn Mission Briefing, Polaris Dawn,3463        August 19, 2024. A recording of the event is available here:3464        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v3465        =rGtzDmwfkCY.34663467   Fireside Chat, X Takeover, Tesla Owners of Silicon Valley,3468        July, 28, 2024. A recording of the event is available here:3469        https://www.facebook.com/tesla3470        siliconvalley/videos/full-interview-with-jared-isaacman-shares-3471        the-ground-break3472        ing-work-with-polaris-/8703988886355087/.34733474   Fireside Chat, Commercial Spaceflight Transportation3475        Conference Washington, DC, Commercial Space Federation,3476        February, 21, 2024.34773478   Fireside Chat, ICR Conference, ICR, January 8, 2024.34793480   Fireside Chat, Space Force Power Conference, United States3481        Space Force, December 13, 2023.34823483   Fireside Chat, LiveWIRED, WIRED, November 5, 2023. A3484        recording of the event is available where: http://3485        www.wired.com/video/watch/lets-die-on-mars34863487   Fireside Chat, Space Cowboy Ball, EarthLight Foundation,3488        November 18, 2023.34893490   Fireside Chat, NBAA Annual Conference, NBAA, October 17,3491        2023.34923493   Panelist, EAA Aviation Museum Space Day Event, October 7,3494        2023.34953496   Panelist, Disrupt Conference, TechCrunch, September 19,3497        2023.34983499   Fireside Chat, International Space Development Conference,3500        National Space Society, May 25, 2023.35013502   Fireside Chat, National Character and Leadership Symposium3503        (NCLS), United States Air Force Academy, February 23, 2023.35043505   Fireside Chat, SpaceCom 2023--Accelerating the Global3506        Business of Space, SpaceCom, February 23, 2023.35073508   Fireside Chat, Space Force Culture Coalition, United States3509        Space Force, February 21, 2023.35103511   Fireside Chat, BENS Virtual Discussion on Polaris Dawn with3512        NY Metro Member Jared Isaacman, BENS, February 21, 2023.35133514   Acceptance Speech, Living Legends of Aviation, Kitty Hawk3515        Air Academy, January 20, 2023.35163517   Panelists, UP.Summit, UP.Partners, June 7, 2022.35183519   Fireside Chat, LOGIN '22, LOGIN, June 3, 2022.35203521   Speech, Commencement Address at Embry-Riddle's 2022 Spring3522        Commencement, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, May 14,3523        2022.35243525   Presenter, Easterseals Advocacy Awards, Easterseals April3526        12, 2022. A recording of the event is available here: https://3527        www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehp3528        BgLMJU7s.35293530   Fireside Chat, Agilysys User Conference, Agilysys, March 1,3531        2022.35323533   Acceptance Speech, Living Legends of Aviation, Kitty Hawk3534        Air Academy, January 21, 2022.35353536   Fireside Chat, Annual CNBC Technology Executive Council3537        Summit, CNBC, November 17, 2021.35383539   Panelist, ASCEND, The American Institute of Aeronautics and3540        Astronautics, November,15, 2021. A recording of the event is3541        available here: https://youtu.beNjHzpOqu5iU35423543    19. List all public statements you have made during the past ten3544years, including statements in news articles and radio and podcasts and3545television appearances, which are on topics relevant to the position3546for which you have been nominated, including dates. Include a link to3547each statement when possible. If a link is not available, provide a3548digital copy of the statement when available.3549    See attached.3550    20. List all digital platforms (including social media and other3551digital content sites) on which you currently or have formerly operated3552an account, regardless of whether or not the account was held in your3553name or an alias. Include the full name of an ``alias'' or 'handle'',3554including the complete URL and username with hyperlinks, you have used3555on each of the named platforms. Indicate whether the account is active,3556deleted, or dormant. Include a link to each account if possible.35573558   X/Twitter: @rookisaacman, https://x.com/rookisaacman35593560   Instagram: rookisaacman, https://www.instagram.com/3561        rookisaacman/35623563   Shift4 personnel previously created a Linkedin account for3564        me, but I never used it, and it has been deleted.35653566    21. Please identify each instance in which you have testified3567orally or in writing before Congress in a governmental or non-3568governmental capacity and specify the date, committee, and subject3569matter of each testimony. None.3570    22. Given the current mission, major programs, and major3571operational objectives of the department/agency/commission/corporation3572to which you have been nominated, what in your background or employment3573experience do you believe affirmatively qualifies you for appointment3574to the position for which you have been nominated, and why do you wish3575to serve in that position?3576    I believe many aspects of my background make me qualified to serve3577as NASA Administrator, and it would be an immense honor to do so. My3578education, experience as a pilot, time as a commercial astronaut, and3579work as an entrepreneur together reflect my life-long passions of3580aviation and spaceflight. Throughout my various endeavors, I have had3581the opportunity to work with the government as a partner in the private3582sector. This has provided me with unique insights into how we can3583improve and innovate NASA's operations. I am committed to NASA's quest3584to explore space, innovate for humanity, and inspire our Nation through3585discovery.3586    As a student, I attended the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University3587where I graduated with a bachelor's degree in professional aeronautics.3588    As a pilot, I have more than 7,700 hours of jet pilot experience3589and the highest FAA ratings, which include my Airline Transport Pilot3590certificate with experimental type ratings to operate ex-military3591aircraft.3592    As a commercial astronaut, I have spent the last four years helping3593plan, develop, train, and execute two commercial space missions through3594the Polaris Program. My crew and I flew farther into space than any3595other human has since Apollo 17-more than 50 years ago. Aspects of our3596missions reflect the exciting future of space, such as the testing of3597new spacesuits during our spacewalk and the use of laser communications3598to send a message to the world. These efforts renewed excitement about3599what the future holds for America as a spacefaring Nation, but we also3600remained dedicated to addressing the hardships and challenges of the3601world we live in today. In the course of the Polaris missions, we3602raised over $250 million for St. Jude Childrens Research hospital, of3603which I have contributed more than $125 million directly. My experience3604as an astronaut and leader for two missions has also given me a3605profound understanding of the coordination required between NASA,3606commercial partners, other government agencies, and outside3607collaborators to achieve mission success.3608    As an entrepreneur, I have also created a career in business that3609is directly related to managing a large agency and advancing American3610aeronautical interests and innovation. I co-founded the world's largest3611private air force, Draken International, to train pilots for the United3612States Armed Forces and its allies. This defense aerospace business,3613involving high performance military aircraft, saved taxpayers hundreds3614of millions and enhanced the training of our military warfighters. I am3615also the founder and CEO of Shift4 Payments, an innovative payment3616processor company, which I started in my parents basement when I was 163617years old. Throughout my long business career, I have run my companies3618efficiently, responsibly, and with thousands of employees.3619    I hope to have the opportunity to advance the President's goal for3620America to lead in space, science, technology, and exploration as NASA3621Administrator.3622    23. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to3623ensure that the department/agency/commission/corporation has proper3624management and accounting controls, and what experience do you have in3625managing a large organization?3626    It is imperative that the Administrator of NASA manages the agency3627responsibly and efficiently to ensure its organizational resources are3628dedicated to consistently moving the ball forward and advancing our3629national interests.3630    As the founder and CEO of two large companies, I am responsible for3631overseeing large budgets and have navigated complex logistics matters3632on a daily basis. As the founder and CEO of an aerospace defense3633contractor under government oversight, and a public company listed on3634the New York Stock Exchange, I also understand the importance of3635leading large organizations responsibly with proper governance and3636accounting controls.3637    24. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the3638department/agency/commission/corporation, and why?3639    NASA is the most respected and accomplished space agency in the3640world. The NASA logo inspires Americans and people the world over to3641dream of what the future may hold. However, the agency has faced3642significant challenges over the years that have impeded the mission.36433644  1.  NASA has been unable to return to the Moon or have an achievable3645        path to Mars, despite plans to do so as far back as President3646        George H.W. Bush's Administration in 1989.36473648  2.  The pace of world changing discoveries has slowed with flagship3649        missions consistently billions over budget and behind schedule.36503651  3.  The space economy has yet to be revealed. For over 60 years, the3652        space economy has had the same customers (governments) looking3653        for the same capabilities (communications and observation).36543655    I believe the challenges stem from:36563657   A distracting number of priorities that are not fully3658        aligned with the NASA mission.36593660   An organizational structure and policies that fuel3661        bureaucracy and throttle progress.36623663   A culture that needs to be reinvigorated to make better use3664        of capable commercial industry and to win against geopolitical3665        rivals that are quickly threatening the ever expanding 'high3666        ground'. If we do not lead, we follow, and if we follow, we may3667        never catch-up.36683669    I am committed to working tirelessly alongside some of the3670brightest minds in the Nation to solve the problems and return NASA's3671focus to executing on the mission.3672                   b. potential conflicts of interest3673    1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation3674agreements, and other continuing dealings with business associates,3675clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement3676accounts, such as a 40l(k) or pension plan.3677    My employment agreements and arrangements are described on my Form3678278e Public Financial Disclosure Report, which I am working on with the3679Office of Government Ethics (OGE) and NASA ethics officials. That form3680will disclose the following agreements and arrangements:36813682  1)  A corporation I own has a Tax Receivable Agreement (TRA) with3683        Shift4 Payments, Inc. Under the TRA, Shift4 Payments, Inc.3684        agrees to make payments to the historic equity owners in an3685        amount equal to a percentage of the benefit the corporation3686        derives from certain specific tax attributes, if, as and when3687        realized Prior to the IPO of Shift4 in 2020, the company3688        operated as a partnership for U.S. Tax purposes. Upon the IPO,3689        an umbrella partnership--C-Corporation structure was3690        established. The operating partnership (Shift4 Payments, LLC)3691        will be modified by reclassifying my interests as an original3692        owner into a new class of interest that is exchangeable for3693        Shift4 common stock (Class A). The TRA requires Shift4 to share3694        tax savings with the original partners.36953696  2)  Pursuant to my employment agreement with Shift4 Payments, LLC,3697        for 36 months after resignation, I will be eligible for health3698        insurance benefits and other reimbursed expenses for fees in3699        connection with former employment/ownership. I do not3700        anticipate participating in or accepting such benefits.37013702  3)  In February 2025, I anticipate receiving an annual RSU award from3703        Shift4 Payments, Inc. for the 2024 calendar year. RSU grant3704        levels for the Chief Executive Officer are decided in3705        conjunction with the Company's year-end compensation decisions3706        based on individual and Company performance from the prior3707        Fiscal Year.37083709    2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal,3710to maintain employment, affiliation, or practice with any business,3711association, or other organization during your appointment? If so,3712please explain.3713    An entity I own holds agreements with Space Exploration3714Technologies Corp. (SpaceX). These include agreements related to two3715future space flight missions in the Polaris Program. There are three3716space flight service agreements related to different missions in the3717Polaris Program.3718    I am currently working with OGE and NASA ethics officials on3719addressing these contracts from an ethics and conflicts perspective. I3720am committed to working with OGE to identify an appropriate way to3721avoid conflicts of interest related to these contracts and work toward3722a resolution that, if necessary, will be fully described in my Ethics3723Agreement letter.3724    3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other3725relationships which could involve potential conflicts of interest in3726the position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will3727resolve each potential conflict of interest.3728    I have equity interest in Shift4 Payments, Inc., a payments company3729that predominantly serves restaurants, hotels, sports stadiums and3730theme parks. Shift4 processes some of the payments for SpaceX Starlink3731Internet service, but this represents less than \1/2\ of a percent of3732the company's revenue. I intend to resign from my positions and will3733continue to work with OGE and NASA ethics officials on how to handle my3734interest in Shift4.3735    I own ex-military aircraft that are occasionally used in a charter3736or lease arrangement by U.S. Government test pilot schools and for R&D3737testing.3738    My separate involvement in contracts with SpaceX is described in3739the previous question.3740    In all of these matters, I am working with OGE and NASA ethics3741officials to identify and resolve conflicts in the appropriate time3742frame. We are working toward an Ethics Agreement letter that will3743contain my commitments to resolve existing conflicts. As Administrator,3744I would be committed to full transparency on these issues and I would3745work closely with the agency's ethics staff and OGE to resolve any3746potential conflicts that should arise during my tenure.3747    4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial3748transaction which you have had during the last ten years, whether for3749yourself, on behalf of a client, or acting as an agent, that could in3750any way constitute or result in a possible conflict of interest in the3751position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will resolve3752each potential conflict of interest.3753    My involvement in contracts with SpaceX is described in the3754previous questions. As noted above, I am working with OGE and NASA3755ethics officials to identify and resolve conflicts in the appropriate3756time frame. As Administrator, I would be committed to full transparency3757on these issues and I would work closely with the agency's ethics staff3758and OGE to resolve any potential conflicts that should arise during my3759tenure.3760    5. Identify any other potential conflicts of interest and explain3761how you will resolve each potential conflict of interest. None.3762    6. Describe any activity during the past ten years, including the3763names of clients represented, in which you have been engaged for the3764purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or3765modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and3766execution of law or public policy. None.3767                            c. legal matters3768    1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics,3769professional misconduct, or retaliation by, or been the subject of a3770complaint to, any court, administrative agency, the Office of Special3771Counsel, an Inspector General, professional association, disciplinary3772committee, or other professional group? No.3773    If yes:37743775  a.  Provide the name of the court, agency, association, committee, or3776        group;37773778  b.  Provide the date the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or3779        personnel action was issued or initiated;37803781  c.  Describe the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or3782        personnel action;37833784  d.  Provide the results of the citation, disciplinary action,3785        complaint, or personnel action.37863787    2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by3788any Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal,3789State, county, municipal, or foreign government entity, other than for3790a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain.3791    Yes, in February 2010, when returning from a trip to watch the3792Olympics in Vancouver, I was detained by U.S. Customs and Border3793Protection on a warrant related to a charge for ``drawing and passing3794checks without sufficient funds,''based on a dispute with the Palms3795Casino Resort in Las Vegas over a travel reimbursement that the resort3796promised and subsequently failed to honor. The dispute arose the month3797prior, and I was under the impression the matter was resolved. I was3798not aware that law enforcement was involved in the matter. As a result,3799I was very surprised when CBP took action. However, the matter was3800resolved in less than 24 hours and the charges were dismissed.3801    I did then and still now disagree with the other party's handling3802of the matter. I considered civil action against the resort, but opted3803against it to avoid any further headache.3804    Following this incident, the Nevada district court sealed all3805records associated with this incident, stating, ``All proceedings3806recounted in the sealed records are deemed never to have occurred.''3807Although it remains sealed, in the interest of full transparency, I3808have disclosed it here for the Committee's awareness.3809    3. Have you or any business or nonprofit of which you are or were3810an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency3811proceeding, criminal proceeding, or civil litigation? If so, please3812explain.3813    Shift4, the company of which I am currently CEO, and its3814predecessors and subsidiaries have collectively been in business for3815over 25 years. The company, which is publicly traded on the NYSE, is3816infrequently party to lawsuits filed by and against the company. Please3817see attached for PACER listings of litigation involving Shift4, as well3818as its predecessors Harbortouch Payments, LLC, and United Bank Card,3819Inc. Also attached are PACER listings of litigation involving Draken3820International, the company which I co-founded and for which was3821previously CEO, but with which I am no longer affiliated. Also attached3822is a PACER listing of litigation involving me individually.3823    To the extent the Committee would like additional information on3824matters listed in the PACER attachments, such as a summary of3825litigation involving Shift4 over a certain time period, please do not3826hesitate to ask.3827    With respect to agency proceedings, Shift4 recently settled a3828matter with the SEC involving allegations that the company failed to3829disclose on its annual 10-K forms and/or its proxy statements for FY38302020 through FY 2022 related person transactions for a total of three3831individuals. This settlement began with outreach from the SEC3832requesting that Shift4 voluntarily provide documents and information3833regarding related persons transactions involving immediate family3834members of Shift4's officers and directors. Shift4 cooperated with the3835inquiry, in the course of which we learned that three individuals'3836names and compensations were inadvertently left off of SEC-required3837reports and disclosures. Those disclosures were made as of April of3838last year.3839    Shift4 offered to pay $750,000 to settle the claim. For reference,3840$750,000 is about 0.03 percent of Shift4's annual revenue for 2023. The3841settlement order, which states, ``In determining to accept the Offer,3842the [SEC] considered remedial acts promptly undertaken by [Shift4],3843including making disclosures and improvements to policies and3844procedures concerning related person transactions, as well as3845cooperation afforded the Commission staff,'' is available on the SEC's3846website here: https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-3847102146.pdf. SEC Order3848 11.3849    4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or no/o3850contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic3851offense? If so, please explain. No.3852    5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual3853assault, sexual harassment, or discrimination on the basis of sex,3854race, religion, or any other basis? If so, please explain. No.3855    6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information,3856favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in3857connection with your nomination.3858    I am a devoted philanthropist and have demonstrated a large3859financial commitment to various causes throughout my life. Below are3860details regarding the contributions of $50,000 or greater I have3861donated to 501(c)(3) organizations in my personal capacity:38623863   St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (2021, 2022, 2023):3864        $123,351,92838653866   Renaissance Charitable Foundation, Inc. (2022, 2023, 2024):3867        $13,150,24738683869   U.S. Space & Rocket Center Education Foundation (2022, 2023,3870        2024): $11,352,87938713872   Naval Aviation Museum Foundation, Inc. (2021): $5,533,45638733874   St. Luke's Health Network, Inc. (2023, 2024): $4,776,90838753876   Lehigh Valley Zoo (2024): $1,000,00038773878   Edward Charles Foundation (2021, 2022): $650,00038793880   Davinci Science Center (2022): $571,46738813882   Baylor College of Medicine (2022): $516,18138833884   House of Hope Foundation for Kids with Cancer (2023):3885        $500,00038863887   Space Force Historical Foundation (2024): $500,00038883889   California Institute of Technology (2025): $500,00038903891   Global Citizen (3-Year Pledge beginning in 2023) (2023,3892        2024): $500,00038933894   Kiddie Hawk (5-Year Pledge beginning in 2023) (2023, 2024):3895        $200,00038963897   Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (2023): $150,00038983899   Los Angeles Dodgers Foundation (2024): $126,68339003901   Ukraine House DC Foundation (2022): $100,00039023903   Business Executives for National Security (2023): $80,00039043905   El Sistema USA (2023): $75,00039063907   The Mars Generation (2021): $50,00039083909   Earthlight Foundation (2023): $50,0003910                     d. relationship with committee3911    1. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/3912corporation complies with deadlines for information set by3913congressional committees, and that your department/agency/commission/3914corporation endeavors to timely comply with requests for information3915from individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in3916the minority? Yes.3917    2. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/3918corporation does whatever it can to protect congressional witnesses and3919whistleblowers from reprisal for their testimony and disclosures? Yes.3920    3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested3921witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with3922firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee? Yes.3923    4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly3924constituted committee of the Congress on such occasions as you may be3925reasonably requested to do so? Yes.3926                                 ______39273928                   Jared Isaacman--Part A Question 1539293930                  POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS 2015-PRESENT3931                           (through 2/3/2025)3932------------------------------------------------------------------------3933    Jared Isaacman3934       (Federal)            Date          Amount             Notes3935------------------------------------------------------------------------3936TRUMP VANCE INAUGURAL    11/27/2024    $2,000,000.003937 COMMITTEE, INC.3938WHITESIDES VICTORY       10/29/2024        $5,000.00  JFC contribution:3939 FUND                                                  allocated by JFC3940                                                       to California3941                                                       Democratic Party3942                                                       (see below)3943(CALIFORNIA DEMOCRATIC   10/29/2024        $5,000.003944 PARTY)3945DSCC                     10/23/2024       $41,300.003946MONTANANS FOR TESTER      10/1/2024        $3,300.003947MICHIGAN DEMOCRATIC        8/1/2024       $10,000.003948 STATE CENTRAL3949 COMMITTEE3950MITTEN PAC                 8/1/2024        $5,000.003951ELISSA SLOTKIN FOR        7/29/2024        $3,300.003952 MICHIGAN3953ELISSA SLOTKIN FOR        7/29/2024        $3,300.003954 MICHIGAN3955CASEY KEYSTONE VICTORY    7/17/2024       $15,400.00  JFC contribution:3956 FUND                                                  allocated by JFC3957                                                       to Pennsylvania3958                                                       Democratic Party,3959                                                       Bob Casey for3960                                                       Senate, Inc., and3961                                                       Keystone America3962                                                       PAC (see below)3963(KEYSTONE AMERICA PAC)    7/22/2024        $2,100.003964(BOB CASEY FOR SENATE     7/22/2024        $3,300.003965 INC)3966(PENNSYLVANIA             7/22/2024       $10,000.003967 DEMOCRATIC PARTY)3968GEORGE WHITESIDES FOR     2/20/2023        $3,300.003969 CONGRESS3970GEORGE WHITESIDES FOR     2/20/2023        $3,300.003971 CONGRESS3972MARK KELLY FOR SENATE     10/1/2022        $2,900.00  In-Kind3973                                                       Contribution--Fun3974                                                       draising Event3975                                                       Catering3976DSCC                      7/11/2022       $26,500.003977DSCC                      7/11/2022       $23,500.00  Recount Account3978MONTANANS FOR TESTER      3/31/2022        $2,900.003979BOB CASEY FOR SENATE      3/30/2022        $2,900.003980 INC3981SHAHEEN FOR SENATE        3/30/2022        $2,900.003982DSCC                      3/29/2022       $10,000.003983FRIENDS OF MARK WARNER    3/29/2022          $900.003984FRIENDS OF MARK WARNER    11/2/2021        $2,000.003985SMP                      10/28/2021      $100,000.003986SUSAN WILD FOR           10/24/2021        $2,900.003987 CONGRESS3988SUSAN WILD FOR           10/20/2021        $2,900.003989 CONGRESS3990IMPACT                   10/20/2021       $10,000.00  $5,000 refunded on3991                                                       11/2/20213992FRIENDS OF SCHUMER       10/20/2021        $2,900.003993FRIENDS OF SCHUMER       10/20/2021        $2,900.003994MARK KELLY FOR SENATE      7/3/2021        $2,900.003995FRIENDS OF DENNIS ROSS    11/8/2016          $500.003996FRIENDS OF DAVID JOLLY    10/7/2015        $1,000.003997GRAVES FOR CONGRESS       3/31/2015        $1,500.003998------------------------------------------------------------------------39994000------------------------------------------------------------------------4001 Jared Isaacman (State4002       & Local)             Date          Amount             Notes4003------------------------------------------------------------------------4004JOSH SHAPIRO FOR           3/2/2022          $50,000  ..................4005 GOVERNOR4006------------------------------------------------------------------------40074008                   Jared Isaacman--Part A Question 194009[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]40104011                   Jared Isaacman--Part C Question 34012                             PACER--Draken4013[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]40144015                        PACER--United Bank Card4016[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]40174018                             PACER--Shift44019[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]40204021                           PACER--Harbortouch4022[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]40234024                         PACER--Isaacman, Jared4025[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]40264027    Chairman Cruz. Thank you, Mr. Isaacman. I now recognize Mr.4028Haines for his opening statement.40294030        STATEMENT OF STEVEN H. HAINES, NOMINEE TO BE AN40314032          ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE FOR INDUSTRY40334034           AND ANALYSIS, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE40354036    Mr. Haines. Thank you, Mr. Cruz. And here I was thinking4037that all the fanfare outside was for Industry and Analysis, but4038it is not the first time I have had my bubble burst.4039    Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and distinguished4040members of the Committee, it is an honor to be with you here4041today. I would like to thank President Trump, Secretary4042Lutnick, and Under Secretary William Kimmitt for putting their4043confidence in me to serve as Assistant Secretary of Commerce4044for Industry and Analysis. I would also like to extend my4045deepest gratitude to Senator Hagerty for introducing me today.4046I feel incredibly fortunate to have his mentorship and support.4047    It is also an honor to have several of my family members4048here with me, starting with my incredible wife, Erica Haines,4049who is sitting behind me. In our first year of marriage, she4050asked me what I wanted to do with my life, career-wise, and I4051thought I gave her the right answer, which was to ``be a good4052dad, to be a good husband.'' And she gently reminded me that4053that was the bare minimum and challenged me to aim higher. Her4054continual love and support over the past 10 years of marriage4055has challenged me to do just that.4056    Our first son, Henry, is here, as well. It is the honor of4057my life to be his dad and to have him by my side today. His4058little brother, Oscar, has been on the planet for a total of 104059weeks, so he decided to forego the hearing to stay home with4060his grandmother. He probably taking a nap right now.4061    My father-in-law, Guy Detrick, is here from Washington4062State--thank you for being here--as well as one of my three4063older sisters, Heather Pray, and her husband and my best4064friend, Charlie Pray. My parents, Paul and Christy, were unable4065to make the trip to Washington, D.C. today, but they are4066proudly watching from home in Franklin, Tennessee. I inherited4067a tenacious work ethic and a drive for excellence from my4068father and a sense of faith and conviction from my mother. They4069shaped me to the man I am today, and there is no way I could4070ever repay them for that.4071    I grew up in Franklin, Tennessee, in the 1990s, at the4072height of Pax Americana. I distinctly remember driving home4073from school with my mom, and her telling me that we lived in4074the greatest country in the world. Even at a young age, I was4075filled with a sense of pride, and excitement, and expectation4076for the future. I truly felt lucky to be an American.4077    I carried that pride with me as I left America to study4078abroad and then start a career in the oil and gas industry in4079Asia. No matter where I went, who I met, what I did, I always4080carried that sense that there was no place like home, my home,4081the United States of America.4082    In the early 2010s, I started to notice a shift, like a lot4083of people, in the global, geopolitical, and economic landscape,4084and for the first time in my life, America's future felt4085uncertain, and not guaranteed. So through the loving4086encouragement of my wife, who is from the area, I decided to4087move to Washington, D.C., leave the private sector, and pursue4088a career in foreign policy and national security via public4089service. That journey has led me to multiple roles at the4090Department of State, the Pentagon, here in the U.S. Senate, and4091now, for the second time, at the Department of Commerce. The4092colleagues I have worked with, along with the experiences that4093I have gained, have all somehow culminated in the necessary4094preparation for this specific nomination.4095    For six months prior to this nomination, I had the4096privilege of performing the duties of the Assistant Secretary4097of Commerce for Industry and Analysis, learning its policies,4098its people, its portfolios, budget, contracts, learning every4099facet of the organization. And it is because of that I feel a4100sense of pride and excitement to have the opportunity to lead4101the organization in an official capacity. And if confirmed, my4102singular focus will be supporting America industry's4103competitiveness through robust understanding and analysis of4104sectors and supply chains, improving and growing I&A's4105analytical capabilities to better respond to trade questions4106facing U.S. policymakers, and empowering the professionals, the4107people who work at I&A to approach their work with a sense of4108subject matter expertise, mastery, autonomy, and purpose. And4109to that end, I look forward to working constructively with this4110Committee.4111    Thank you for your time, and I look forward to your4112questions.4113    [The prepared statement and biographical information of Mr.4114Haines follow:]41154116Prepared Statement of Steven H. Haines, Nominee for Assistant Secretary4117   of Commerce for Industry and Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce4118    Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and distinguished members4119of the Committee: It's an honor to be with you here today. I am4120grateful to President Trump for my nomination, and to Secretary Lutnick4121and Under Secretary Kimmitt for their confidence in me to serve as4122Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Industry & Analysis. I would also4123like to extend my deepest gratitude to Senator Hagerty for introducing4124me today. I'm incredibly fortunate to have his support and mentorship.4125    It is also an honor to introduce my incredible wife, Erica, who is4126sitting behind me. In our first year of marriage, she asked what I4127wanted to do with my life. I told her, ``Be a good husband and4128father.'' She said that was the bare minimum and challenged me to aim4129higher. Her unwavering love and support continue to inspire me to do4130just that. Our first son, Henry, is also here. It is the privilege of4131my life to be his father and to have him by my side today. Henry's4132little brother, Oscar, has been on this planet a total of 12 weeks and4133decided to skip the hearing to stay home with his grandmother. My4134father-in-law, Guy Detrick, is here from Washington State, and one of4135my three sisters is also with me today--Heather Pray--who is4136accompanied by her husband and my best friend, Charlie Pray. My4137parents, Paul and Christy Haines, were unable to make the trip to4138Washington, D.C. today, but are proudly watching from their home in4139Franklin, TN. I inherited a tenacious work ethic and a drive for4140excellence from my father and a sense of conviction and faith from my4141mother. I will never be able to repay them for shaping me into the man4142I am today.4143    I grew up in Franklin, Tennessee in the '90s--the height of Pax4144Americana. I distinctly remember my mother driving me home from school4145one day, listening to the radio, and her explaining to me that America4146was the greatest country in the world. Even at a young age, those words4147filled me with a sense of pride, wonder, and expectation for the4148future. I felt incredibly lucky to be an American.4149    I carried that pride with me as I studied abroad and eventually4150started my career in the oil & gas industry in Asia. No matter where I4151traveled in the world, I always felt that there truly was no place like4152home.4153    In the early 2010s, I began to see the global economic and national4154security landscape shift. For the first time in my life, America's4155future did not feel guaranteed. Through the encouragement of my wife, I4156decided to leave the private sector and pursue a career in foreign4157policy and national security through public service. That journey led4158me to jobs at the Department of State, the Pentagon, the United States4159Senate, and now the Department of Commerce.4160    The colleagues I have worked with, along with the experiences I4161have gained, have all culminated in the necessary preparation for this4162role.4163    For six months prior to my nomination, I had the privilege of4164performing the duties of assistant secretary of Commerce for Industry4165and Analysis, learning the policies, portfolios, people, budget,4166contracts, and products within the office's jurisdiction. I feel a4167sense of pride and excitement to be presented with the opportunity to4168lead the organization in an official capacity.4169    I&A--as it is affectionately called by those who work there--is4170comprised of 23 offices that cover approximately 90 percent of the U.S.4171economy. Its dedicated staff--currently hovering just north of 1904172people--are passionate professionals who engage in their work with4173expertise and a sense of mission.4174    In addition to leading the Committee on Foreign Investment in the4175United States (CFIUS) for the Department, I&A is also the only unit4176within the Department of Commerce that provides essential trade data4177and analytical support that feeds into a wide variety of trade policy4178workstreams and decisions.4179    In short, I&A continually punches above its weight, especially at a4180time when the global trading order is being rapidly reshaped to benefit4181the United States for decades to come.4182    If confirmed, my singular focus will be supporting American4183industry's competitiveness through robust understanding and analysis of4184sectors and supply chains, growing and improving I&A's analytical4185capabilities to better respond to the complex trade questions U.S.4186policymakers are facing, and empowering the professionals who work at4187I&A to engage in their work with a sense of mastery, autonomy, and4188purpose.4189    I look forward to working constructively with this Committee to4190that end. Thank you. I look forward to your questions.4191                                 ______41924193                      a. biographical information4194    1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Steven Harold4195Haines.4196    2. Position to which nominated: Assistant Secretary of Commerce for4197Industry and Analysis.4198    3. Date of Nomination: September 3, 2025.4199    4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses):42004201        Residence: Information not released to the public.4202        Office: Information not provided.42034204    5. Date and Place of Birth: Information not provided.4205    6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your4206spouse (if married) or domestic partner, and the names and ages of your4207children (including stepchildren and children by a previous marriage).42084209        Erica Haines, Client Advisor, Oak Rose Group42104211    7. List all college and graduate schools attended, whether or not4212you were granted a degree by the institution. Provide the name of the4213institution, the dates attended, the degree received, and the date of4214the degree.42154216        University of Nevada, Reno, 2006-2009, BA International4217        Affairs, May 200942184219        National Taiwan Normal University, 2007, Study Abroad42204221        Southwest University for Nationalities, 2007-2009, Study Abroad42224223        George Washington University, 2017-2019, MA Asian Studies, May4224        201942254226    8. List all post-undergraduate employment, including the job title,4227name of employer, and inclusive dates of employment, and highlight all4228management-level jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to4229the position for which you are nominated.42304231        U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security,4232        Senior Advisor, Sept. 2025 to present42334234        U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade4235        Administration, Senior Advisor, April 2025-Sept. 202542364237        U.S. Department of State, Member Policy Planning Staff, Jan.4238        2025-April 202542394240        Office of Senator Bill Hagerty, Brookings LEGIS Fellow, Jan.4241        2023-Jan. 202542424243        Black Walnut Brewery, Bartender, April 2023-November 2024.42444245        U.S. Department of State, Foreign Affairs Officer, Mar. 2020-4246        Jan. 202342474248        U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security,4249        Export Analyst Nov. 2021-Feb. 2022 (Detail from State)42504251        U.S. Department of Defense, Country Director for China, Jan.4252        2021-July 202142534254        U.Group (Now IntelliBridge, LLC), Senior China Research4255        Analyst, Dec. 2019-Mar. 202042564257        Ernst & Young, LLC, Associate, Oct. 2018-Dec. 201942584259        Panton, Inc., Director of Business Development, Feb. 2016-Aug4260        201842614262        Ruelco, Inc., International Business Development Manager, Sept.4263        2009-Feb.201642644265    9. Attach a copy of your resume. Attached.4266    10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time4267service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other4268than those listed above after 18 years of age. None.4269    11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee,4270partner, proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any4271corporation, company, firm, partnership, or other business, enterprise,4272educational, or other institution. None.4273    12. List all memberships you have had after 18 years of age or4274currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,4275political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously4276affiliated organization, private club, or other membership organization4277(You do not have to list your religious affiliation or membership in a4278religious house of worship or institution). Include dates of membership4279and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note4280whether any such club or organization restricts membership on the basis4281of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.42824283        Council on Foreign Relations, 2022-202742844285        Alexander Hamilton Society, 202142864287        Foundation for Defense of Democracies, 202142884289        The Heritage Foundation, 202042904291        Sigma Phi Epsilon 2006-2009 (male only)42924293    13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office4294(elected, non-elected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any4295campaign has any outstanding debt, the amount, and whether you are4296personally liable for that debt. No.4297    14. List all memberships and offices held with and services4298rendered to, whether compensated or not, any political party or4299election committee within the past ten years. If you have held a paid4300position or served in a formal or official advisory position (whether4301compensated or not) in a political campaign within the past ten years,4302identify the particulars of the campaign, including the candidate, year4303of the campaign, and your title and responsibilities. None.4304    15. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign4305organization, political party, political action committee, or similar4306entity of $200 or more for the past ten years. None.4307    16. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary4308society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition4309for outstanding service or achievements.43104311        Superior Honor Award, U.S. Department of State, 2021 & 202343124313        Council on Foreign Relations, Term Member, 2022-202743144315        Alexander Hamilton Society Security and Strategy Seminar4316        Fellow, 202143174318        Foundation for Defense of Democracies National Security Fellows4319        Program Fellow, 202143204321        Young Professional in Foreign Policy U.S.-China Futures Project4322        Participant, 202043234324        The Heritage Foundation George C. Marshall Fellowship, 202043254326        Presidential Management Fellow (PMF) Finalist, 201943274328        William Johnson Outstanding Graduate Student Award in Asian4329        Studies, 201943304331        Scottish Rite Graduate Endowment Fellowship, 2018-201943324333        National Security Education Program (NSEP) David L. Boren4334        Fellowship Recipient, 2018 (Declined)43354336        Foreign Language Area Studies (FLAS) Fellowship--Mandarin4337        Chinese, 2017-201843384339        Foreign Language Area Studies (FLAS) Fellowship--Mandarin4340        Chinese, 2018-201943414342        Freeman-ASIA Scholarship, 2008-200943434344        University Studies Abroad Consortium (USAC)/International4345        Affairs Scholarship, 200943464347        UNR-NTNU Intensive Chinese Language Study Scholarship, 200743484349    17. List all books, articles; columns, letters to the editor,4350Internet blog postings, or other publications you have authored,4351individually or with others. Include a link to each publication when4352possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the4353publication when available. None.4354    18. List all speeches, panel discussions, and presentations (e.g.,4355PowerPoint) that you have given on topics relevant to the position for4356which you have been nominated. Include a link to each publication when4357possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the4358speech or presentation when available. None.4359    19. List all public statements you have made during the past ten4360years, including statements in news articles and radio and podcasts and4361television appearances, which are on topics relevant to the position4362for which you have been nominated, including dates. Include a link to4363each statement when possible. If a link is not available, provide a4364digital copy of the statement when available. None.4365    20. List all digital platforms (including social media and other4366digital content sites) on which you currently or have formerly operated4367an account, regardless of whether or not the account was held in your4368name or an alias. Include the full name of an ``alias'' or ``handle'',4369including the complete URL and username with hyperlinks, you have used4370on each of the named platforms. Indicate whether the account is active,4371deleted, or dormant. Include a link to each account if possible.43724373        https://www.linkedin.com/in/stevenhaines2/ (active)4374        https://x.com/stevenhaines (active)43754376    21. Please identify each instance in which you have testified4377orally or in writing before Congress in a governmental or non-4378governmental capacity and specify the date, committee, and subject4379matter of each testimony.4380    Not Applicable.4381    22. Given the current mission, major programs, and major4382operational objectives of the department/agency/commission/corporation4383to which you have been nominated, what in your background or employment4384experience do you believe affirmatively qualifies you for appointment4385to the position for which you have been nominated, and why do you wish4386to serve in that position?4387    I have served in policymaking and operational roles at the4388Department of Commerce, Department of State and the U.S. Senate that4389are directly relevant to issues within the purview of the International4390Trade Administration. Prior to my nomination, I performed the duties of4391the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Analysis (I&A) for4392six months. During this time, I became intimately involved in the4393policies and portfolios that are housed under l&A as a business unit,4394in addition to the administrative, personnel, and budgetary engines4395that make I&A run.4396    Previous relevant experience includes directly supporting U.S.-4397manufactured oil and gas equipment exports internationally, conducting4398U.S. industry competitive analysis for U.S. government agencies, and4399directly leading interagency policy initiatives for multiple U.S.4400agencies.4401    23. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to4402ensure that the department/agency/commission/corporation has proper4403management and accounting controls, and what experience do you have in4404managing a large organization?4405    While performing the Duties of the Assistant Secretary, I4406personally reviewed, approved, or denied every financial and personnel4407decision within l&A. l&A's budget team is outstanding and supported me4408in this effort. Additionally, I ensured that key leadership roles,4409including the six Deputy Assistant Secretaries in I&A, and the office4410directors and team leads in all 23 offices within I&A were filled and4411focused on administration and departmental priorities. My4412responsibilities, if confirmed, will be to ensure that tax dollars are4413focused on actual policy priorities that will provide a return on4414investment for the American people.4415    24. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the4416department/agency/commission/corporation, and why?44174418  1)  Rebalancing global trade: For the past several decades, America4419        has exported its industries, businesses, and jobs overseas for4420        lower costs and bigger margins at the expense of the American4421        people. Restoring our industrial base is an immense challenge4422        and will take coordinated, intentional policy, drive and focus.44234424  2)  Modernization: The Department of Commerce's infrastructure,4425        technology, and workforce need to be brought into the 21st4426        century. Centralized management of IT systems through multiple,4427        redundant contracts hamper progress. Modernizing the Department4428        in these areas will require hard decisions, prioritization, and4429        coordination with Congress, 0MB, and others.44304431  3)  Implementing Policy Objectives: The President and Secretary have4432        set ambitious policy goals that I&A is directly responsible for4433        implementing, including onshoring and revitalizing U.S.4434        manufacturing, securing critical mineral supply chains, and4435        ensuring that key events like the FIFA World Cup and the 20284436        Olympics are a success. If confirmed, focusing the resources4437        within I&A to achieve these objectives will be a tremendous4438        challenge, but one that the team is up for, and one that I am4439        ready to lead, if confirmed.4440                   b. potential conflicts of interest4441    1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation4442agreements, and other continuing dealings with business associates,4443clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement4444accounts, such as a 40l(k) or pension plan.4445    Thrift Savings Plan (TSP)4446    2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal,4447to maintain employment, affiliation, or practice with any business,4448association, or other organization during your appointment? If so,4449please explain. No.4450    3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other4451relationships which could involve potential conflicts of interest in4452the position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will4453resolve each potential conflict of interest. None.4454    4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial4455transaction which you have had during the last ten years, whether for4456yourself, on behalf of a client, or acting as an agent, that could in4457any way constitute or result in a possible conflict of interest in the4458position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will resolve4459each potential conflict of interest. None.4460    5. Identify any other potential conflicts of interest and explain4461how you will resolve each potential conflict of interest.4462    Not Applicable.4463    6. Describe any activity during the past ten years, including the4464names of clients represented, in which you have been engaged for the4465purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or4466modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and4467execution of law or public policy. None.4468                            c. legal matters4469    1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics,4470professional misconduct, or retaliation by, or been the subject of a4471complaint to, any court, administrative agency, the Office of Special4472Counsel, an Inspector General, professional association, disciplinary4473committee, or other professional group? If yes:44744475  a.  Provide the name of the court, agency, association, committee, or4476        group;44774478  b.  Provide the date the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or4479        personnel action was issued or initiated;44804481  c.  Describe the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or4482        personnel action;44834484  d.  Provide the results of the citation, disciplinary action,4485        complaint, or personnel action.4486    No.4487    2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by4488any Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal,4489State, county, municipal, or foreign government entity, other than for4490a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain. No.4491    3. Have you or any business or nonprofit of which you are or were4492an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency4493proceeding, criminal proceeding, or civil litigation? If so, please4494explain. No.4495    4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo4496contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic4497offense? If so, please explain. No.4498    5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual4499assault, sexual harassment, or discrimination on the basis of sex,4500race, religion, or any other basis? If so, please explain. No.4501    6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information,4502favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in4503connection with your nomination. None.4504                     d. relationship with committee4505    1. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/4506corporation complies with deadlines for information set by4507congressional committees, and that your department/agency/commission/4508corporation endeavors to timely comply with requests for information4509from individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in4510the minority? Yes.4511    2. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/4512corporation does whatever it can to protect congressional witnesses and4513whistleblowers from reprisal for their testimony and disclosures? Yes.4514    3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested4515witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with4516firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee? Yes.4517    4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly4518constituted committee of the Congress on such occasions as you may be4519reasonably requested to do so? Yes.4520[GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]45214522    Chairman Cruz. Thank you, gentlemen. Congratulations on4523both your nominations. And I will say, Mr. Haines, your 10-4524week-old son would have certainly been welcome here this4525morning. With some frequency, Senators have been known to cry4526and sleep fitfully, so he would have fit well in this body.4527    Mr. Isaacman, welcome back. As you know, NASA's human4528spaceflight program and its Artemis, in particular, is critical4529to maintaining U.S. leadership in space. But as I think you can4530appreciate, space flight comes at a significant cost. Its4531success requires program stability. The United States cannot4532dominate in space if our commitments change wildly from one4533administration to the next, or from one appropriation process4534to the next.4535    That is why the NASA section of the One Big Beautiful Bill4536Act, which I authored, outlines a stable path forward for the4537agency. It gives clear guidance on the Artemis Moon mission, it4538paves the way for commercial space stations in low-Earth orbit,4539and it invests in NASA's infrastructure to be able to execute4540its exploration missions.4541    Will you commit to this Committee and to the Senate to full4542and timely compliance with the law's requirements, if you are4543confirmed?4544    Mr. Isaacman. Yes, Senator, I do.4545    Chairman Cruz. Let's dive into those requirements. Congress4546wrote into the One Big Beautiful Bill that there shall be a4547stable, fully funded path for Artemis at least through Artemis4548V. Congress also dedicated money for the Gateway Lunar Orbit4549Space Station and the Orion Crew Capsule.4550    Artemis is the key, I believe, to both beating China to the4551lunar surface and to maintaining a U.S. presence at the Moon.4552What concrete steps will you take to maintain the Artemis4553program's long-term stability?4554    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I appreciate the question, and4555similar to my previous hearing I absolutely believe that the4556current architecture with SLS is the fastest path to achieving4557our near-term lunar objectives, which should be to return to4558the Moon before our great rival and establish the4559infrastructure so that we can recognize the scientific,4560economic, and national security value.4561    Now, we have the first mission, which is approaching in4562just a matter of months, which is Artemis II, where we will fly4563around the Moon. The next mission, Artemis III, we are going to4564land astronauts on the Moon. There is a lot that has to happen4565in between Artemis II and III. So in that respect I am grateful4566that the One Big Beautiful Bill affords us the opportunity of4567additional heavy-launch vehicles through Artemis IV and V.4568    Now, with respect to the continuity of the mission,4569Senator, in order for us to actually land the astronauts on the4570Moon, it will mean that, one, or ideally two, commercial4571partners will have pioneered reusable, heavy-launch lift4572capabilities and orbital propellant transfer to get the lander4573to the lunar environment. And when we see American astronauts4574walk on the moon again it means one or both of them were4575successful.4576    So in doing so, after completing the Artemis V mission,4577which is already contemplated in the One Big Beautiful Bill, we4578should have numerous options available to us to have routine4579and affordable missions to the lunar surface for continuity4580beyond Artemis V.4581    Chairman Cruz. It is also part of U.S. law that it is4582American policy to have sustained human habitation either on4583the Moon or in cislunar orbit. Do you agree with that4584objective, and do you commit to doing everything humanly4585possible to achieving it?4586    Mr. Isaacman. I do, Senator. I think the President of the4587United States would be very excited to see a lunar base.4588    Chairman Cruz. And I will say, just a minute ago you talked4589about competing providers. I want to be very clear. I have no4590particular interest in one provider versus another. My interest4591is in making sure the objective is achieved. And at times, some4592have suggested that the objective of going to the Moon and the4593objective of going to Mars are intention. I do not believe they4594are intention. I believe both are critical.4595    America will be the first to land on Mars. That is4596critically important. That is written into law, and I was proud4597to author that provision in law. But I also think, at the same4598time, we cannot lose the Moon and lose the race to the Moon to4599China. Do you agree that both are critical priorities?4600    Mr. Isaacman. I do, Senator. And again, consistent with my4601prior testimony before this Committee, there actually are4602parallel efforts underway. Now, there is no question the4603overwhelming near-term priority is to return American4604astronauts to the Moon and again, establish an enduring4605presence on what is a very scarce piece of real estate that we4606are interested in at this time.4607    But as I mentioned before, in order for those American4608astronauts to step foot off a lander onto the lunar surface it4609means one or both, and actually potentially many more,4610commercial providers will have pioneered reusable heavy-lift4611launch capabilities and on-orbit prop transfer, which is the4612same capability, really the next giant leap capability, that4613America needs for missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.4614    Chairman Cruz. The International Space Station, which is4615managed from Texas's Johnson Space Center, is scheduled to be4616retired by 2030. It will be replaced by one or more4617commercially developed stations, partially funded by NASA, and4618partially by private partners.4619    Congress has been clear that a gap in our presence in low-4620Earth orbit would jeopardize U.S. strategic interests. Will you4621commit to guaranteeing a continuous human presence in low-Earth4622orbit, and a continuous American presence, during your tenure,4623and to ensure that there is no gap between the retirement of4624the ISS and the transition to commercial LEO destinations?4625    Mr. Isaacman. I absolutely commit to that, Senator. As I4626mentioned in my opening remarks, we can never accept a gap in4627our capabilities again, not in low-Earth orbit or our ability4628to reach the Moon. I, like a lot of space enthusiasts, dream of4629the day where we have multiple commercial space stations in4630low-Earth orbit. But I think in order for that to be a4631financially viable model, we have to absolutely maximize the4632remaining life of the International Space Station, get the4633highest potential science and research to the Space Station, to4634crack the code on the orbital economy, to give all these4635commercial space stations a fighting chance.4636    Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Cantwell.4637    Senator Cantwell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Sorry, I had to4638step out for a minute and take a call from another member. But4639I just want to make sure I heard everything you just said4640correctly on this. So when Secretary Duffy, as the Acting,4641announced NASA would reopen to compete Artemis III human lander4642to ensure America would reach the lunar surface in 2028, you4643agree with that decision, and will you fully commit to this re-4644competition?4645    Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, I mean, both SpaceX and Blue4646Origin were already awarded contracts through a competitive4647process to build the lander, and I do not think it was lost on4648either one of those organizations that the first company that4649is capable of delivering a lander to take American astronauts4650to the lunar surface and back is the one that this Nation is4651going to go with. I think that competition is fantastic. I4652think the best thing for SpaceX is a Blue Origin right on their4653heels, and vice versa.4654    Senator Cantwell. Great. Well, we are glad they re-4655competed, and when I first became Ranking Member of the4656Committee we argued for the redundancy of competition. There is4657nothing like competition to get the product that we need. And I4658think the decision that was made was based on the urgency to4659return by 2028. So you believe in that process?4660    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I absolutely agree with competition.4661I think we need competition for the vendors that support NASA's4662critical mission. I think competition among world powers is4663actually a really good thing, just as long as we do not lose.4664    Senator Cantwell. Yes, OK. The R&D issue about high-rate4665composites, I mentioned in my opening statement the HiCAM4666project, which does have NASA's support in trying to generate4667more composites. We have, with Idaho, established a tech hub in4668thermal plastics, and really believe that the United States4669should not lose this race for hi-rate composite manufacturing.4670    Will you fight to keep for NASA's aeronautic budget to4671sufficiently fund such HiCAM operations and support the4672technology development that is needed for aerospace materials?4673    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I think it is squarely in the4674responsibility of the aeronautics portion of NASA to work on4675the absolute cutting-edge materials that will ensure the4676competitiveness of our aeronautics industry well in the future.4677    Senator Cantwell. OK. And then how can you further leverage4678NASA's university work for development and research?4679    Mr. Isaacman. I think, I mean, there are a couple of parts4680to that, Senator. First, I think, in general, it is part of4681NASA's responsibility toward inspiration and STEM education to4682award grants to academic institutions that give students hands-4683on opportunities with hardware, ideally inspire them to want to4684graduate and either work at NASA or contribute to industry.4685    Also, I just think it is a great way to crack the code on4686important research that is going to bubble up toward NASA4687achieving its important objectives.4688    Senator Cantwell. Thank you. And Mr. Haines, how do we get4689the supply chain onshoring or supply chain materials, similar4690to the same subject? One of the reasons I became interested in4691the tech hub is actually an Idaho employer came to me and said,4692``Do you understand the Europeans are trying to buy us?'' and I4693was like, ``No, I didn't understand that.'' And he said, ``Yes.4694Everybody is looking for the best technology, and they see it4695in our country, and they want to buy it, and we are not doing4696it and creating the supply chain.''4697    So how do you think in this job and role you can help4698improve supply chain identifications for America's4699competitiveness, particularly in manufacturing?4700    Mr. Haines. Thank you, Senator. One word simply is mapping.4701We are doing this across a wide variety of sectors, critical4702minerals one, mine the market, the term that we use often. We4703have to understand the supply chain, understand where their4704chokepoints are, if any. There are two components within4705Industry Analysis that do supply chain analysis, the Trade4706Policy and Analysis, or TP&A, division, as well as the Supply4707Chain Center. There is a good amount of overlap there. If4708confirmed, one of my sole focuses is going to be supercharge4709our analytic capabilities, bring some currently out-of-house4710tools in-house, to be able to answer specific questions just4711like that, and to be able to have a little bit more control in4712terms of mapping and analytics and supply chains.4713    Senator Cantwell. And do you look at this issue as a true4714competition issue with China and other countries, to make sure4715that we are mapping these supply chains?4716    Mr. Haines. It absolutely is. It is a competitive issue4717across the board. I would say yes, Senator.4718    Senator Cantwell. OK. And then there is legislation4719sponsored by myself, Blackburn, Blunt Rochester, and Young on4720promoting resilient supply chain. Will you look at that and4721tell us whether you can support that legislation?4722    Mr. Haines. I have looked at it. We provided initial TA,4723and if passed I would be happy to implement it to the fullest4724extent and work with the Committee to do so.4725    Senator Cantwell. You do not see any problems with it now?4726    Mr. Haines. I would have to read the bill over again. The4727current text is escaping me. But I am happy to do that and get4728back to you.4729    Senator Cantwell. For the record that would be great. Thank4730you so much, Mr. Chairman.4731    Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Moran.47324733                STATEMENT OF HON. JERRY MORAN,4734                    U.S. SENATOR FROM KANSAS47354736    Senator Moran. Chairman, thank you. Thank you and Senator4737Cantwell for exhibiting greater speed than the normal Senate4738process in having this hearing in hopes that----4739    Chairman Cruz. I am pretty sure glaciers move at greater4740speed.4741    Senator Moran. We share that view, Mr. Chairman, and nice4742to see that this Committee is moving forward in regard to4743confirmation, consideration and confirmation of a new NASA4744Administrator. And I look forward to his confirmation and look4745forward to the Senate considering--the approval of this4746Committee and the Senate approving it, presumably next week.4747    Mr. Isaacman, let me start with you. My intended questions4748changed a bit because I received a letter this week from a4749Kansas farmer, and it captured my attention because I certainly4750share the views of Senator Cantwell and Senator Cruz in regard4751to the Moon and Mars, and I suppose nationally what the public4752thinks about NASA is we are on our way to some object in space,4753and we are exploring space. But NASA has lots of roles. You4754have talked about STEM education being one of them.4755    I want to mention, for a moment, the mission directive of4756science, and the letter that captured me is from a Kansas4757farmer named Mr. Roth. And he indicates to me that ``NASA's4758earth science investments''--I am reading from his letter--4759``now directly support U.S. farmers in ways that were4760unimaginable even a decade ago. Tools based on NASA's data and4761science, like OpenET, NISAR, the Rangeland Analysis Platform4762provide real-time, field-level insight into soil moisture,4763biomass, drought stress, water use, yield stability. These are4764not ``future technologies,'' he says. ``They are already built,4765functional, and being used in states like mine today.'' He4766mentions, ``FIAT is a national farmer-science partnership that4767brings early development producers together with NASA4768researchers to co-develop practical on-farm tools using4769satellite data. This mission is to unite farmers with NASA to4770turn Earth observation technology into real-world decisions4771that support profitability, water efficiency, and risk4772reduction.''4773    A Kansas farmer found value in NASA. It is something we do4774not always talk about and think about when we think about4775space.4776    I am looking for your thoughts in response to what this4777farmer is reminding me of. How do you see NASA supporting or4778operationally developing the satellites that support precision4779agriculture? Tell me your response to this idea that NASA has a4780role to play in the everyday lives of Kansas and American4781agriculture?4782    Mr. Isaacman. Thank you for the question, Senator. I mean,4783at the present time we only inhabit one planet, and earth4784science is pretty vitally important. It is a role that NASA has4785had since the agency was established. We have Landsat4786satellites up there that are looking down, understanding4787droughts and flooding and wildfires, natural disasters, almost4788essentially in real time, that obviously play a direct role on4789the agriculture community. There is obviously our GPS4790constellations that are going to go hand-in-hand with4791agriculture equipment for next-generation farming. So I do see4792this as a vital role that NASA continues to fulfill.4793    Senator Moran. I thank you for that statement, that4794commitment. I am pleased to be a member of this Committee, and4795I chair the Subcommittee on Aviation and Space. But I also4796serve as the Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee4797that funds NASA as well as the Department of Commerce. And Mr.4798Isaacman, have you had a chance to look at our budget, our4799appropriations bill, and any response to what our committee has4800approved and what we expect to be on the Senate floor in the4801next two weeks?4802    Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, I do not think I can really4803comment on any pending legislation other than to say that we4804will absolutely maximize every dollar Congress affords to the4805agency.4806    Senator Moran. Would you expand that commitment to say that4807you will execute the funding that we provide to NASA in this4808legislation as it is intended to be spent?4809    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I will always follow the law, sir.4810    Senator Moran. Thank you. I would also use this opportunity4811to indicate on our success in bringing the Commerce, Justice,4812Science bill to the Senate floor. I encourage all my colleagues4813who are so excited about space exploration and going to the4814Moon, and going to Mars, and maybe who have an interest in4815agriculture and earth sciences, I would encourage them to4816actually vote for the appropriation bill so that we can, in4817addition to authorizing and confirming personnel, we can4818actually accomplish the goals that this Committee is spending4819time this morning highlighting.4820    Let me ask about another aspect. I have 14 seconds. Let me4821a question, in fairness, so that the gentleman from Tennessee4822is not ignored, that a bit follows the question of Senator4823Cantwell, and that is making sure that using ITA not only as a4824trade remedy and for export promotion but to be a proactive4825partner in shaping industrial policy, improving supply chain4826resiliency, and strengthening U.S. competitiveness. Tell me4827that you believe that is a significant component of what your4828job is and will be?4829    Mr. Haines. Thank you, Senator. That is the core component4830of the job.4831    Senator Moran. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.4832    Chairman Cruz. Thank you, Senator Moran. And Senator Kim4833has very kindly agreed to allow Senator Moreno to skip in front4834of him in line since Senator Moreno has to preside on the4835Senate floor. So thank you, Senator Kim, and I recognize4836Senator Moreno.48374838               STATEMENT OF HON. BERNIE MORENO,4839                     U.S. SENATOR FROM OHIO48404841    Senator Moreno. Thank you, Senator Kim, and that does not4842mean I am going to be less harsh on you in the pickleball4843court. But thank you for doing that. I appreciate that. Thank4844you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you, Mrs. Isaacman, for putting up4845with this double-take process. I am sure having a great,4846supportive spouse has been critical in your life like it has4847been for mine.4848    Mr. Isaacman, as the Administration looks to accelerate4849Golden Dome and strengthen national security space4850capabilities, how do you see NASA and the U.S. Space Force4851better coordinating their work in power, propulsion,4852communications, and hypersonic missile testing, especially4853given the unique test environments at places like Armstrong4854Test Facility, to avoid duplication and move faster?4855    Mr. Isaacman. Thank you for the question, Senator. So4856clearly NASA's job is the peaceful exploration of air and4857space. It is also not lost on us that this is a domain that is4858of great strategic importance, and I do think in a fiscally4859constrained environment it is important that we are not having4860duplicate infrastructure or various bespoke programs when we4861could have a more unified approach to it.4862    For example, a lot of the work that is done both at Glenn4863and Marshall Space Flight Center with nuclear has applications4864for peaceful exploration of space, surface power programs, but4865also Department of War implications. And I would hope that we4866could collaborate, at least with some of our counterparts in4867other agencies, again to avoid any duplicative spending or4868inefficient application of resources.4869    Senator Moreno. That is great. Speaking of nuclear, at NASA4870Glenn Research Center we are leading in the development of a4871100-kilowatt lunar fusion reactor. How should NASA build on4872this leadership in nuclear power and propulsion to ensure that4873the U.S. stays ahead in returning to the Moon and reaching4874Mars?4875    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I love that question. I think NASA4876is funded by the taxpayers to do the near impossible, as I4877mentioned in my opening remarks, what no other agency or4878organization or even company is capable of doing or dares to4879do. I think NASA should be evolving to work on grand, almost4880mini-Manhattan Project nuclear programs that have the benefit4881for surface power applications, especially when you are out of4882sunlight or you are undertaking discovery missions, let's say4883past Mars, for example, or even actually on the surface of Mars4884for manufacturing propellant.4885    So I think this working, whether it is on nuclear electric4886propulsion, nuclear thermal propulsion, surface power programs,4887there are a ton of applications that NASA should be working on4888in that regard. And when NASA does work on the near impossible,4889what no one else is doing, it attracts the kind of talent that4890wants to participate in those programs and achieve these kinds4891of, I guess, world-changing breakthroughs.4892    Senator Moreno. I appreciate that, and I look forward to4893having you and hosting you in Cleveland at NASA Glenn. A very4894easy trip from home. So I will not keep him long. He will be4895home for dinner if he comes and visits, as opposed to Texas,4896really far away. It is a very out-of-your-way trip to go down4897there. But Cleveland, right around the corner.4898    Mr. Haines, the U.S. depends on specialized aerospace4899supply chains. What is your plan to strengthen domestic4900component manufacturing and reduce reliance on Chinese4901suppliers?4902    Mr. Haines. Thank you for that question, Senator, and thank4903you again for meeting with me yesterday. I appreciated the time4904and hearing what your priorities are.4905    I would say three things. One is the role of Industry4906Analysis is to support a wide variety of trade policies. We are4907currently conducting a number of different investigations. We4908are supporting a number of different investigations, like4909Section 232s, 301s at USTR. And as a part of that we are4910understanding what these supply chains are, where they head,4911and how to create the incentives to bring those back here to4912the United States. We are meeting with industry regularly. Our4913Deputy Assistant Secretary for Manufacturing was just at the4914Dubai Air Show, met with Boeing, met with a number of different4915aviation companies, understanding what their needs are and4916coming up with creative solutions to bring that back here to4917America.4918    Senator Moreno. And last question, you do, obviously, a lot4919of data. I mean, your jobs is to really make certain that4920people understand what the set of circumstances are. Others4921opine and make decisions, et cetera. Would it be possible4922without President Trump's policies for us to have gone from 514923percent of the cars sold in America being made in America at4924the beginning of this calendar year, to where we are right now,4925which is at 57 percent and climbing of the cars sold in America4926being made in America? Without President Trump's policies,4927would that 6-point swing in less than a year have been4928possible?4929    Mr. Haines. No, Senator.4930    Senator Moreno. Thank you. No questions. Thank you, Mr.4931Chairman.4932    Chairman Cruz. Thank you, and now I recognize Senator Kim.49334934                  STATEMENT OF HON. ANDY KIM,4935                  U.S. SENATOR FROM NEW JERSEY49364937    Senator Kim. Thank you, Chairman. Mr. Isaacman, good to see4938you again. Last time around we had a lot of opportunities to be4939able to talk between the two of us. We both stressed how4940important NASA is and space exploration is to our country, to4941our science. And while we did not see eye-to-eye on everything,4942I was willing to support you.4943    Now you come before us again, and one thing that has come4944up that is on my mind right now is having seen a document named4945``Project Athena''. So I guess I just want to ask you, what is4946Project Athena, and do you stand by what is in that document?4947    Mr. Isaacman. Thanks for the question, Senator. At the time4948of my previous nomination, moving into a new environment such4949as government service, and that responsibility is great as the4950leadership of NASA, I had caught a draft document that I4951continued to update, based on my interactions with, well, the4952briefing leadership at NASA's agency, my interactions with4953various Senators and their staff, basically ideas, thoughts on4954the direction the agency research requests. It was always4955something that was meant to be, you know, refined with actual4956data should I have been confirmed in it. But I do stand behind4957everything in the document. Even though it was written 7 month4958ago, I think it was all directionally correct, consistent with4959prior testimony and my interactions with various Senators.4960    Senator Kim. So you were the author of the document?4961    Mr. Isaacman. I am, Senator.4962    Senator Kim. Are you the sole author of the document?4963    Mr. Isaacman. I am, Senator.4964    Senator Kim. So I guess the challenge that I have is when4965you came before this Committee a couple of months, actually in4966response to the Chairman, you said to him, quote, ``Senator, I4967have no intention as of now to say that I would cancel any4968program. I need to, if I am confirmed to be getting a job,4969understand where things are at.'' And what we had talked about4970is that if you were confirmed that you would go in, you would4971allow yourself to be in the job before you make these4972decisions, you would engage with the NASA employees and others.4973    So when I see in ``Project Athena'' comments like calling4974for a reevaluation of sustained lunar presence, I mean, you4975said to the Chairman today that you are committed to Artemis,4976committed to an enduring presence on the lunar surface. But4977then you just tell me right now that you stand behind the4978document and stand behind, I assume, this statement about4979reevaluating a sustained lunar presence?4980    So I am just having trouble understanding what to believe.4981So do you stand by that comment, that line in Project Athena,4982about reevaluating a sustained lunar presence?4983    Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, I mean, it was 62 pages worth4984of material, so I imagine any one sentence or so can be taken4985out of context. But in my prior testimony before this Committee4986I said it was imperative for us to realize our near-term lunar4987objectives. I think at the time I said, and determine the4988scientific, economic, and national security value of being on4989the lunar surface. I think today I come before you because4990there is overwhelming clarity within the Administration of not4991only to return to the Moon before our rival but also establish4992the infrastructure for an enduring presence. So that naturally,4993you know, 6, 7 months is an awful lot of time.4994    But, you know, I would say, Senator, there are probably 104995pages within that plan that call for research requests, to make4996sure that you gather the accurate information to inform a4997definitive plan. But I certainly do stand behind the idea that4998if anyone is going into a position of great responsibility it4999is better to go in with a plan than none at all, sir.5000    Senator Kim. But isn't it better also to have humility in5001the job and to be able to go and engage the experts and5002scientists who have been doing this work? I mean, I do not mind5003people having a vision and having priorities, but you had told5004this Committee that you would hold off on making up your mind.5005But the document very much came--and I was not trying to take5006anything out of context. I am giving you the opportunity to5007explain it.5008    For instance, you responded to a colleague of mine about5009the importance of climate science and the role that science is5010playing, NASA is playing in that way. But in the Project Athena5011you said, quote, well, you say, quote, ``NASA should be taken5012out of taxpayer-funded climate science business and leave it5013for academia to determine.'' That stands in contrast, I feel5014like, with things that we have heard you say before.5015    So I guess I wanted to ask you, do you stand by that5016statement of taking NASA out of the climate science business?5017    Mr. Isaacman. Well, and Senator, first of all, I completely5018agree with you, by the way. I think humility is an important5019quality of leadership. And that is why, again, I would say if5020it is not 10 pages it could be 20 pages of the 62 that5021specifically call for research requests from across the5022associate administrators, the various subject matter experts,5023to inform a definitive plan. That is throughout the entire5024document. There are very----5025    Senator Kim. Did not seek a request. It was determinative5026in saying that it should take out. And also in terms of laying5027out cutting of thousands of civil servant positions. So look, I5028am out of time. We will follow up. But as I said, I am trying5029to be someone who can work together. I think this needs to be5030bipartisan going forward. But some of what I saw in that5031document was in contrast to things that I heard you say before,5032at least that you had assured me about. It is OK to say that5033you changed your mind or that you do not agree with everything5034that you said in that document. I had expected you to say that.5035But instead when you come here before us today and say that you5036stand behind what is in that document, that causes us to have5037further follow up here to understand what your positions are.5038    Mr. Isaacman. And Senator, I would welcome any opportunity5039to get together, and I would happily talk through anything in5040that plan or that document and give you the rationale behind5041it, and I would welcome your feedback. To do this job is going5042to absolutely take the collaboration and cooperation with this5043Committee and Congress.5044    Senator Kim. Thank you for that. And with that I yield5045back.50465047                STATEMENT OF HON. ERIC SCHMITT,5048                   U.S. SENATOR FROM MISSOURI50495050    Senator Schmitt [presiding]. Thank you. Mr. Isaacman, I5051wanted to ask you. So, let's just pretend you are in Missouri,5052among a group of students, constituents, just a good cross-5053section of my state. If you were to answer the question, why is5054it important that the United States of America gets to the Moon5055first or gets to Mars first ahead of the Chinese, what would be5056your answer?5057    Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, I think there are a couple5058reasons, one of which is fulfilling a promise that has been5059made by every President since 1989, and over $100 billion that5060has been funded by taxpayers on our grand return to the Moon. I5061think it is imperative that we do so, and failing to do so5062calls into question American exceptionalism beyond just our5063expertise in the high ground of space.5064    Second, I do believe, as I mentioned in my opening remarks,5065that when we return, we will have an opportunity to determine5066and realize the scientific, economic, and national security5067value on the lunar surface. Now, an example I used in my5068previous hearing is that there is helium-3 on the Moon, not a5069lot of it, but certainly more than there is here on Earth, and5070that is predicted to be a more efficient source of fusion5071power.5072    Now, I mean, our foreign policy and wars have been fought5073for a century over sources of power. To get that wrong could5074have implications here on Earth that could change the balance5075of power.5076    Senator Schmitt. We have, in this country, I think, a5077pretty robust ecosystem of new companies, small businesses,5078disruptors that have entered the fray here as it relates to5079whether it is commercial space exploration or travel or what5080have you. How can NASA, in your role, help cultivate that work5081with them? Because I do think that is one of the advantages we5082have over China in this race. What can you do in potentially5083this new role?5084    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, it is a great question. And a lot of5085people do believe generally these are new developments, but in5086reality, going back to the 1960s in the space race, NASA worked5087alongside some of our great aerospace companies. I mean,5088whether it was Boeing or McDonnell Douglas----5089    Senator Schmitt. McDonnell Douglas.5090    Mr. Isaacman.--and Northrop for sure, sir. So, a lot of5091those names are still very relevant within the space program5092today. And then there are also a lot of new names that is5093referred to sometimes as new space or commercial space. I think5094it is going to take the contributions of the many to do the5095near impossible.5096    Now, where NASA can play a role, as consistent in the past,5097which is sharing its expertise and talent to help these new5098companies. When NASA does tend to figure out the near5099impossible and it is mature enough technology to hand it off to5100industry where innovation can improve upon the capability and5101lower cost, that is a great outcome.5102    I also think NASA can do a very good job expressing the5103need. What is the requirement? Because there are lots and lots5104of commercial space companies now. I think Ranking Member5105Cantwell mentioned, I think said over 1,000 in her state alone.5106That is fantastic. We just want to make sure they are all5107working on things that bubble up to our most important5108objectives.5109    So, I think NASA can do an even better job of working with5110industry to outline the problems that need to be solved and5111ensure we are concentrating American ingenuity in the right5112direction, sir.5113    Senator Schmitt. Well, I think that to put on the parochial5114hat for a moment, I think St. Louis is a defense tech hub with5115former McDonell Douglas and Boeing with their defense side, the5116NGA West, which is completing their new facilities, a lot of5117opportunities, which leads to sort of the next question on5118quantum. Washington University in St. Louis is doing a lot of5119really important work here. How do you see NASA's role in5120furthering that mission, to be on the cutting edge?5121    Because I think what I was getting at with the first5122question, all of this, civilizations come and go, right? And in5123many ways, whoever has the most advanced technology, whether it5124is warfare or on more of the commercial side, they tend to5125thrive and win out, win this great competition. And NASA is5126playing a very important role, and will continue to play an5127important role. How do you see, on the quantum side, NASA5128working with research institutions and the private sector?5129    Mr. Isaacman. It is an excellent, excellent question,5130Senator.5131    Senator Schmitt. Thank you, by the way. Thank you for that.5132    Mr. Isaacman. I mentioned earlier about the importance of5133determining the orbital economy. So for 60 years, other than a5134few exceptions, the space economy has still come down to5135launch, observation, and communication, which is largely funded5136by the government. And if we do want a very exciting space-5137faring civilization in the future with lots of space stations5138and orbital lunar outposts and Mars bases, we are going to5139actually have to figure out that economy. There is a lot of5140prospect when it comes to quantum computing, quantum5141communications.5142    And what I would like to do is ensure that the highest5143potential science and research has an expeditious path to the5144International Space Station, so we can maximize that remaining5145life and then hopefully crack the code on the orbital economy5146that gives all the commercial space stations a fighting chance.5147So, quantum has a number of applications that can take5148advantage of the unique environment of microgravity, sir.5149    Senator Schmitt. Well, thank you for your service, and I5150wish you all the best in this new position. Good luck. Yep.51515152                STATEMENT OF HON. GARY PETERS,5153                   U.S. SENATOR FROM MICHIGAN51545155    Senator Peters. Welcome, gentlemen. Welcome to the5156Committee and congratulations on your nominations. Mr.5157Isaacman, welcome back to the Committee. You were here before5158for this position. And as we all know, President Trump withdrew5159your nomination earlier, citing concerns with your, I believe,5160political donations to Democratic candidates. And in a July 6th5161post on Truth Social, the President also stated that it would5162be absolutely inappropriate for you to head NASA given your5163close relationship with SpaceX CEO, Elon Musk.5164    Since that time, there have been additional reports that in5165the time between your nomination being pulled and now being5166renominated by the President, I think you have donated roughly5167$2 million to President Trump's Super PAC.5168    So, based off this information, I am concerned that the5169decisionmaking around this position may not have been about5170ensuring NASA has strong leadership to carry out its mandate.5171So could you please explain what happened to make President5172Trump reconsider the decision to pull your nomination and what5173assurances you may have provided, if any, that your5174relationship with Elon Musk and SpaceX would not create a5175significant conflict of interest for you in this role?5176    Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, there is a lot there, so I5177will try and hit it all. If I miss----5178    Senator Peters. Attack it all.5179    Mr. Isaacman.--If I miss anything, please ask me to5180correct. So, first and foremost, I would not even begin to want5181to speculate why the President nominated me, withdrew it, and5182renominated me other than to say I was grateful for the5183opportunity in the first place. It was an incredible5184experience. When the President pulled my nomination, he gifted5185me an extended summer vacation where I could take my kids on5186some adventures before they lose interest in me. And then I5187understand that he ran a competitive process and interviewed5188several candidates. I was grateful for consideration at the5189time and happy to be here now.5190    In terms of donations, I think it was covered over the5191summer, I actually felt I had enough exposure to Washington and5192got over maybe some of the initial intimidation factors, so5193much so that I thought perhaps I would have a political career,5194maybe be able to contribute for all the right reasons. So it5195should not be surprising that I supported the Republican Party.5196I mean, at the same time period, I probably made 30 times that5197amount in donations to charitable causes.5198    And then with respect to Elon Musk, that question comes up.5199In fact, every story I see that writes about my nomination5200refers to the Musk ally or the Musk friend. It is funny that in5201a world where everybody has a phone with a camera on it, there5202are no pictures of us at dinner, at a bar, on an airplane, or5203on a yacht, because they do not exist. My relationship with Mr.5204Musk is the fact that I led two missions to space at SpaceX5205because it is the only organization that can send astronauts to5206and from space since the shuttle was retired. And in that5207respect, my relationship is no different than that of NASA.5208    Senator Peters. Very good. Mr. Haines, congratulations on5209your nomination to such a critical role, as well. If confirmed5210as the Assistant Secretary, you will oversee the Office of5211Industry and Analysis, which is housed under the International5212Trade Administration. As part of the office's responsibilities,5213I&A produces trade data that is responsible for informing trade5214policies and decisions across the Federal Government. I think5215it is safe to say, and I hope you agree, that without accurate5216data, the Federal Government and this Administration risk5217making shortsighted and ill-informed decisions that could5218impact domestic industries and workforces, as well as alienate5219some of our closest international allies.5220    As you may be aware, earlier this year, the President fired5221the Commissioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which is5222responsible for compiling critical economic data like5223employment numbers, as well as the inflation rate. Not only was5224this firing clearly political in nature, because the President5225did not like what the data said, it also calls into question5226the accuracy of data produced going forward from the BLS.5227    So my fear is that this firing and other offices throughout5228the Federal Government, including I&A, which you will oversee,5229will face political pressures from the President to produce5230certain figures, certain metrics that align with his policy5231goals, rather than actually publishing what the country needs,5232which is unbiased data and statistics.5233    So my question for you, do you believe that there is any5234political influence in the data currently being produced by the5235Office of Industry and Analysis? And how do you plan, if5236confirmed, in ensuring that I&A continues to produce the5237unbiased data, which is absolutely essential to policymaking?5238    Mr. Haines. Thank you for that question, Senator Peters.5239The short answer is no, there is no political bias in the data5240that we produce. And if confirmed, it will be one of my highest5241priorities to ensure that the data we receive both from5242industry partners, American companies, and from unbiased data5243sources, both private proprietary will remain of the highest5244integrity.5245    Chairman Cruz [presiding]. Thank you. Senator Sheehy.5246    Senator Sheehy. Thank you, Chairman. Mr. Haines, we have5247heard a lot about the politicization of job numbers and5248economic statistics over the past year since President Trump's5249taken office, but isn't it accurate that Gina Raimondo had an5250800,000-job revision when she was Secretary of Commerce under5251the Biden administration?5252    Mr. Haines. That is possible, Senator. I am not sure the5253exact statistics, but----5254    Senator Sheehy. Yes. No, that is what happened. That is the5255facts. So we are routinely told that this Administration of the5256Republican Party has politicized numbers, we have warped data,5257and we have lied to the American people. And the truth is, we5258saw manufacturing flee this country, 97 percent of rare earths5259and critical minerals are processed in China. That data did not5260seem to move the needle at all despite us watching for decades5261as manufacturing-critical industries fled this country under5262overburdensome regulation and incentivization that sent those5263industries to other countries.5264    And every administration, whether they had politicized5265data, non-politicized data, they chose to either ignore the5266data or lie about the data and sent those industries overseas.5267And now we are paying for that every single day.5268    And Jared's job is going to be exponentially harder because5269so much of the critical materials he is going to need to send5270our astronauts back to the Moon and maintain space dominance5271does not come from America. And some of our most sensitive5272technology is built with components that are made in China, the5273very country that is working every single day to undermine our5274supremacy.5275    So I would like to hear your plan on making sure that not5276just that we have the data, but you are ensuring that data is5277shared in a timely manner so that we can make sure we are5278making policy decisions in this body, as well as in the5279Executive Branch, to ensure that we are bringing those5280industries back and ensuring we have dominance for the next5281century?5282    Mr. Haines. Thank for that question, Senator Sheehy. First,5283you do have my commitment that we will be able to share that5284data with this Committee and work collaboratively to solve5285these critical issues.5286    In the Executive Branch, I can give one specific example.5287I&A plays a critical role in the investment committee that is5288currently tasked with solving our critical mineral supply chain5289issues. We are mapping mine-to-markets for all 54 critical5290minerals. We have identified over 700 projects, and have5291already deployed or committed letters of intent and term sheets5292for about $16 billion worth of projects, covering about half of5293the 54 critical minerals. That is just one aspect of the work5294that I&A is doing in terms of providing that data and making5295sure that principals and decisionmakers in the White House,5296obviously Secretary Lutnick, have the information they need to5297make the decisions to solve these problems. And we will5298continue to do that, if confirmed.5299    Senator Sheehy. Is there a statute that structurally ties5300you to the Department of War so that the economic data that you5301are gathering and synthesizing is actually communicated in a5302timely manner to the people that need to know at DoW?5303    Mr. Haines. I am not aware of a specific statute. We do5304have good connectivity with the Pentagon, Office of Strategic5305Capital, and other areas within acquisition sustainment, partly5306due because we have just some cross-pollination of personnel5307and just good relationships with the folks over there, but it5308could be strengthened. And if there are ideas from this5309Committee of how to strengthen that, I will be willing to share5310them and would be willing to work with you to do that.5311    Senator Sheehy. Yes. I would encourage you to do that5312because obviously what we have seen, again, especially in the5313last 35 years, is we have seen a pretty sclerotic bureaucracy5314overtake our defense acquisition system, which has placed5315process over outcomes. There needs to be a forcing function5316that ensures that DoW is not making procurement decisions and5317national economic strategy decisions related to our defense5318industrial base that are delinked from the economic reality of5319what happens here.5320    And unfortunately, there is not a real feedback loop there,5321and the results have been apparent. China build ships 230 times5322faster than we do. They have the ability to put more planes in5323the air at times than we have missiles to shoot them down. They5324have more materiel on the battlefield, the ability to project5325that power. And when we talk about the space economy, every5326American interacts every single day with space a thousand times5327a day. They do not even realize it, you know, GPS. Without5328thinking about, we press go on the Apple Maps and do not5329realize that if we do not have an orbital infrastructure that5330provides that GPS data, life shuts down. I mean, Uber does not5331show up at the street corner with you anymore. Your DoorDash5332does not arrive.5333    Our entire life evolves around an orbital economy that will5334be critical in Jared's new role, but probably even more5335critical given your role to ensure we understand that those5336rare earths, the quantum computing that Senator Schmitt talked5337about, that all is going to derive from the data you provide5338DoW to make sure that our economic supremacy goes hand-in-hand5339with our military supremacy.5340    So I would encourage you to try to make that link a little5341more structural and strengthen that because it is going to be5342absolutely critical in the next 10 years. Thank you.5343    Mr. Haines. Thank you, Senator.5344    Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Markey.53455346               STATEMENT OF HON. EDWARD MARKEY,5347                U.S. SENATOR FROM MASSACHUSETTS53485349    Senator Markey. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Good to see you5350again, Mr. Isaacman. You may recounter that during your last5351nomination hearing, you refused to confirm whether Elon Musk,5352with whom you have deep personal and financial ties, was5353present at the meeting that then President-Elect Trump offered5354you the job of NASA Administrator. So I wanted to give you one5355more chance to set the record straight. Was Elon Musk in the5356meeting at Mar-a-Lago when President Trump offered you the job?5357    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, it is great to have a conversation5358again. I thought we really ran this one to the ground last5359time. But what I will tell you, Senator, and I wish I had the5360opportunity to explain it further before, is my first interview5361with the President--I think I have had several opportunities5362since to reengage--was in a ballroom type setting, Senator.5363There were dozens of people moving in and out that I would not5364say were in the meeting.5365    Senator Markey. It is a very simple question. Was President5366Trump in the room when--was Elon Musk in the room when5367President Trump offered you the job?5368    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, my interview, my conversations with5369the President, and there were dozens of people moving in and5370out of the room, and I do not think it is fair to bring any of5371them into this matter.5372    Senator Markey. So once again, you are refusing to tell us5373whether Elon Musk was in the room that day. And that actually5374makes me think that Elon Musk was in the room that day, but5375that you understand that it is a clear conflict of interest5376that he was there. You are asking us to confirm you as the next5377NASA Administrator, and SpaceX gets $15 billion from American5378taxpayers for its business with NASA. You also have multiple5379financial relationships with Elon Musk, including investments5380in SpaceX, a contract between his company, Starlink, and your5381payments company. And even more, you bought space flights from5382SpaceX. Mr. Isaacman, what was the value of these contracts for5383space flights with SpaceX?5384    Mr. Isaacman. Well, I mean, Senator, just to clarify on5385these points, I have no direct or indirect equity exposure to5386any aerospace company, including SpaceX. I have disclosed all5387of my financial ties to the ethics officials at NASA as well as5388the Office of Government Ethics. They have generated an ethics5389letter. I fully intend to adhere to it.5390    I more than acknowledged that I went to space twice with5391SpaceX, but I point out they are the only company capable of5392sending astronauts to and from space since the shuttle was5393retired. My relationship with them is no different than NASA's.5394In fact, if there was more than one company, I suspect I would5395have paid less.5396    Senator Markey. So what was the value of the contracts for5397space flights with SpaceX?5398    Mr. Isaacman. I mean, Senator, I do not think it is lost on5399anyone that going to and from space is rather expensive. We5400never disclosed the----5401    Senator Markey. Well, your financial paperwork suggests5402that was over $50 million. So was it $100 million? Was it $2005403million?5404    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I mean, we have never disclosed it5405other than the fact that we were able to raise substantially5406more than the cost of the mission for charitable causes like5407St. Jude.5408    Senator Markey. So you won't tell us how much you paid the5409man who publicly campaigned for your nomination. Will you5410request that SpaceX release you----5411    Mr. Isaacman. They did not give me a discount, Senator.5412    Senator Markey. I appreciate that, but you were paying him.5413Will you request that SpaceX release you from the NDA so that5414you can provide the Committee with this information?5415    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I will commit to always work with5416the appropriate ethics professionals to make sure I am5417continuously in compliance with my ethics agreement.5418    Senator Markey. Will you ask them to release you from the5419NDA so that you can provide that information to the Committee?5420    Mr. Isaacman. I have no issue asking them to release me5421from non-disclosure, Senator.5422    Senator Markey. OK. That would be helpful. Mr. Isaacman,5423can you tell us, since President Trump initially withdrew your5424nomination, have you had any communication with Mr. Musk about5425the job of NASA Administrator?5426    Mr. Isaacman. I have not, Senator.5427    Senator Markey. You have not. So the American people5428actually deserve to know how much money you have spent5429personally on SpaceX and whether the head of SpaceX and5430Starlink, Elon Musk, was personally involved in your5431nomination, because we are looking at conflicts of interest so5432big that they have their own center of gravity, and we just5433have to make sure that it is all out there and it is fully5434understood by the American people.5435    And since your last nomination, we have received the5436President's 2026 budget request, which proposes a nearly 505437percent cut to NASA's science funding. Do you support President5438Trump's proposal to cut NASA's science funding in half?5439    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I certainly support the President's5440goal of reducing the deficit and shrinking our national debt.5441Now, an awful lot has happened from the initial Presidential5442budget request, to the Continuing Resolution that we have been5443operating in, to the One Big Beautiful bill that has plussed up5444additional funding for NASA. So if I am confirmed, I would love5445to get my arms around where we are presently at.5446    Senator Markey. Well, a 50 percent cut to the NASA science5447budget is dramatic. And considering reports about your, quote,5448``Project Athena'' plan for NASA, which literally banks on the5449decimation of our scientific abilities, among other things this5450document calls for NASA to stop collecting its own data and5451instead set up a taxpayer-funded subscription service from5452private companies for their products, companies that will set5453their own price for data that NASA needs to function on an5454ongoing basis.5455    Would Starlink or SpaceX be companies that NASA would5456potentially have to turn to to obtain data?5457    Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, first of all, I think pretty5458much everything you just said there was not correct. What that5459draft document contemplated was working with commercial5460companies for certain types of earth observation data, not5461SpaceX or Starlink. I think I specifically called out Planet5462and BlackSky as examples of companies that might be able to5463deliver Earth observation and climate science data at lower5464costs, specifically to free up resources for other planetary5465science missions that commercial companies are not capable of5466doing.5467    Senator Markey. Well, I would say this. The proposal--and5468this is the truth--the proposal would strip NASA of parts and5469instead transfer taxpayer funds directly to the bank accounts5470of Starlink and SpaceX, companies owned by the very same man5471who may or may not have been in the room when Trump offered you5472the job. And we are just going to have to keep a very close eye5473on what will unfold at NASA if you are confirmed.5474    OK. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.5475    Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Budd.54765477                  STATEMENT OF HON. TED BUDD,5478                U.S. SENATOR FROM NORTH CAROLINA54795480    Senator Budd. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you all for5481being here. Mr. Isaacman, great to see you again. Let's talk5482about NASA's Quesst program of quiet supersonic. It is designed5483to derisk the science, validate the quiet supersonic5484technologies, and then let American industries like Boom, for5485instance, which has a presence in North Carolina, let them take5486the lead in building the commercial market.5487    So as Administrator, how will you ensure that NASA stays5488focused on enabling that new industry and avoids creating5489unintentional regulatory or technical barriers for the next5490generation supersonic flight?5491    Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, this is certainly a subject5492that I am pretty passionate about. I do think it is NASA's job,5493I believe it is funded by taxpayers, to explore the near5494impossible in air and space. And when they arrive at a major5495development and that capability is mature enough, to hand it5496off to industry where competition can drive innovation and5497bring down costs.5498    X-59 is an interesting example. There is some overlap with5499what Boom's doing. I think actually Boom is an extraordinary5500company. I would love to see a lot more American companies5501trying to break the status quo and take on big, bold projects5502like that.5503    I think NASA just needs a lot more X-planes, honestly. That5504was a really exciting one that we all had an opportunity to5505watch rather recently alongside the recent performance from5506Boom. But I would love to see us have multiple programs that5507are exploring radical designs in airframe and propulsion. And5508when they do have those breakthroughs, not dissimilar to the55091970s, 1980s when NASA was experimenting with fly by-wire and5510thrust vectoring capabilities that have made their way in5511commercial aircraft as well as military aircraft like the F-22.5512    Senator Budd. Do you think there is a problem with Quesst5513eventually competing against Boom? Do you think that is a5514potential problem?5515    Mr. Isaacman. No. I would certainly hope----5516    Senator Budd. I would say the whole industry, not just Boom5517in particular.5518    Mr. Isaacman. I would certainly hope not, Senator. I5519actually do not think NASA is at its best when it is doing what5520industry is doing, because at that point, talent would5521naturally probably gravitate to industry where they get the5522advantage of, who knows, appreciating stock options and such. I5523think NASA should constantly be recalibrating to work on that5524near impossible, what no one else is doing, which is going to5525attract that kind of exciting technology, that is going to5526attract that kind of talent to work on that exciting5527technology. When they figure it out, they hand it off to5528industry, and they recalibrate to the next big, bold endeavor.5529I think that serves the talent workforce and the mission of5530NASA very well.5531    Senator Budd. Thank you. In your testimony earlier, you5532were clear that United States is in the middle of a second5533space race. The great rival that you mentioned spent more than5534a decade establishing a space Silk Road, offering collaboration5535on satellite space launch, space infrastructure development to5536more countries across the Middle East and North Africa.5537    So how does this sort of space diplomacy from an adversary5538affect our prospects for continuing dominance in space? And5539what is your vision for space diplomacy of ours?5540    Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, I think there are a couple5541parts to that. So first, NASA has always been referred to as a5542soft power. There are lots of diplomatic implications to their5543mission. A lot of our greatest endeavors are worked on with our5544allies across Europe, the Middle East, Canada, for example.5545    I think what is concerning now is that some of these5546countries have more than one choice. So for the longest time5547period, America owned the ultimate high ground of space, and5548that attracted the interest of many nations to want to5549collaborate and partner with us. The Chinese do have their own5550space station now. They went from a single taikonaut in orbit5551approximately 20 years ago to having a space station where they5552are launching at an extraordinary cadence.5553    So I think this is why there needs to be urgency to take a5554close look at NASA, what is going right, and do a lot more of5555that, and the things that are going wrong, to clear those5556obstacles and paths so we can get back to doing world-changing5557missions again.5558    Senator Budd. Yes. Sounds great. Thanks again for your5559time. Chairman.5560    Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Lujan.55615562               STATEMENT OF HON. BEN RAY LUJAN,5563                  U.S. SENATOR FROM NEW MEXICO55645565    Senator Lujan. Mr. Chairman, thank you so very much for5566that and for calling this hearing. Mr. Isaacman, welcome back5567to the Commerce Committee. I guess I will just start out by5568simply asking, Mr. Isaacman, do you believe in science?5569    Mr. Isaacman. Of course, Senator.5570    Senator Lujan. Do you support science?5571    Mr. Isaacman. I do, Senator.5572    Senator Lujan. You have conducted a lot of science5573experiments throughout not just your youth, but through your5574career. Correct, sir?5575    Mr. Isaacman. Yes, sir.5576    Senator Lujan. I appreciate that. Now, a few of my5577colleagues have raised the concern about the nearly 50 percent5578cut to NASA's Science Mission Directorate, a directorate that5579is explicitly foundational to NASA's 1958 congressional5580charter. I think by the very nature of the number of questions5581that you are receiving today from colleagues about NASA, it5582shows the broad support for the science mission at NASA, as5583well. Congress has already made clear that we rejected these5584cuts and will continue to fund the scientific missions that5585uphold NASA's statutory purpose.5586    My question, yes or no, is do you agree that NASA has a5587statutory obligation under its founding charter to conduct and5588support Earth and space science for the benefit of the nation?5589    Mr. Isaacman. Yes, sir.5590    Senator Lujan. I appreciate that. This is going great, Mr.5591Isaacman. Many of NASA's science programs are not commodities.5592You cannot run a value-added calculation on dual-use5593information that supports both science discovery and national5594security. Now, for example, these missions provide5595indispensable space weather data. We were chatting about that5596before. I appreciate my colleague reminding us all across5597America when we pull out our devices or we are depending on the5598simple services that we interact with every day, that we are5599touching some of this, and we depend on it.5600    Like your friend, Mr. Musk, I would say some of the5601commercial actors, they depend on after solar activity has5602repeatedly disrupted their constellations, as well. Now, NASA,5603Earth Science assets also ensure GPS integrity, track5604environmental changes, everything you just described. U.S.5605military readiness, critically important. National security,5606the importance of the Science Directorate.5607    So let me ask you directly, yes or no, will you execute the5608funds appropriated by Congress for NASA's critical science5609missions exactly as Congress has directed?5610    Mr. Isaacman. Yes, sir. We will maximize the scientific5611value of every dollar that Congress affords the agency.5612    Senator Lujan. I appreciate that very much. My last5613question is, while I did not support the reconciliation bill5614that passed over the summer, there are pieces of it,5615particularly in NASA's section, that hold promise, and I5616appreciate the inclusion of them. For example, the NASA section5617funds a Mars telecommunications orbiter, specifically one that5618was proposed independently when NASA solicited its commercial5619industry for Mars sample return mission architecture from5620space. I see you nodding. You are very familiar with this, I5621imagine.5622    Mr. Isaacman. Reasonably familiar, Senator.5623    Senator Lujan. The orbiter would not only support future5624exploration missions, but most importantly it would help5625support the critical comms relay needed for existing and future5626science missions like the Mars sample return.5627    Now, New Mexico is home to companies like Rocket Lab who5628produced the world's highest efficiency space-grade solar and5629powered critical NASA missions and would power the MTO, for5630example.5631    So yes or no, do you commit to following through on the5632letter of the law and ensuring a rapid acquisition strategy for5633the MTO to be able to deliver it by the law's 2028 due date?5634    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, my commitment to you and all the5635other members is always to follow the law. As a space5636enthusiast, I am super excited about any activities that open5637up further science and discovery on Mars.5638    Senator Lujan. I appreciate that very much. Thank you, Mr.5639Chairman.5640    Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Klobuchar.56415642               STATEMENT OF HON. AMY KLOBUCHAR,5643                  U.S. SENATOR FROM MINNESOTA56445645    Senator Klobuchar. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. And I5646am going to start out with a kind of interesting question about5647agriculture data, Mr. Isaacman. I do not think many people5648understand that NASA satellite data is hugely valuable for5649farmers. Programs like NASA Acres and NASA Harvest use5650satellite imaging to forecast production and monitor crop5651yields. I am the Ranking Member on the Ag Committee, and I have5652introduced legislation called the ``Agriculture Innovation5653Act'' to strengthen that data collection.5654    Could you talk about your plans to preserve and expand5655those types of monitoring programs, weather patterns, and the5656like, and how you can better work with the Department of5657Agriculture?5658    Mr. Isaacman. Sure, Senator. I appreciate the question. As5659I mentioned with Senator Moran before, at the present time we5660at least inhabit only a single planet, and it is probably5661important for us to continue to study it to the greatest extent5662possible. NASA has had a long-running program with Intelsat. I5663fully support that we should be gathering data that especially5664contribute to hardships here on Earth. I mean, obviously there5665are great agriculture opportunities, but these can be impacted5666by droughts and wildfires and flooding. And grateful that NASA5667has the capability to gather some of this data in real time. I5668do not see that going away ever.5669    Senator Klobuchar. Thank you. Other end of our state, Mayo5670Clinic, which I am sure you are aware of, they have been5671involved in space medicine since 1960, when research related to5672the force of gravity during acceleration influenced the5673position of seats for the Mercury space flight program. And5674most recently, they have identified some important research5675project in the field of aging, regenerative medicine, that can5676be conducted in space.5677    How will you continue to support NASA and institutions like5678Mayo's efforts to advance science that helps here on Earth?5679    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I could not agree with this area of5680study more. We are actually quickly reaching a point where it5681is no longer a technological limitation for deep space type5682missions, but human physiology and psychology. So in that5683respect, I obviously fully support all the studies that can be5684done so that when the day comes that we actually send NASA5685astronauts to Mars, that they can come home healthy enough to5686tell us about it. This is probably the single greatest5687accomplishment we have had on the International Space Station5688over the last quarter of a century, is keeping humans alive in5689an environment that is quite challenging.5690    Senator Klobuchar. Mm-hmm. And then just on the research5691side, a lot of academic institutions like the University of5692Minnesota rely on publicly funded data from NASA's missions.5693And as NASA continues to partner with private firms, the5694commercial data is not as easily accessible to researchers. And5695I think it is a balance. Obviously the partnering with private5696has brought with its some success, but then you want to have5697the public institutions be able to access that data for the5698public portion of this, which has helped us. I am not going to5699go through all the inventions and things that have come out of5700this type of space mission.5701    So what steps will you take to ensure that data from NASA5702missions continues to remain available for researchers across5703the country?5704    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I actually, I fully support it, and5705I think this actually goes to some of the questions from5706Senator Markey before. I absolutely think that NASA should be5707making available all of its data, especially its earth5708observation data, freely to academia so they can draw their own5709conclusions from it. I do not think it is the most helpful5710every 4 or 8 years when administrations change that certain5711scientific positions become overly political. I think that we5712should be making that data available to academic institutions5713and let their scientists and research draw their own5714conclusions.5715    Senator Klobuchar. Thank you very much. Mr. Haines,5716congratulations on your nomination. We have a lot of5717manufacturers in my state, a lot of them high-end robotics5718manufacturers. We do a huge amount of trade, not just in the Ag5719area where we are fourth in the country for Ag exports, but5720throughout our industries.5721    Could you talk about data that the Department of Industry5722and Analysis can provide Congress and the public transparency5723data with the price impacts of things? We are obviously5724concerned about tariffs.5725    Mr. Haines. Thank you, Senator. I would say a few things.5726We usually provide data as it compares to bilateral trade flows5727and sectoral competitiveness, not provide broad economic data5728in terms of labor statistics or GDP growth or anything like5729that. Any data that we do have on specific sectors, especially5730as they are in your state, I am happy to discuss those with you5731and your staff. And by the way, thank you to your staff for5732meeting with me yesterday and understanding a little bit more5733about your priorities on the Committee. So absolutely, if5734confirmed, a commitment to you to provide the data that we do5735have.5736    Senator Klobuchar. Very good. And I think my time is5737running out. I will put this in writing. But I do a lot with5738Brand USA. And Senator Sullivan and I just introduced major5739reauthorization of this. And Senator Rosen over here cares a5740little bit about this, representing Las Vegas. And so just5741anything you can do to strengthen programs like Brand USA, that5742do not use taxpayer dollars, to ensure we continue to remain5743competitive with U.S. tourism, and especially with World Cup,5744the 2028 Olympics, and other major, major events that are5745coming up.5746    Mr. Haines. Yes, ma'am, Senator, you absolutely have my5747commitment to do that. I have met with Fred Dixon and Brand USA5748multiple times. The Secretary has met with them multiple times.5749And we look forward to working with them in a collaborative5750effort to make sure that travel and tourism remains5751competitive.5752    Senator Klobuchar. OK. Thank you.5753    Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Young.57545755                 STATEMENT OF HON. TODD YOUNG,5756                   U.S. SENATOR FROM INDIANA57575758    Senator Young. Well, thank you, Chair. I thank our nominees5759so much for your interest in serving. Mr. Isaacman, enjoyed our5760breakfast some days ago, and I expect to support your5761nomination and very much appreciate your presence here.5762    Mr. Haines, congratulations. The global economy is5763increasingly driven by cross-border data flows, digital5764services, and online platforms. And U.S. firms are facing more5765foreign barriers such as data localization rules and5766discriminatory digital taxes.5767    Within ITA, Industry and Analysis is already involved in5768tracking these digital barriers and advising on market access5769for U.S. providers. If confirmed, Mr. Haines, how do you see5770I&A's role in digital trade evolving, and what would be your5771top priorities for ITA's work on open digital markets and5772cross-border data flows?5773    Mr. Haines. Thank you for that question, Senator Young, and5774I appreciate also speaking to your staff yesterday.5775    Senator Young. Yes, sir.5776    Mr. Haines. It was good to hear your priorities.5777    I would say two things. Within the Deputy Assistant5778Secretary for Services, which is under the Assistant Secretary5779for Industry and Analysis, we run two specific programs that5780focus on data privacy. One is the cross-border privacy rules,5781or CBPR. It is a voluntary certification where U.S. companies5782can opt into essentially adhere to robust data protections. And5783we then request that various countries recognize those rules5784and adhere to those standards.5785    As we have been going through the agreements on reciprocal5786tariffs or any of the bilateral trade agreements, we have been5787making sure that CBPR is front and center in terms of the5788standard that we want to hold our bilateral trading partners to5789in the digital space.5790    The second program and its sister programs would be the5791U.S.-EU data privacy framework. We have also started a program5792with the U.K. and the Swiss. I think it provides a very firm5793foundation in terms of allowing free flow of personal data from5794Europe to the United States. I think those are two good5795foundations that we could expand upon, especially as we are5796getting into the U.S.-EU trade agreements, as Secretary Lutnick5797is heavily involved in, and we will be supporting him and his5798efforts, knowing that that is going to be a cornerstone of the5799agreement.5800    Senator Young. Thank you, Mr. Haines. Mr. Haines, on5801another matter, China's predatory practices in sectors like5802steel, critical minerals, and advanced manufacturing have5803continuously put sustained pressure on U.S. companies. Inside5804ITA, Industry and Analysis brings together industry engagement5805and trade policy analysis, so it sees both what companies are5806experiencing and how the rules of the system are working in5807practice.5808    If confirmed, Mr. Haines, what are a few concrete things5809you would build or change inside I&A to sharpen ITA's China5810work? For example, specific analytic products, priority5811sectors, or support for trade agreement enforcement.5812    Mr. Haines. Thank you, Senator. The most current concrete5813example I can provide you again is our current work on mapping5814critical mineral supply chains. I mean, this is the main trade5815issue in the U.S.-China trading relationship, and one that the5816President and Secretary Lutnick are laser focused on solving.5817Currently, we are providing mapping information for all 545818minerals. We are really focusing on the processing and refining5819side of the equation, given that, in that sense, China5820dominates the supply chains there. And we are going to continue5821to work with the White House-led Investment Committee to ensure5822that we not only understand those supply chains but are able to5823secure them and thus secure a number of different sectors that5824are downstream that require these critical components. So if5825confirmed, that would be one of my main focuses is to continue5826that work and help to secure those supply chains.5827    Senator Young. Well, since your point of emphasis is on5828critical minerals, maybe you could speak to this. I have5829advocated for a number of years running that our country5830developed a national economic security strategy. This would be5831an analog to our national defense strategy. A subset of an5832economic security strategy would be a strategy for critical5833mineral resilience and sourcing on an ongoing basis.5834    Might I&A play a role in development of a written strategy5835subject to scrutiny, but ultimately some measure of consensus5836around what the policy is so that we could develop a policy5837that would endure beyond this Administration, just as we do5838through a national defense strategy?5839    Mr. Haines. Yes, sir, Senator. I would imagine that any5840strategy like that would probably be White House-led, like a5841national security strategy, national defense strategy. And if5842something like that were to come into existence, I would5843imagine that we would absolutely be asked to provide support in5844developing that. And if it does come to fruition and I am5845confirmed, I would be delighted to do so.5846    Senator Young. Well, great. Well, I hope we will have an5847opportunity to work together on that broader matter, which I5848agree would have to come from the White House. I know they are5849listening, so I thought I would bring it up. But I expect that5850I will be supporting your nomination, and thank you for5851answering my questions. Chairman.5852    Senator Sheehy [presiding]. Senator Rosen.58535854                STATEMENT OF HON. JACKY ROSEN,5855                    U.S. SENATOR FROM NEVADA58565857    Senator Rosen. Well, thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you5858to the witnesses here for taking us to space and a little bit5859more, I will say, Nevada specific because we have a proud5860graduate of University of Nevada Reno here who knows lots about5861critical minerals in our state and tourism in our state. And I5862fully support working on a national strategy because Nevada, of5863course, has some of the largest critical mineral deposits in5864the country. And so we are very mineral rich, as you know, and5865thank you for being here.5866    But I am going to focus a little bit on tourism. I am going5867to bring us down to Earth and ask about my travel and tourism5868work and some of the bills that we have had. Because in 2023, I5869had a bipartisan bill, the Omnibus Travel and Tourism Act was5870signed into law. And that bill created a position of Assistant5871Secretary of Travel and Tourism at the Department of Commerce.5872    The new position is a first tourism-dedicated Assistant5873Secretary in the United States, and among other matters, is5874responsible for setting annual visitation goals, creating5875whole-of-government strategies to ensure that visitation goals5876are met, establishing interagency coordination to support U.S.5877tourism, which I would argue is in the top economic driver of5878every state in our great nation. This new office will also play5879an essential role to reducing barriers to travel and leveraging5880new technologies to make travel safer and more efficient.5881    However, despite the critical importance of this role,5882especially as the tourism industry continues to face5883significant challenges amid global uncertainty, the position5884remains vacant. Moreover, there is currently no Deputy5885Assistant Secretary for Travel and Tourism in place either. As5886a result, the National Travel and Tourism Office is led today5887by an Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary, further underscoring5888the leadership gap in this space.5889    And so it all means that tourism remains a suboffice,5890although critical to our national economy, remains a suboffice5891overseen by the Assistant Secretary for Industry and Analysis5892position, for which you are nominated, rather than by a new5893Assistant Secretary dedicated solely to focusing on the5894ecosystem. And it is an ecosystem. It is weather, it is5895infrastructure, it is workforce, it is broadband. We could go5896on and on, but someone who really focuses on this strategy for5897our economic growth.5898    So Mr. Haines, fully implementing the Omnibus Travel and5899Tourism Act, filling these key leadership roles are essential5900to strengthening our travel and tourism sector, our business5901sector. So can you speak to the importance of prioritizing5902travel and tourism substantial benefits, the tourism industry5903provides the economic impact tourism business travel provides5904and how will you support that, if confirmed, and until such5905time we can get an Assistant Secretary for Travel and Tourism?5906    Mr. Haines. Thank you, Senator Rosen. I knew I could expect5907a good robust travel and tourism question from you in the great5908state of Nevada.5909    Senator Rosen. Like I said, you lived in Nevada a long time5910so you know how to even say Nevada. Thank you.5911    Mr. Haines. Yes, ma'am. So a lot to unpack there. Well,5912first you will be happy to know that our Deputy Assistant5913Secretary for Travel and Tourism is going to start in January,5914Rob Leary. He is going to be absolutely excellent. We are5915excited to have him. And he will be spearheading a lot of the5916important work that you just highlighted.5917    Senator Rosen. Come bring him to our office to meet our5918team, please.5919    Mr. Haines. Yes, ma'am. I would love to have the same5920invitation as well, if possible.5921    Senator Rosen. Yes, absolutely.5922    Mr. Haines. I would say three things that I would be5923focused on to boost travel and tourism. Number one would be to5924modernize the survey for International Air Travelers Program,5925which is housed within NTTO. It is currently done by hand. We5926have only been able to get about 100,000 surveys of5927international visitors a year, well short of the one percent5928mandate by this Committee. We just put out a competitive bid a5929few months ago to digitize and automate that, hopefully getting5930more robust insights into travel and tourism trends and be able5931to capture a larger data set, and through that, be able to come5932up with better strategies at a more granular level to attract5933visitors.5934    The second piece would be, we are rolling out a new tool5935this month, hopefully. And if confirmed, I would love to come5936talk to you about that. And it is going to be a 50-state travel5937and tourism competitiveness matrix to where we currently5938understand where the United States fits in terms of global5939travel and tourism competitiveness. This would be able to say5940the state of Nevada hypothetically ranks number nine in5941attractiveness because they love the gaming, the food, the5942entertainment, but international visitors thought the weather5943was bad, the infrastructure, just you name it. And be able to5944come up with concrete recommendations for every 50 states of5945how to increase their competitiveness as a travel and tourism5946destination. This is a program that we are very excited about,5947and we would like to roll out far and wide.5948    Senator Rosen. I would look forward to collaborating with5949you on that because we have been doing a lot of work on it over5950the last 6 or 7 years, and I have some significant input that5951might be helpful to you. And I welcome you coming, working with5952our team to make it as robust as possible, because there are a5953lot of pieces and parts that go into making places attractive.5954A lot of it is infrastructure. And so there is a lot to talk5955about there. So I appreciate that.5956    Mr. Haines. Yes, ma'am, Senator Rosen. And on the Assistant5957Secretary piece, obviously, only the President can nominate5958someone. I will say with the, let's say bureaucratic minutia,5959the authorization is well recognized. I know that Secretary5960Lutnick puts a high value on that. Still would need an5961appropriation to build it out. I think it is going to be about5962$3.5 million.5963    Senator Rosen. We have appropriated the money in prior5964budgets.5965    Mr. Haines. Currently, our NTTO budget is about $7 million,5966$6 million of that is SIAT, and at least within the $56 million5967or budget within I&A. I do not want to say there is no money in5968the banana stand, but I think we would be looking to a specific5969appropriation from CJS to build that out.5970    Senator Rosen. Thank you. I see my time is up. I see5971Senator Capito there. Thank you. Mr. Isaacman. I will submit my5972questions on microgravity and other things and all great space5973for the record. Thank you.59745975            STATEMENT OF HON. SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO,5976                U.S. SENATOR FROM WEST VIRGINIA59775978    Senator Capito. Thank you. Thank you both for being here,5979and Mr. Haines, thank you for your willingness to serve. I5980think most of my questions are going to go to Mr. Isaacman, so5981I did not want you to take that as a slight in any form or5982fashion.5983    I have been a strong supporter of the growing West5984Virginia--we talked about this--West Virginia, Pennsylvania,5985Ohio space economy for many years, and believe that this5986region, perhaps best known for its energy and infrastructure5987prowess, has a unique opportunity to emerge as a leader in5988space energy and infrastructure.5989    So Mr. Isaacman, as someone who has built successful5990businesses in Pennsylvania, what role do you see for states5991like Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio working regionally5992that can share the space and technology attributes that are not5993in Texas, Alabama, Florida, California--I am glad Senator Cruz5994is not here--in shaping the future of America's space5995ambitions?5996    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, I really appreciate the question.5997Certainly as a resident of Pennsylvania, I would love nothing5998more than to see more of our students who graduate go in fields5999that are relevant to aerospace. But I have said many times, I6000mean, in order to deliver on NASA's world changing mission, it6001is going to require contributions from the best and brightest6002around the Nation. So all those states you mentioned before are6003certainly incredibly important. They have centers that are6004located in them that contribute greatly to NASA's mission, but6005we are going to need an incredibly growing workforce over the6006years that is going to come from across the Nation.6007    Senator Capito. I like the answer, the Keystone Space6008Collaborative, which is what I was talking about. I think also6009when you have centers of excellence around and participating in6010the manufacturing or the technology or innovation, it inspires6011the next generation. You can have cooperative agreements,6012internships, and other things to get that next generation.6013    I would note yesterday I was sent a letter that was sent to6014the Chairman and Ranking Member where numerous former6015astronauts spoke in favor of your nomination. I think when you6016and I spoke before, I spoke about one in particular that I have6017great admiration for, and I saw her name on the list, Peggy6018Whitson. So that is good enough for me. She is a remarkable6019astronaut woman and inspiration to the generations. And she6020came to West Virginia with me, and our young girls were just6021awestruck by her. So congratulations on securing that letter. I6022think that goes a long way.6023    I want to talk about IV&V that is located in the Katherine6024Johnson Parkersburg--it is not in Parkersburg--in Bridgeport.6025Katherine Johnson IV&V facility, as you know, this does the6026independent verification and validation. There is always this6027sort of looming threat that all of this is going to get6028privatized. I would certainly argue for that facility being6029very cost-effective, efficient, and the capabilities are6030tremendous there. I would like to talk to you about this in6031greater depth when your nomination is positively affirmed by6032this Senate, and by looking to not outsource what they do, but6033to maybe grow that presence. And so would you be willing to6034work with me on this?6035    Mr. Isaacman. Absolutely, Senator. And also very, very6036grateful that an Astronaut Hall of Famer like Peggy signed the6037letter of support. It means so much, along with all the other603835 astronauts who signed it.6039    I am very interested in taking that visit, ma'am, because I6040think in a world that we all envision someday in the future6041with lots of space stations and deep space missions, the6042reliance traditionally on mission control and hardware will6043diminish as we need to have more onboard decisionmaking and6044perhaps even the inclusion of AI onto some of our vehicles and6045even satellites, which will only increase the importance in6046terms of the integrity of the software. So I think it will6047obviously have a continuing role to support NASA, but perhaps6048many other agencies within the government as well.6049    Senator Capito. Good. Yes, we have been trying to expand6050that.6051    I would just very quickly, and this is not a short answer6052kind of question, but as we see the pursuit of our space6053program and others around the world, the Chinese in particular,6054to try to get back to the Moon, there is a lot of discussion on6055power generation on the Moon. And I do not know what your6056thoughts are here. I do not know if lunar surface power6057programs, I know it is talked about nuclear, but also solar. I6058mean, what are your ideas here and how far along are we on6059this?6060    Mr. Isaacman. Senator, so I love this topic, so I could far6061exceed our time here. So I want to offer up, I would welcome6062any opportunity to discuss further, but I am very big in6063nuclear and space. I mean, there are numerous applications for6064it. There are propulsion applications with nuclear electric,6065nuclear thermal propulsion. There are surface power6066requirements. We are going to need surface power for6067applications that do not have direct sun exposure. We are going6068to need surface power to likely manufacture propellant for6069missions to and from Mars and certainly deeper space6070exploration missions where just there is less solar6071effectiveness. So it is an area that I think is squarely within6072NASA's mission to be working on the near impossible to do what6073no one else can do and attract the talent that will want to6074work on exciting many Manhattan Project-like programs.6075    Senator Capito. Thank you. Thank you both, and thank you6076both for your willingness to serve.60776078             STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN HICKENLOOPER,6079                   U.S. SENATOR FROM COLORADO60806081    Senator Hickenlooper [presiding]. Thank you, Senator6082Capito. Let me start with Mr. Haines. We followed the6083discussions around critical minerals. I want to make sure we6084emphasize that is a bipartisan effort. I think the coordination6085and continuity of programs, there is not a pendulum going back6086and forth between administrations, focusing on the access to6087capital, workforce training. We are woefully behind not just6088China, but many of our allies in terms of how we find that6089workforce. So I will not rebuild that or re-litigate that6090discussion. I just only want to emphasize it is bipartisan.6091This is something that should be a high priority.6092    I do want to talk a little bit about some of the things,6093telecommunications, cyberspace, AI, quantum technologies.6094Colorado has a dense ecosystem there. And I think especially6095along with AI, quantum has--it is a field of intense6096competition between the United States and our rivals, our6097adversaries. So as our capabilities mature in quantum, in6098quantum sensing, quantum communication, computing, obviously,6099how can you help ensure that our quantum technologies are only6100exported to trusted markets?6101    Mr. Haines. Thank you for that question, Senator. I would6102say the Assistant Secretary for Industry and Analysis does not6103play an active role in export licensing policy. That is our6104colleagues at the Bureau of Industry and Security, or BIS. I6105will say that we have and will continue to gauge actively with6106industry to see where those markets exist and also understand6107the national security implications of those technologies, where6108they rack and stack in terms of competitiveness with6109international competitors. And we could provide that6110information to the Bureau of Industry Security as they are6111making their licensing decisions, but we are not actively6112involved in any export licensing policies or decisions.6113    Senator Hickenlooper. Great. I appreciate that. And I think6114we have got a lot of work to do on there.6115    Mr. Isaacman, we share the same bipartisan goal that the6116United States should be laser-focused on returning American6117astronauts to the Moon, reaching the next frontiers in space6118exploration. I think I am still the only scientist in the6119Senate who has actually provided peer-reviewed papers.6120    Back in May, you answered some of our written questions. I6121thought this was very well stated, and so I repeat it, that you6122want NASA to be a force multiplier for science, which I think6123is essential, launching more missions, more telescopes, more6124probes, more rovers. You also said that you can be expected to6125be a passionate advocate for science. All of NASA's science and6126exploration missions, including both planetary and earth6127sciences, prioritizing these efforts is not about choosing one6128over the other, but rather identifying where the greatest6129breakthroughs are possible.6130    Certainly now you are dealing with a budget issue that is6131fairly dramatic. So I wanted to see how you balance that. Can6132you confirm where you believe NASA's scientific and exploration6133mission--I mean, are they complimentary or do they end up6134becoming, because of budget issues, mutually exclusive?6135    Mr. Isaacman. Well, Senator, first, I think the scientific6136side of NASA is just as important as human exploration, as is6137our work in aeronautics and technology development. I think6138that, as I mentioned to some of the other Senators before, I6139understand earlier this year we had a Presidential budget6140request. Of course, I do absolutely support the President in6141the goal of reducing the deficit and ensuring the Nation is on6142good footing.6143    But that said, a lot has changed since then. I mean, and6144this is something that if I am confirmed, I would love to get6145my arms around because we have been on a Continuing Resolution.6146I mean, earlier this year, I understood that perhaps even the6147Nancy Grace Roman telescope might not launch under initial6148budget requests. I have since been informed that that is no6149longer the case.6150    So simply put, Senator, I would love to know where we stand6151today, but as I have told other Senators, in terms of dollars6152allocated from Congress, we will absolutely maximize the6153scientific value of every one of them.6154    Senator Hickenlooper. Sure. I appreciate that. And the6155Nancy Grace Roman telescope is a good example. Is Goddard Space6156Flight Center in a similar position in terms--I know that they6157are looking at certain potentially draconian changes to their6158budget.6159    Mr. Isaacman. I mean, Senator, nothing more than I would--I6160mean, I would read the same things that other people do. If you6161ask me, I think Goddard is very important to spearheading the6162scientific efforts of NASA.6163    Senator Hickenlooper. Right. Great. We agree. I appreciate6164that. And I do recognize the difficult choices that tight6165budgets create for all of you, and appreciate that,6166    I am out of time, even though now I am left to be the6167Chair, I think the compulsion is that I have to curtail my6168questions, but I have a couple more questions I am going to6169submit in writing to you guys. And again, I appreciate both of6170your willingness to serve the country in these roles.6171    So Mr. Isaacman and Mr. Haines, my last question, which I6172am not just allowed, but required to ask of all nominees, if6173confirmed, do you pledge to work collaboratively with this6174Committee to provide thorough and timely responses to this6175Committee's requests and to appear before the Committee when6176requested?6177    Mr. Haines. Yes, Senator.6178    Mr. Isaacman. Yes, Senator. I do not think NASA can6179accomplish its world-changing mission without the support of6180Congress.6181    Senator Hickenlooper. Right. Well, I think it has to be a6182close partnership, especially all the more so in these days of6183tight budgets.6184    So thank you. I have literally dozens of letters of support6185from various organizations for both of your nominations, and we6186ask unanimous consent these letters be inserted into the6187hearing record. Without objection, so ordered. It is hard to6188have any objections when you control the room.6189    [The information referred to follows:]61906191                                                  November 22, 202561926193Hon. Ted Cruz,6194Chair, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,6195United States Senate,6196Washington, DC.61976198Hon. Maria Cantwell,6199Ranking Member, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,6200United States Senate,6201Washington, DC.62026203Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell,62046205    We, the undersigned former NASA Astronauts, write again to express6206our continued support for the confirmation of Jared Isaacman as the6207next Administrator of NASA.6208    Having dedicated our careers and lives to support NASA and space6209exploration, we are deeply concerned about the Agency's future. It is6210critical that NASA maintains its position as the preeminent space6211development organization. Our nation is at a turning point where we6212face international competition from China and we are increasingly6213cognizant of the geopolitical importance of space. It is crucial that6214we have a NASA Administrator who champions and delivers the kind of6215revolutionary advancements in space that only NASA can achieve while6216also fully leveraging the capabilities and opportunities presented by a6217rapidly advancing commercial space sector and the steady international6218support from our partner nations.6219    We believe that Jared Isaacman is clearly qualified to lead NASA at6220this critical juncture. As an entrepreneur, pilot, and commander of two6221groundbreaking space missions, he brings credibility and capability to6222make a difference now. Most importantly, Jared has a genuine passion6223for space exploration and a genuine admiration for NASA as an American6224institution. He will bring renewed energy and sense of purpose to NASA.6225    NASA is facing many challenges right now including the rapidly6226approaching launch of the Artemis II mission. We therefore urge the6227Senate to move expeditiously towards Mr. Isaacman's confirmation.6228    Thank you for your attention. We appreciate your commitment to6229ensuring NASA has the vision, expertise, and leadership necessary to6230advance America's space ambitions.6231            Sincerely,62326233Charles F. Bolden Jr.                  Shane Kimbrough6234Robert Cabana                          Wendy Lawrence6235Greg Chamitoff                         Steve Lindsey6236Cady Coleman                           Leland Melvin6237Leroy Chiao                            Michael Lopez-Alegria6238Ken Cockrell                           Ed Lu6239Drew Feustel                           Dottie Metcalf-Lindenburger6240Jack Fischer                           Bill McArthur6241Mike Foreman                           Stephen Oswald6242Ron Garan                              William Readdy6243Linda Godwin                           Garrett Reisman6244John Grunsfeld                         Stephen Robinson6245Ken Ham                                Rusty Schweickart6246Jose Hernandez                         Nicole Stott6247John Herrington                        Steve Swanson6248Rick Hieb                              Jim Voss6249Joan Higginbotham                      Peggy Whitson6250Scott Kelly                            George Zamka62516252                                 ______62536254                                  University of Mississippi6255                                                  November 21, 202562566257Hon. Roger Wicker,6258United States Senate,6259Washington, DC.6260Hon. Cindy Hyde-Smith,6261United States Senate,6262Washington, DC.62636264Dear Senator Wicker and Senator Hyde-Smith:62656266    I strongly support the confirmation of Jared Isaacman as NASA6267Administrator.6268    Although I have not met Mr. Isaacman, his example has profoundly6269inspired both my students and me. That kind of influence is rare, and6270it matters.6271    Humanity stands at a threshold: for the first time, we can use6272space resources to sustain life on Earth and expand beyond it. U.S.6273leadership is not just advantageous--it is essential.6274    As Executive Director of the Center for Air and Space Law and6275President of For All Moonkind, I have spent years working at the6276intersection of public institutions, commercial innovation and global6277space governance. Few individuals illustrate the power of private6278initiative to advance public purpose as clearly as Mr. Isaacman.6279    Mr. Isaacman's accomplishments reflect both technical ambition and6280civic commitment. His leadership in pioneering private orbital6281missions--funding, flying and shaping them--speaks to an unusual blend6282of vision and practical capability. These missions have broadened not6283only the boundaries of commercial spaceflight but the public6284imagination about who space is for.6285    His leadership is timely, as space has become a stage for strategic6286competition. China and other nations are accelerating their space6287programs; the U.S. must respond with ambition and principled6288leadership. NASA plays a defining role in shaping norms that will6289govern shared space activities, and that requires an Administrator who6290can engage competitors with both confidence and clarity, advancing6291innovation while reinforcing responsible global conduct.6292    NASA is entering a transformative era defined by deep-space6293infrastructure, commercial partnerships and complex regulatory and6294diplomatic challenges. Mr. Isaacman's experience positions him uniquely6295to bridge these domains with realism and vision.6296    For these reasons, I offer my strong support for his nomination and6297urge your favorable consideration. Thank you for your thoughtful6298attention.6299            Sincerely,6300                                      Michelle L.D. Hanlon,6301                     Executive Director, Air and Space Law Program,6302                                             University of Mississippi.6303                                 ______63046305                                 U.S. Space & Rocket Center6306                                  Huntsville, AL, November 24, 202563076308Senator Tommy Tuberville,6309Washington, DC.63106311Dear Senator Tuberville,63126313    I am pleased to once again express the U.S. Space & Rocket Center's6314support for Jared Isaacman, President Trump's nomination to be NASA6315Administrator. As you may remember from our previous letter of support,6316Jared attended our Aviation Challenge program when he was 12 years old,6317an experience that inspired him to become a pilot.6318    Jared has done far more than that, however. He is an entrepreneur6319who has used his success to pursue space exploration and advance6320science in his own right, raising funds along the way to support St.6321Jude's Children's Research Hospital as well as Space Camp.6322    Because of Jared's generosity, Space Camp will open the6323Inspiration4 Skills Training Complex in 2026, expanding our mission of6324building America's skilled workforce. This 55,000-square-foot facility6325will include new simulations and futuristic missions that will engage6326students' imagination and give them a vision for their own futures.6327    Jared is a person of the highest character and brings together a6328sound business approach to the wonders of exploration. He would be an6329exceptional leader of our Nation's space program, and we encourage you6330and your colleagues in the Senate to act expeditiously to confirm him.6331    Thank you for your consideration and support.6332            Sincerely,6333                                              Brenda Perez,6334                                   Interim Chief Executive Officer,6335                                           Chief Financial Officer.6336                                 ______63376338                                 U.S. Space & Rocket Center6339                                  Huntsville, AL, November 24, 20256340Senator Katie Britt,6341Washington, DC.63426343Dear Senator Britt,63446345    I am pleased to once again express the U.S. Space & Rocket Center's6346support for Jared Isaacman, President Trump's nomination to be NASA6347Administrator. As you may remember from our previous letter of support,6348Jared attended our Aviation Challenge program when he was 12 years old,6349an experience that inspired him to become a pilot.6350    Jared has done far more than that, however. He is an entrepreneur6351who has used his success to pursue space exploration and advance6352science in his own right, raising funds along the way to support St.6353Jude's Children's Research Hospital as well as Space Camp.6354    Because of Jared's generosity, Space Camp will open the6355Inspiration4 Skills Training Complex in 2026, expanding our mission of6356building America's skilled workforce. This 55,000-square-foot facility6357will include new simulations and futuristic missions that will engage6358students' imagination and give them a vision for their own futures.6359    Jared is a person of the highest character and brings together a6360sound business approach to the wonders of exploration. He would be an6361exceptional leader of our Nation's space program, and we encourage you6362and your colleagues in the Senate to act expeditiously to confirm him.6363    Thank you for your consideration and support.6364            Sincerely,6365                                              Brenda Perez,6366                                   Interim Chief Executive Officer,6367                                           Chief Financial Officer.6368                                 ______63696370                                 [GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]63716372                                 ______63736374                             Internet Marketing Association6375                                                  November 29, 202563766377Attention:63786379Chairman Ted Cruz,6380U.S. Senate,6381Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6382Washington, DC.63836384Ranking Member Maria Cantwell,6385U.S. Senate,6386Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6387Washington, DC.63886389Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:63906391    I write to you in my capacity as Chairman of the Internet Marketing6392Association (IMA), an organization deeply engaged in the advancement of6393emerging technologies, national competitiveness, and the fast-growing6394space economy. It is my privilege to offer my endorsement for Mr. Jared6395Isaacman to serve as the next Administrator of the National Aeronautics6396and Space Administration (NASA).6397    Through my work convening 150 leaders of the New Frontier for6398IMPACT 25 Washington D.C. in October 2025, including innovators,6399defense visionaries, policymakers, and commercial space pioneers, I6400have had the opportunity to witness firsthand the extraordinary impact6401Jared Isaacman has had on America's commercial space sector. His6402entrepreneurial record, operational experience, and unwavering6403commitment to strengthening U.S. leadership in space make him6404exceptionally well suited to lead NASA at this pivotal moment.6405    Last week, I hosted Breakthrough at Mar-a-Lago, where leaders6406shaping the future of the space economy met directly with policymakers.6407The conference featured Type One Ventures, along with a broad slate of6408innovators working at the intersection of national security, frontier6409technology, and commercial space. Our discussions centered on America's6410ability to maintain its strategic and technological edge, precisely the6411domain where Mr. Isaacman has proven to be a uniquely influential6412leader. Additionally, we brought together national leaders,6413entrepreneurs, investors, and technologists to support a shared vision6414for advancing U.S. capabilities in orbit and beyond. In these forums,6415Mr. Isaacman's work consistently stands out as emblematic of the6416ingenuity, mission-driven leadership, and public-private collaboration6417required to navigate the challenges ahead.6418    As NASA undertakes essential work, from returning Americans to the6419Moon, to fostering commercial space station development, to furthering6420exploration across the solar system, stable, visionary leadership is6421indispensable. Mr. Isaacman possesses a rare combination of operational6422expertise, business acumen, technical fluency, and demonstrated passion6423for human spaceflight. His understanding of the U.S.-China strategic6424competition in space, his respect for congressional oversight, and his6425commitment to safeguarding American leadership are clearly aligned with6426the priorities of this Committee and the needs of the nation.6427    For these reasons, and on behalf of the many leaders and6428organizations within the IMA and the broader New Frontier community, I6429respectfully urge the Committee to advance Mr. Isaacman's nomination6430swiftly. His confirmation would provide NASA with the capable, future-6431focused leadership it requires at a moment when America's trajectory in6432space will shape global power dynamics for decades to come.6433    Thank you for your consideration and for your continued dedication6434to America's leadership in science, technology, and the space economy.6435            Respectfully,6436                                            Sinan Kanatsiz,6437                                                          Chairman,6438                                        Internet Marketing Association.64396440    Senator Hickenlooper. Senators will have until the close of6441business on December 4 to submit additional questions for the6442record. The nominees will have until 11 a.m. on December 7 to6443respond to those questions. That is a pretty quick turnaround,6444but hopefully that does not put you in too difficult a6445position.6446    That will conclude today's hearing. The Committee stands6447adjourned.6448    [Whereupon, at 12:04 p.m., the hearing was adjourned.]64496450                            A P P E N D I X64516452      Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Ted Cruz to6453                             Jared Isaacman6454    Question 1. During your testimony, when I asked about the6455architecture of the Gateway program and your plans to utilize the lunar6456orbiting station's capabilities, you noted that ``the President of the6457United States would be very excited to see a lunar base.'' While a6458lunar base is certainly part of the overall Artemis architecture, the6459Lunar Gateway is intended to serve as a cislunar habitation, staging,6460and logistics point to enable more robust long-duration missions in6461cislunar orbit and on the lunar surface--Gateway as a lunar station6462plays a critical role in enabling the future Artemis missions.64636464    a. Can you expand upon your plans for Gateway and unlocking the6465cislunar orbit?64666467    b. Can you clarify your response and explain how you intend to6468support the Gateway cislunar space station program, including how you6469plan to utilize the One Big Beautiful Bill Act funding consistent with6470congressional intent to develop and sustain an orbital cislunar6471platform?6472    Answer. As I noted in my opening remarks and testimony, I believe6473it is essential for the United States to return to the Moon ahead of6474our strategic competitors and to build the infrastructure required for6475an enduring presence in and around the lunar environment. I will, of6476course, follow the law as written in carrying out those objectives as6477urgently as possible.64786479    Question 2. Submitted on behalf of Senator Britt: During your line6480of questioning, I appreciated your commitment to utilizing the One Big6481Beautiful Bill Act dollars as outlined by the law. You also responded6482that the funds afford NASA with the opportunity to utilize additional6483heavy lift vehicles for the Artemis IV and V missions. Do you commit to6484using the SLS rocket for Artemis IV and V as directed by Congress and6485stated in the law?6486    Answer. SLS is the fastest path to achieving America's near-term6487lunar objectives through Artemis V. Pivoting to another architecture6488earlier than contemplated in the One Big Beautiful Bill could place the6489Nation at an unacceptable risk of a strategic capability gap. I will,6490of course, follow the law.6491                                 ______64926493    Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Roger Wicker to6494                             Jared Isaacman6495Question #1: John C. Stennis Space Center6496    The John C. Stennis Space Center is home to NASA's largest6497propulsion and engine test site. The Stennis Space Center has played a6498pivotal role in developing and testing our launch capabilities from the6499beginning of our space program. It also hosts commercial space6500companies including Rocket Lab, Relativity Space, and L3Harris. As NASA6501increasingly relies on the commercial space sector to execute its6502mission, industry at the Stennis Space Center is growing. Because of6503the Stennis Center's location and buffer zone, it is an ideal place for6504new commercial space companies to invest in or move to. At the Stennis6505Space Center, NASA supports the commercial space industry by providing6506numerous services, including sharing water and chemicals, such as6507nitrogen and hydrogen.65086509    Question. Thank you for your commitment to expanding space industry6510in the United States. As America's largest rocket propulsion test site,6511the John C. Stennis Space Center exemplifies how NASA can work with6512commercial space industry.6513    Commercial space tenants at the Stennis Space Center are6514revitalizing existing test stands and building new stands to support6515their rocket propulsion testing. Modernizing existing test6516infrastructure can provide cost savings to the company and NASA. Do you6517agree that existing test infrastructure can support both ongoing and6518future space missions for NASA and commercial space industry?6519    Answer. Stennis Space Center is a great example of a NASA center6520evolving to support both government and commercial programs. While6521Stennis continues to support several government efforts, it has also6522revitalized key test platforms and infrastructure to successfully6523enable commercial industry.6524Question #2:6525    In your testimony, and publicly released statements, you have6526outlined your plan for the future of NASA. This plan prioritizes6527removing excessive bureaucracy, putting more astronauts in space for6528enduring missions, enhancing partnerships for scientific exploration,6529maximizing an orbital economy, and investing in and certifying6530commercial space missions.65316532    Question. As the Administrator, you will have the opportunity to6533implement your vision for NASA and shape the future of the United6534States' space capabilities. Under your leadership, how will NASA6535support and transform the Stennis Space Center to ensure its long-term6536success?6537    Answer. Stennis Space Center is a national treasure for engine6538testing and already serves as a model for evolving to meet current and6539future missions. Stennis has attracted investments and tenants from6540some of the most notable commercial space companies, and I see that6541trend continuing well into the future.6542Question # 3: Reconciliation Funding6543    The One Big Beautiful Bill Act included funding for projects that6544will support Mississippi's space equities including $700 million for6545the Mars Telecommunications Orbiter, $120 million for infrastructure6546projects at the Stennis Space Center, and $4.1 million for the Space6547Launch System, which will enable the United States to continue its6548missions to the Moon. The Senate marked up Commerce, Justice, and6549Science appropriations bill for Fiscal Year 2026 includes $48.2 million6550for the Rocket Propulsion Test Program as well as accompanying report6551language, which will ensure that the Stennis Space Center can continue6552its critical work.65536554    Question. The historic investments in the One Big Beautiful Bill6555Act will bolster the Stennis Space Center's equities through critical6556infrastructure improvements and engagement with the commercial space6557sector. Will you commit to quickly obligating funds provided by the One6558Big Beautiful Bill Act, once confirmed? Will you also commit to working6559with commercial entities to rapidly move forward on the Mars6560Telecommunications Orbiter program?6561    Answer. Yes. I believe it is imperative for NASA to move with6562urgency in achieving our near-term lunar objectives, for which6563considerable funding and support have been provided in the One Big6564Beautiful Bill. I further believe, consistent with my prior testimony,6565that NASA is capable of undertaking multiple world-changing missions in6566parallel. In that context, investments in the communications6567capabilities required to support future Mars missions is certainly6568worth exploring.6569                                 ______65706571    Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Jerry Moran to6572                             Jared Isaacman6573    Question 1. How critical is NASA's Aeronautics Mission Directorate6574initiatives such as Hi-CAM and high-speed flight programs? How will you6575support those programs while also enhancing partnership with industry?6576    Answer. As a pilot, I am very excited about the Aeronautics Mission6577Directorate and ensuring an intense focus on research and test programs6578that push the boundaries of speed, altitude, and the materials and6579sciences that underpin the competitiveness of our aerospace industry.6580The Hi-CAM program is certainly the kind of study NASA should be6581investing resources in.65826583    Question 2. If confirmed, will you work to prioritize the6584modernization of NASA's King Air aircraft?6585    Answer. I am not familiar with the specific modernization request6586for the King Air aircraft, but if confirmed, I would like to conduct a6587holistic assessment of the NASA fleet to ensure it is modernized and6588fully capable of supporting the agency's transportation, research, and6589inspirational missions. This could include expanding the fleet with6590both new and existing civil and military aircraft.65916592    Question 3. Before sending humans to Mars, we need to solve the6593problem of landing vehicles safely on an unprepared surface. What can6594we start doing now to use affordable robotic missions to explore6595potential landing sites and to get high resolution images and data that6596NASA and its commercial partners can use to pick the best landing sites6597and land safely?6598    Answer. With considerable focus on achieving NASA's near-term lunar6599objectives, including returning American astronauts and establishing an6600enduring presence, it would also be prudent to evaluate affordable6601robotic missions to Mars in parallel to increase our rate of learning6602ahead of future crewed missions.66036604    Question 4. What plans do you have to maximize use and modernize6605these resources across the entire civil, commercial, and national6606security enterprise?6607    Answer. While NASA pursues the peaceful exploration and discovery6608in air and space, these domains are also vitally important to national6609security. If confirmed, I would work with counterparts across OSTP,6610DoW, DOE, DOT, and other agencies to avoid needless duplication or6611bespoke programs where synergy is possible. This would help ensure the6612smooth flow of information, timely decision-making, responsible6613resource allocation, and faster results.6614                                 ______66156616    Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Dan Sullivan to6617                             Jared Isaacman6618    Question 1. The Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska6619Fairbanks hosts unique, nationally critical assets, including the Poker6620Flat Research Range and a collection of polar-orbiting satellite6621downlink antennas, which support national security, military readiness,6622and space weather research.66236624   If confirmed, can you commit to visiting Alaska, and6625        specifically the University of Alaska Fairbanks, early in your6626        tenure to see firsthand the strategic importance of this high-6627        latitude research infrastructure?6628    Answer. If confirmed, I would be happy to make that commitment and,6629if possible, also tour the Pacific Spaceport Complex.66306631    Question 2. The proposed FY26 budget includes reductions to the6632Science Mission Directorate (SMD) and the elimination of the Office of6633STEM Engagement (OSTEM), programs which are critical to Arctic science6634and Alaska's aerospace workforce pipeline. Additionally, the NASA6635Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) program is6636foundational to U.S. excellence in scientific discovery and national6637security.66386639   If confirmed, will you work to ensure that SMD and OSTEM are6640        adequately funded in the President's budget request to support6641        the fundamental science and workforce development needed to6642        ensure United States space superiority?6643    Answer. If confirmed, I can commit to being an advocate for science6644and a strong American workforce and will do all I can to maximize the6645scientific value of every dollar provided by Congress.66466647    Question 3. Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) serves as NASA's6648Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for strategically important6649synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. It is my understanding that NASA6650is considering DAAC consolidation that could shift responsibilities to6651Washington, D.C., potentially undermining mission effectiveness and6652harming critical Arctic operations.66536654   If confirmed, can you commit to evaluating any proposed DAAC6655        reorganization and flagging any potential impacts to the Alaska6656        Satellite Facility with my office before a final decision is6657        made?6658    Answer. I am not familiar with any plans to consolidate or6659reorganize the DAAC, but would commit to working with your office and6660Congress on any potential implications.66616662    Question 4. The Pacific Spaceport Complex on Kodiak Island is the6663only high-latitude, polar-capable spaceport in the United States. It's6664state-owned, strategically located, and has already supported both6665government and commercial launches. With rising demand for orbital6666launch, facilities like Kodiak could become even more important--not6667just for commercial growth, but for national security.66686669   What role do you see commercial spaceports like the Pacific6670        Spaceport Complex Alaska playing in the future access to space?6671    Answer. The nation already lacks sufficient complexes to meet6672anticipated commercial and national security launch requirements--and I6673see existing facilities like the Pacific Spaceport Complex as a logical6674path to help meet that demand.6675                                 ______66766677      Response to Written Question Submitted by Hon. Ted Budd to6678                             Jared Isaacman6679    Question 1. Since 1998 the NASA Michoud Assembly Facility (MAF) has6680been home to the National Center for Advanced Manufacturing, and more6681than $62 million has been invested in equipment, facilities, and people6682to ensure this is a nationally relevant capability.6683    With the retirement of the Space Shuttle, NASA moved to a multi-6684tenant model, enabling commercial partners to leverage this asset.6685Unfortunately, in recent years it has become more difficult for6686external partners to leverage the facility's unique capabilities.6687    Do you support allowing commercial companies to leverage the MAF6688and allowing that facility to become a key part of the rebuilding of6689America's industrial base? Do you see such a model being an example for6690other capabilities across NASA facilities?6691    Answer. I believe NASA must constantly evaluate how to maximize its6692unique facilities and test infrastructure to best support the mission6693of the agency, commercial partners, and the broader industrial base.6694Several NASA centers have already taken positive steps in this6695direction, and it should remain an area of focus going forward.6696                                 ______66976698    Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Eric Schmitt to6699                             Jared Isaacman6700    Question 1. Mr. Isaacman, China has used radioisotope power systems6701to survive the lunar night since 2019, giving it the only continuous6702presence on the Moon, and it plans to launch more missions using this6703technology in 2028. U.S. landers, by contrast, are limited to 14 days6704because they cannot operate through the lunar night. While NASA has6705announced plans for a fission reactor by 2030, that system does not6706address the immediate need for continuous power on lander missions this6707decade. Can you speak to what you see as the future of nuclear power in6708space and the need to have this technology incorporated into future6709NASA missions?6710    Answer. I am very passionate about NASA continuously recalibrating6711to focus on the near-impossible--the things no other agency or6712organization is capable of accomplishing. In that regard, it is6713imperative that NASA dramatically expand and accelerate investments in6714nuclear programs, including propulsion and surface-power systems. This6715should include high-and low-power reactors on timelines much faster6716than 2030, in addition to more traditional RTGs.67176718    Question 2. Mr. Isaacman, NASA has a wide portfolio of space6719science programs, ranging from satellites and rovers to sounding6720rockets and balloons. Programs like NASA's high-altitude balloon6721missions provide a unique, cost-effective platform for testing6722instruments, conducting research, and training the next generation of6723scientists. Institutions such as Washington University in St. Louis,6724through the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, depend on these6725suborbital programs to develop and flight-test cutting-edge instruments6726and to train students and early-career researchers in hands-on space6727science and instrumentation. Could you explain why it is important for6728NASA to maintain a diversity of mechanisms, including balloon programs,6729sounding rockets, and other suborbital platforms, for advancing space6730science, and how these complement larger satellite and deep-space6731missions?6732    Answer. Orbital and deep space missions are costly and carry far6733more risk than various suborbital alternatives. To the greatest extent6734possible, NASA should look to suborbital platforms to capture relevant6735science and test data that can derisk or supplement expensive orbital6736missions. I also more than acknowledge and value the associated STEM6737benefits of these suborbital programs working alongside academic6738institutions.67396740    Question 3. Mr. Isaacman, in 2028, China plans to fly International6741partners' payloads to Mars on their Mars Sample Return mission,6742Tianwen-3. China has made up to 15 kilograms of mass available for6743international collaboration projects on the mission's Earth return6744orbiter (ERO) spacecraft and a further 5 kg on the Mars orbiter (MO).6745United States commercial providers have over 1000 kg of additional6746payload capacity available to fly international partners' payloads to6747Mars on a 2028 mission. How is NASA and the Science Mission Directorate6748working to ensure our international partners fly their Martian payloads6749on American spacecraft, built and flown from American soil, rather than6750on Chinese spacecraft, built and flown from China?6751    Answer. As mentioned in my opening remarks, NASA is faced with a6752great competitor moving at impressive speed. Competition can be a good6753thing, but this is not a race we can afford to lose. It is imperative6754that NASA:67556756   Clear obstacles and bureaucracy that impede progress and6757        give our competitor room to move faster, while also making it6758        easier for commercial and international partners to work with6759        the agency.67606761   Intense mission focus -including the contributions of our6762        international and commercial partners--this includes: American6763        leadership in the high ground of space, the return of American6764        astronauts to the Moon and establishment of an enduring6765        presence, investment in next ``giant leap'' capabilities such6766        as nuclear propulsion and surface power, and accelerated Mars6767        exploration. We must also establish the orbital economy to fund6768        the future we all want to see in space and evolve NASA into a6769        force-multiplier for science to increase the rate of world-6770        changing discoveries.6771                                 ______67726773   Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Maria Cantwell to6774                             Jared Isaacman6775    Commitment to Competition and Redundancy for Critical Missions As6776we discussed during the hearing, NASA's exploration programs are faced6777with steep competition from China. Given significant taxpayer6778investment in these programs, the United States cannot afford to allow6779critical missions to have a single point of failure and must ensure6780that contract formulation fosters competition among commercial6781providers.67826783    Question 1. I appreciated the comments you made during our exchange6784in support of competition between SpaceX and Blue Origin. However, I6785have been made aware that contracting differences between the two HLS6786providers may not provide an even playing field for them to compete for6787the Artemis III mission. For example, SpaceX is contracted for Artemis6788III with fewer requirements, while Blue Origin is not on contract to6789deliver until the Artemis V mission and has more requirements. What is6790your plan to put both providers on equal footing, making Artemis III a6791true competition so the U.S. can beat China to the Moon?6792    Answer. If confirmed, I fully intend to solicit feedback from all6793commercial partners on ways to reduce requirements and remove obstacles6794that impede America's near-term lunar objectives. This applies not only6795to Blue Origin and SpaceX, but to Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrop,6796and every other vendor contributing to Artemis and NASA's broader6797mission. As I stated during the hearing, America is best served when6798both HLS providers are able to compete--and as a nation, we must select6799the first landing system ready to ensure the United States returns to6800the Moon before China.68016802    Question 2. Reconciliation provided $700 million for a Mars6803Telecommunications Orbiter (MTO) mission. However, the law limits the6804competition to two or perhaps even one bidder. What is your plan to6805ensure a true competition for the MTO spacecraft and mission in order6806to maximize the investment to deliver a system capable of meeting Mars6807communication relay needs for at least the next decade?6808    Answer. I believe NASA is capable of advancing multiple world-6809changing missions in parallel, including discovery and exploration6810efforts on Mars. In that respect, it makes sense to begin investing in6811the capabilities required to support those missions, including the MTO6812program. If confirmed, I will review the agency's approach to this6813effort and ensure it is pursued through a lawful and competitive6814process.68156816    Question 3. The Lunar Terrain Vehicle is the rover that Artemis6817astronauts are expected to use to traverse the lunar surface and extend6818their exploration of the Moon, beginning with Artemis V. To minimize6819the risk of delay, NASA has planned to have two of the three commercial6820LTV teams proceed to the Critical Design Review phase. Assuming that6821Congress provides adequate funding, do you agree that this plan will6822put NASA in the best position to maintain the Artemis timeline?6823    Answer. I am not familiar with the current contracting approach for6824the Lunar Terrain Vehicle. However, it is imperative that the vehicle6825be ready to meet mission requirements and timelines--particularly as we6826work toward a growing and enduring presence on the lunar surface. If6827confirmed, I will review the state of the program and ensure it is6828competitive and properly resourced to minimize risk to Artemis6829objectives.68306831    NASA FY26 President's Budget Request Implementation and6832Whistleblower Report. In September, my office released a report which6833included multiple accounts and documents from brave NASA whistleblowers6834showing the Administration's efforts to illegally implement the6835dangerous cuts in the President's Fiscal Year 2026 Budget Request. This6836not only disregarded Congress's constitutional role to determine6837spending; it jeopardized NASA's missions and their safety.68386839    Question 1. Will you fully implement the funding levels Congress6840sets for NASA in 2026 and beyond?6841    Answer. As stated in my testimony, I commit to always follow the6842law and to maximize the scientific value of every dollar afforded by6843Congress.68446845    Question 2. Will you be a strong advocate for NASA and protect its6846resources from misguided cuts?6847    Answer. I am a passionate supporter of NASA and will do all I can,6848with the resources provided, to execute on its world-changing mission.68496850    Question 3. When you testified previously, you called potential6851drastic cuts to NASA's science budget ``suboptimal.'' Do you stand by6852that testimony, and will you defend NASA's science budget if confirmed?6853    Answer. I support the President's goal of returning the Nation to a6854sound fiscal position, and that will likely require government agencies6855to do more with less. I do not believe NASA should be an exception. If6856confirmed, I will do all I can to advocate for and maximize the6857scientific potential of every dollar afforded by Congress.68586859    Project Athena. In May 2025 you drafted your Project Athena6860Strategic Plan which detailed your vision for NASA, if confirmed. While6861the plan shows your commitment to maintain continuity in space6862exploration through the Artemis Program, it lacks robust discussion of6863other key areas of NASA's mission including aeronautics and space6864technology development.6865    The plan also introduces the idea of `science-as-a-service' as a6866method of reducing the costs of scientific research. During the6867December 3 confirmation hearing you said that you ``stand behind6868everything in the document.''68696870    Question 1. Do you believe that there is a need for NASA to6871continue collecting its own observations in addition to leveraging6872commercial imagery?6873    Answer. The draft document included research requests in areas6874where information was either unavailable or not accessible to a6875nominee, so it should be understood that some sections were less6876developed than others. That said, the collection of scientific data is6877not binary. In Earth observation, for example, there will be cases6878where data can be acquired more affordably through commercial6879constellations, and others where only NASA possesses the necessary6880capability. This evolution has already occurred across other government6881and national security observation missions and could similarly free6882resources for planetary science and other missions commercial providers6883cannot support.68846885    Question 2. Can you commit to ensuring that any cost savings,6886particularly those achieved by using science-as-a-service for Earth6887observations, will be reinvested in NASA's capacity to conduct world6888class research focused on both Earth and space science disciplines?6889    Answer. Yes, that was always the concept worth exploring.68906891    Question 3. Can you commit to pursuing sufficient funding for a6892robust NASA aeronautics portfolio that develops pre-competitive6893technology that supports U.S. aerospace industry leadership worldwide?6894    Answer. Yes. NASA Aeronautics should be working on cutting-edge6895test programs that push the boundaries of speed, altitude, and6896materials necessary to ensure the competitiveness of American aerospace6897industries.68986899    Workforce Plans and Reorganization: You noted in your testimony6900that some of the most talented people in America show up to work at6901NASA. Under the current Administration, NASA has seen over 4,0006902employees--roughly 20 percent of its workforce--opt to leave under the6903deferred resignation program or early retirement, in addition to normal6904attrition. In Project Athena, you propose to consolidate all ongoing6905staff reductions and reorganization initiatives into a single,6906comprehensive plan.69076908    Question 1. Before implementing this plan, will you commit to6909sharing it and discussing it with this committee?6910    Answer. Should I be confirmed, I will work alongside Congress and6911this committee specifically. It is worth noting that the draft document6912was several months old and developed during a period when NASA was6913contemplating multiple RIF and reorganization efforts. Given how much6914time has passed and how much has changed since then, I am not certain a6915comprehensive reorganization, at least on the scale previously6916contemplated, is even still necessary.69176918    Question 2. Considering the turmoil Federal agencies experience6919when subjected to poorly justified structural overhauls, can you commit6920to also ensuring that any proposed major reorganization of NASA will be6921based on clear, evidence-based justification and transparent strategic6922need and will be shared and discussed with this committee before6923implementation?6924    Answer. The idea--if necessary at all--was always intended to be a6925data-driven reorganization informed by broad input, including from this6926committee.69276928    Human Spaceflight Safety and Oversight: As the only private sector6929astronaut to conduct extra vehicular activity in orbit, you have unique6930experience with the role that NASA plays or should play in ensuring the6931safety of commercial human spaceflight activities. In this regard, and6932referencing the current limited regulatory framework for commercial6933human spaceflight known as the ``learning period,'' your Project Athena6934Strategic Plan proposes a study for a ``Starfleet Academy'' that would6935be capable of certifying launch and spaceflight hardware for operation,6936training operators and flight crew members, and certifying the6937competence of such personnel.69386939    Question 1. For NASA's human spaceflight programs and missions,6940what principles should guide certification processes and operational6941decisions that appropriately balance cost and schedule, mission6942objectives, and safety requirements?6943    Answer. It is worth noting that the draft document was intended6944to--at a much later stage--initiate research, discussion, and input6945across the agency, industry, and Congress to begin addressing these6946types of questions. At present, I believe the existing learning period6947remains appropriate until industry reaches a more mature state. That6948stated, researching and preparing for the future seemed prudent, and6949NASA is likely the organization best positioned to lead in defining6950what a post-learning-period certification environment should look like.69516952    Question 2. Based on your experience, do you believe that NASA's6953certification processes and expertise in human spaceflight are being6954effectively utilized by commercial industry and the FAA Office of6955Commercial Space Transportation?6956    Answer. I believe NASA possesses the ultimate subject-matter6957expertise to help shape the future of commercial hardware, operator,6958and crew certification. I also suspect there is significant learning to6959be captured--and improvements to be made--based on experience from the6960HLS, Commercial Crew and Cargo programs.69616962    Question 3. Given that an institution such as your proposed6963Starfleet Academy could be an effective mechanism for defining and6964implementing an appropriate role for NASA in commercial human6965spaceflight oversight, will you commit to sharing the results of the6966proposed study with Congress?6967    Answer. I would, as I believe--like all major NASA endeavors--6968success depends on collaboration and advocacy from all key6969stakeholders.69706971    NASA Aeronautics Research and Development and the Spokane-Coeur6972d'Alene Tech Hub. NASA's aeronautics R&D is essential to maintaining6973the global competitiveness of our aerospace industry. For example, in6974partnership with industry, NASA's Hi-Rate Composite Aircraft6975Manufacturing (Hi-CAM) Project develops advanced composite materials6976that promise to make aircraft lighter and more fuel efficient. This is6977key for ensuring that next generation aircraft are manufactured here in6978the U.S.6979    We have established a Washington and Idaho Tech Hub in Spokane6980focused on advanced thermoplastics with the goal of enabling6981manufacturing by industry at scale. This is an ambitious goal, and the6982NASA and industry Advanced Composites Consortium has been very6983supportive of this initiative.69846985    Question 1. Will you fight for NASA's aeronautics budget to6986sufficiently fund projects such as Hi-CAM, and will you support pre-6987competitive technology development initiatives that keep our aerospace6988industry ahead of our competitors, such as the Advanced Aerospace6989Materials and Manufacturing Tech Hub?6990    Answer. Yes. I am very passionate about NASA's Aeronautics program,6991and I believe the agency can do far more through research and test6992programs that push the boundaries of speed, altitude, and advanced6993materials.69946995    NASA's Role in Developing Aviation Technology. NASA's research has6996played a pivotal role in advancing the aviation industry, driving6997innovations that and capabilities later used by the FAA enhance both6998safety and cost-efficiency within the National Airspace System (NAS).6999    Examples include the System-Wide Safety (SWS) project, where NASA7000has conducted research to understand how the modernization of industry7001and aircraft can affect overall safety, and is developing an In-Time7002Aviation Safety Management System (IASMS) to address operational risks7003and hazards of a transformed NAS.70047005    Question 1. Will you commit to maintaining NASA's focus on leading7006edge technologies that will improve the safety of aviation and the NAS?7007    Answer. Yes--this is an area in which NASA has historically been7008very successful.70097010    Question 2. As we look to the future, what specific actions will7011you take to further support and accelerate NASA's efforts in developing7012next-generation commercial aviation technologies?7013    Answer. This goes to the heart of NASA's Aeronautics mission, and7014it begins with a thorough review of the portfolio to ensure resources7015are focused on what no other agency or organization is capable of7016accomplishing. From there, it becomes cultural and organizational--7017eliminating obstacles that impede progress and ensuring the best and7018brightest are working urgently on the breakthroughs NASA, including7019Aeronautics, was meant to deliver.7020                                 ______70217022   Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Edward Markey to7023                             Jared Isaacman7024    Question 1. Mr. Isaacman, I want to recognize your support for the7025continued operation of NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. Chandra is7026proudly operated for NASA and includes U.S. Military Veterans on its7027staff. Science has always been the heartbeat of NASA. In fact, the very7028first objective listed in the National Aeronautics and Space Act of70291958 is ``the expansion of human knowledge of phenomena in the7030atmosphere and space.''70317032    a) With that founding mandate in mind, do you agree that7033maintaining a robust science portfolio is critical to U.S. leadership7034in discovery?7035    Answer. Yes.70367037    b) If so, can you explain specifically your view on how long-term7038flagship missions--like Chandra, our space telescopes, and planetary7039rovers--as a sustained priority that must run parallel to human7040exploration?7041    Answer. I have always been a strong advocate for science, and I7042believe it would be a mistake to prematurely retire flagship missions7043that continue to deliver meaningful results at very low overhead cost.7044Chandra and our telescope missions such as Hubble are great examples7045where the scientific yield relative to the ongoing cost remains highly7046favorable.70477048    Question 2. Mr. Isaacman, during your hearing, you said I7049mischaracterized your recent suggestion that NASA purchase `science-as-7050a-service' for Earth observations. While NASA has used commercial data7051to supplement Earth science, some Earth-observing capabilities are7052inherently governmental--they require decades-long continuity,7053transparent calibration, and open public access, forming the baseline7054for both Federal agencies and commercial providers.70557056    a) Please detail why, in your view, it is important for NASA to7057maintain operating certain data capabilities, such as these7058foundational systems.7059    Answer. I believe it is a mistake to assume that collecting data or7060calibrating systems the same way we have for decades remains the most7061appropriate or affordable path. Many national security missions have7062already evolved from bespoke satellites to procuring data from7063commercial providers at far lower cost. That approach could free7064resources for missions--such as planetary science or heliophysics--that7065commercial providers cannot address. This is not binary. There will be7066Earth observation missions that NASA must retain for technical or7067strategic reasons, but we should still take advantage of affordable7068alternatives where they exist.70697070    b) How would you balance and leverage existing government-owned7071capabilities with obtaining commercially available data?7072    Answer. Similar to the above, I would work with experts within the7073agency and solicit input from academia and commercial providers to7074identify opportunities to achieve the same or superior science at lower7075cost.70767077    Question 3. The 2024 Solar and Space Physics Decadal Survey7078highlighted the success of NASA's three Drive Science Centers,7079including the SHIELD Center, which is building a ``digital twin'' of7080the heliosphere to study cosmic radiation. This work is critical for7081both fundamental solar science and preparing for human missions to Mars7082and beyond. As the initial contracts for these Centers come to an end,7083how will you sustain their research and the benefits they provide,7084particularly for SHIELD?7085    Answer. If confirmed, I will work with the best and brightest at7086NASA and across academia to ensure we never allow a lapse in scientific7087missions vital to achieving the agency's overarching goals.70887089    Question 4. Do you agree that climate observations are integral to7090our understanding of atmospheric conditions on our own planet and other7091planetary bodies in our solar system? Why or why not?7092    Answer. We inhabit only one planet at this time, so we should7093invest scientific resources in understanding it--especially the7094conditions that affect human life through flooding, wildfires,7095droughts, and weather. At the same time, we should study other planets7096to the greatest extent possible as we work to unlock the secrets of the7097universe and prepare for the day American astronauts may operate for7098extended periods of time on other celestial bodies.7099                                 ______71007101    Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Gary Peters to7102                             Jared Isaacman7103    Question 1. In many of your answers in your last hearing, you noted7104that you were not privy to any internal budgetary planning7105conversations. However, you did share that you looked forward to7106reviewing the Office of Management and Budget's recommendations and7107working with Congress to determine the appropriate level of funding to7108ensure NASA can execute its mission.7109    Now the president's request has been made public, and it includes a711024.3 percent decrease in overall funding and a 47 percent cut in7111funding for the Science Mission Directorate. Further, O-M-B has7112instructed NASA to comply with the request without approval from7113Congress.7114    If confirmed, are you prepared to push back against these efforts7115to ensure that we do not continue to see cuts to NASA's budget and7116staff without Congressional approval?7117    Answer. I support the President's goal of reducing the deficit and7118ensuring the Nation remains on sound financial footing. That stated, if7119confirmed, I will work with Congress and always follow the law--7120ensuring NASA maximizes the scientific value of every dollar allocated.71217122    Question 2. We have seen massive reductions in staffing across7123agencies. The president's budget request for Fiscal Year 2026 includes7124a significant reduction in staff at NASA. The Office of Management and7125Budget has directed NASA to comply with the president's budget request7126without approval from Congress.7127    As a result, we have already seen over 3,000 employees leave NASA7128since January. This loss in staff jeopardizes NASA's ability to7129complete missions safely and efficiently. You have big plans for NASA,7130but I fail to see how we achieve them if we are not retaining talent.7131    What is your plan to ensure that NASA remains sufficiently staffed?7132How do you plan to do that in an environment where NASA's budget7133decreases?7134    Answer. I believe NASA can only achieve its world-changing7135mission--to undertake the near-impossible on behalf of all humankind--7136with the support and contributions of the best and brightest across the7137Nation. When NASA focuses on what no one else can do, it will naturally7138attract the talent that seeks to work at the world's most accomplished7139space agency. If confirmed, I will do all I can with the resources7140afforded by Congress to support the mission.71417142    Question 3. The Artemis program--in addition to achieving a key7143national strategic goal--supports thousands of jobs across the U.S.7144manufacturing supply chain. This is extremely important in Michigan7145where suppliers are critical to NASA missions and goals.7146    Unfortunately, the past year has been unpredictable and erratic for7147our Nation's space program creating a lot of uncertainty for companies7148supporting NASA missions--especially small businesses.7149    Although Congress has stepped in to provide some base funding7150stability through Artemis V, delays in one element of Artemis can lead7151to inefficient workflow and costs for those who are ready to deliver.7152    As Administrator how will you work to provide a stable environment7153that ensures Artemis maintains its launch schedule?7154    Answer. If confirmed, I will do all I can to pull the present7155launch schedule forward, as it has been consistently delayed and over7156budget. NASA is faced with a rival moving at impressive speed, and it7157is imperative that we remove obstacles impeding progress and return to7158delivering world-changing missions as quickly and affordably as7159possible.7160                                 ______71617162  Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Duckworth to7163                             Jared Isaacman7164Question Topic: U.S. Space Leadership7165    Question 1. Ensuring multiple commercial providers of7166transportation and other mission components is critical to improve7167safety, ensure efficiency, maintain leadership and successfully7168complete missions. NASA has long supported that approach as shown in7169the ``ISS Lessons Learned'' report, in which NASA wrote that7170``dissimilar redundancy in transportation has been critical to the7171preservation of the ISS . . . Future exploration programs must be7172structured with alternative transport vehicles, so there is no7173particular system that becomes a single-point-of-failure.''71747175    Do you agree with the approach of securing multiple commercial7176providers for transport components of missions, as stated in NASA's7177``ISS Lessons Learned'' report? Please explain your reasoning.7178    Answer. I believe that for capabilities vital to national security,7179it is imperative that the Nation maintain redundancy--such as launch7180vehicles, human-rated spacecraft, and landers. It is worth noting that7181for much of the past two decades, and even today, U.S. space policy7182relies on a single heavy-lift launch platform for crewed lunar7183missions. Fortunately, industry investment and innovation now stand to7184reduce that dependency in the near future.71857186    Question 2. In your opening statement, you said ``we are in a great7187competition with a rival that has the will and means to challenge7188American exceptionalism across multiple domains, including in the high7189ground of space. . .if we fall behind--if we make a mistake--we may7190never catch up, and the consequences could shift the balance of power7191here on Earth.'' This is a sentiment I agree with and we are much less7192likely to make a mistake that causes us to fall behind if no one7193mistake can derail a mission.71947195    How do you plan to ensure that all aspects of the Artemis missions7196have redundancies and therefore help protect our global leadership?7197    Answer. While I don't believe it is always appropriate for the7198government to buy two of everything, capabilities vital to national7199security--such as launch, human-rated spacecraft, and landers--justify7200having more than one path to mission success. As noted above, for more7201than two decades it has been U.S. policy to rely on a single launch7202vehicle for human lunar objectives, but thanks to commercial industry7203investments, that dependency will likely diminish.72047205    Should this include the Human Landing System of the Artemis III7206mission, that has consistently been delayed?7207    Answer. I believe it is factual that there have been extensive7208delays across the entire Artemis architecture, and that must be7209addressed through improvements within NASA and across our commercial7210and international partners.7211                                 ______72127213     Response to Written Question Submitted by Hon. Jacky Rosen to7214                             Jared Isaacman7215Question Topic: Future of NASA7216    I'd like to discuss your vision for NASA's future and how you7217intend to position the agency for long-term U.S. leadership is space.7218Microgravity research--the conducting of experiments not possible here7219on Earth -has historically produced major breakthroughs in biomedical7220science, materials development, and advanced manufacturing.72217222    Question 1. Mr. Isaacman: Given the competitive international7223landscape, do you support elevating microgravity research as a national7224strategic priority? And would you support partnering with commercial7225microgravity research payload services to promote American leadership7226and avoid ceding this domain to foreign competitors?7227    Answer. Consistent with my testimony, I believe it is imperative7228that NASA help unlock an economy that directly requires the unique7229environment of microgravity--otherwise the future of space will remain7230largely taxpayer-funded. In that respect, NASA should do all it can,7231alongside industry and academia, to prioritize the highest-potential7232science and research on the ISS and through suborbital providers where7233appropriate, in order to accelerate the emergence of a sustainable7234orbital and eventually lunar economy.7235                                 ______72367237 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. John Hickenlooper to7238                             Jared Isaacman7239Scientific Workforce Pipeline7240    Mr. Isaacman, your ``Project Athena'' strategic plan aligns with7241the President's budget request to cut NASA's Science Mission7242Directorate by nearly 50 percent. You have also advocated for NASA to7243adopt a ``science-as-a-service'' model where we buy data from industry7244rather than running missions ourselves. NASA science funding not only7245pays for data, it pays for people. NASA grants directly fund the7246tuition and stipends of the students and postdocs who become our7247nation's experts in aerospace, space sciences, and physics. These7248proposed cuts effectively fire the next generation of American7249scientists before they even graduate.72507251    Question 1. Mr. Isaacman, how will you ensure American dominance in7252space when these proposed cuts could dismantle the training pipeline7253for the very workforce we need to maintain it?7254    Answer. To be clear, the draft document referenced never made any7255determinations to cut agency budgets or programs and science-as-a-7256service was something to research specific to certain earth-observation7257missions . Referring broadly to science and the future workforce7258pipeline, the objective was always to make NASA a force multiplier for7259science--applying agency resources and talent to enable academia to7260increase the rate of world-changing discovery. Consistent with my7261testimony, I believe it is fundamental to NASA's mission to direct7262grants to academic institutions that develop the pipeline of future7263scientists, engineers, researchers, and astronauts, and to support7264science and technology development aligned with agency objectives.72657266    Question 2. Mr. Isaacman, China is actively increasing its7267investment in STEM education. If we push our brightest young minds out7268of the field by defunding their training supported by NASA, aren't we7269just handing our advantage over to our adversaries?7270    Answer. I believe inspiration and STEM engagement are inherent in7271everything NASA does. By executing on the mission--which naturally7272requires extensive collaboration with academic institutions--7273inspiration and STEM education will follow. That next generation can7274then join the great adventure, whether at NASA or in industry,7275strengthening America's competitiveness and national interests.7276Science Cuts' Impact on Partnerships7277    Mr. Isaacman, ``Project Athena'' aims to terminate active7278scientific programs and close NASA facilities. Our scientific7279partnerships are built on decades of trust, stability, and7280collaboration among researchers at NASA Centers. If we abruptly shutter7281labs, terminate scientists and engineers, and cancel programs, we7282aren't saving money: we are burning bridges with international allies.72837284    Question 3. Mr. Isaacman, how can NASA remain the partner of choice7285for the world's best scientists and space agencies if these commitments7286are abandoned?7287    Answer. The Athena document, as referenced, does not make any7288determinations regarding active scientific programs or the closure of7289any facilities.72907291    Question 4. Mr. Isaacman, if a university or international partner7292has spent millions building an instrument for a NASA mission, what7293impact would cancelling that mission to save cash have, why would any7294international partner trust a signed agreement with NASA ever again?7295    Answer. As previously note, the Athena document does not make any7296such determinations. That said, while I am a strong advocate for7297science, I do not believe every mission or endeavor should be funded7298solely because an academic institution or international partner has7299contributed to it. NASA must be responsible for the resources afforded7300by congress and focus on the world-changing missions the agency was7301created to pursue--missions no other organization is capable of7302accomplishing. And to be clear, academic institutions and international7303partners are essential to achieving those goals.7304NASA Facilities Infrastructure7305    NASA's ten Centers across the country play a key role in our space7306enterprise. These Centers design experiments and analyze data to7307produce key scientific findings; assemble, test, and prepare leading-7308edge payloads and spacecraft for in-space operations; and serve as7309mission control centers and collaboration hubs with researchers across7310the U.S. and world. In Project Athena, you expressed certain views7311which question the role or efficacy of NASA's network of Centers.73127313    Question 5. Mr. Isaacman, if any of NASA's Centers are closed or7314consolidated, how would you ensure NASA--and the U.S.--does not lose7315any critical capabilities in science?7316    Answer. Consistent with my testimony, I do not believe it is a good7317use of time or resources to close centers when NASA requires the best7318and brightest to achieve world-changing missions. The document in7319question focused more on logically organizing assets across the7320agency--for example, considering Armstrong, which manages aircraft,7321actually oversee NASA's aviation fleet. Likewise, it suggested7322potentially repurposing resources that are currently supporting7323infrastructure or test assets in disrepair and with little-to-no7324demand, toward infrastructure and capabilities that are in great demand7325and vital to NASA's mission and to national security.7326Impact of Goddard Closures7327    Mr. Isaacman, we have received reports that critical spaces7328essential for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope at the Goddard7329Space Flight Center are being closed on a compressed timeline. Earth7330observation missions like AQUA and TERRA are being shuttered. The7331DAVINCI mission to study the atmosphere of Venus is also on the7332chopping block. These events will have ripple effects throughout the7333space science ecosystem.7334    Scientists, universities, and companies across the country,7335including in Colorado, are contributing to these missions, using the7336data they produce, and improving life for us here on earth.73377338    Question 6. Mr. Isaacman, how does the cancellation of productive7339investments like these align with your stated goal to ``maximize the7340likelihood of discovering scientific value''?7341    Answer. I am not aware of any specific facility closures or7342cancellations of science programs. I am an advocate for science, and I7343have publicly defended missions--even offering to help personally fund7344some, including Nancy Grace Roman, Hubble, and the Chandra X-ray7345Observatory. I believe flagship missions that continue to yield7346meaningful scientific data at relatively low cost should operate as7347long as the cost-to-yield ratio remains favorable.7348Earth Observation Capabilities7349    Space assets play a crucial role not just in exploring the cosmos,7350but also in protecting life and livelihoods here on Earth. Satellite-7351based observations for flooding, winds, lightning, drought, space7352weather, wildfires, and crop yields drive safety and economic strength7353across America.73547355    Question 7. Mr. Isaacman, what are your plans for ensuring7356continuity of space-based observations and assured U.S. access to the7357data we need to protect American citizens and drive national economic7358growth?7359    Answer. I have always defended the importance of Earth observation7360data and making it freely available to academic institutions. We should7361also remain open-minded about how to capture that data affordably,7362recognizing that several Earth observation constellation providers are7363now capable of delivering portions of the mission at lower cost.7364Leveraging those commercial capabilities and capacity could free7365resources for exciting planetary science missions that only NASA is7366capable of undertaking.7367Microgravity Research7368    NASA has led the world in delivering countless scientific7369breakthroughs thanks to research experiments conducted on the7370International Space Station (ISS). We have analyzed how proteins can7371crystallize in space, which led to drug development for conditions like7372muscular dystrophy. Over its decades in space, the ISS is now on track7373to be retired later this decade. Going forward, we believe it is7374essential the United States continues our sustained human presence and7375microgravity research in space.73767377    Question 8. Mr. Isaacman, if confirmed, how will you ensure NASA7378and Federal agencies have continued access to new commercial space7379stations to conduct scientific research?7380    Answer. I have always taken the position that NASA should maximize7381the remaining life of the ISS and prioritize high-potential research--7382including the areas you referenced--so we can accelerate the7383development of an orbital economy and give commercial space stations7384the best chance of success. I have also consistently supported7385maintaining a ``continuous heartbeat in space'' and believe the United7386States should never accept a capability gap in low-Earth orbit, for7387scientific, economic, and national security reasons.7388National Academies Decadal Surveys7389    Decadal surveys represent a consensus from the scientific community7390on the highest priority scientific questions for NASA to investigate,7391and help enable efficient use of taxpayer dollars through this7392prioritization process. However, you have suggested in past remarks7393that the Decadal Survey process is too slow to incorporate new7394discoveries and that these documents are overly prescriptive when it7395comes to NASA priorities.73967397    Question 9. Mr. Isaacman, can you provide further context for your7398suggestion that the decadal prioritization process should be7399reevaluated?7400    Answer. Given the extent of the commercial space economy today--7401with numerous launch providers, lower costs, and rapid data analysis7402enabled by AI--a faster approach to prioritizing science than once per7403decade should be considered. Just because we have conducted our7404processes a certain way for decades does not mean it remains the most7405effective or efficient model for this new space age.7406NASA Science Mission Directorate7407    NASA's most transformational missions typically take many years to7408go from formulation to development to launch to operations, often going7409beyond any one term or majority in Congress. There has been a push to7410speed up implementation time, but this is unlikely to happen any time7411soon and there are currently a slate of missions in development that7412have years left until completion.74137414    Question 10. Mr. Isaacman, how do you plan to address the current7415slate of science missions to ensure that during your tenure they7416continue on to launch and minimize costs to the taxpayer?7417    Answer. I fully acknowledge that some missions will inherently span7418longer than a single administration to plan, build, and launch. Certain7419challenges demand those timelines. However, NASA should not grow7420comfortable with `generational programs' when there is clear hunger for7421data and discovery. If confirmed, I would intend to challenge the7422system to pursue breakthrough scientific missions as quickly and7423affordably as possible.74247425    Question 11. Mr. Isaacman, how will you sustain a scientific7426community working on these projects that relies on long-term stability7427and programmatic direction to achieve their strongest and most creative7428outputs?7429    Answer. I do not believe most scientists want to build careers7430around a single program, but rather contribute to families of missions7431that build on previous successes--as we saw with Explorer, Pioneer, and7432Mariner. These iterative programs are not a replacement for exquisite7433flagship missions such as JWST, Dragonfly, or Europa Clipper, but we7434should not be comfortable with single scientific programs that unfold7435over decades when there should be hunger for data, iteration, and7436mission success at a much higher cadence.7437Mars Sample Return Mission7438    The United States has led the world in the exploration of Mars7439since Vikings I and II landed in 1976. During questions from your first7440hearing, it was discussed how the Mars Sample Return mission will be7441crucial for planning a human mission to Mars. It is becoming7442increasingly clear delaying Mars Sample Return or waiting for7443astronauts to pick up the samples will make the human exploration of7444Mars much more costly and potentially dangerous, and it will cede7445decades of U.S. space exploration leadership to China. Martian soil has7446substances known to be toxic, as well as uncharacterized biological7447potential.74487449    Question 12. Mr. Isaacman, what is your plan to assess offers from7450U.S. companies to perform the Mars Sample Return mission as a7451commercial service for a fraction of the previous estimated cost?7452    Answer. I believe a Mars Sample Return mission could lead to the7453most consequential scientific discovery in human history, and in that7454respect, I am eager to investigate the opportunities to pursue such a7455mission.7456Space Resources Utilization7457    Space resources, and the extraction and mining of such resources,7458have the potential to support and enable future mission architectures,7459reduce reliance on Earth-sourced materials, and expand what is possible7460in space exploration. Developing the science of space resources and the7461technology to advance them is critical to maintaining our preeminent7462position as a spacefaring nation.74637464    Question 13. Mr. Isaacman, how will you ensure that NASA's approach7465to space resources--across research, policy, and partnerships--promotes7466responsible use while strategically integrating these capabilities into7467future exploration architectures, commercial missions, and potential7468Earth-supply applications?7469    Answer. NASA is fortunate to have many talented subject-matter7470experts, along with numerous avenues to solicit input from industry and7471academia. I am particularly interested in resource utilization as a7472means to ignite an orbital and lunar economy capable of helping fund7473the space-faring future so many hope to see realized. There are, of7474course, significant scientific benefits to resource analysis, as well7475as practical applications--including shielding and habitats--that will7476likely be essential for sustained human operations on the Moon and7477Mars.7478Small Satellite Deep-Space Missions7479    Colorado is home to one of the Nation's largest aerospace7480workforces and multiple major research universities and Federal labs.7481Small satellites are increasingly critical for scouting, communications7482relays, technology demonstrations, and space weather monitoring.74837484    Question 14. Mr. Isaacman, what role do you see for small7485satellites in enabling human and robotic missions in cislunar and deep-7486space? What policy support or funding mechanisms would best enable a7487sustainable cadence of small deep-space missions?7488    Answer. As you may be aware, I have spoken and written extensively7489about NASA serving as a force-multiplier for science--leveraging7490talent, bulk buys of launch and spacecraft buses, and enabling academia7491to undertake more meaningful discovery missions, including in cislunar7492and deep space. I believe programs of this nature could help7493differentiate academic institutions and provide access to exploration7494assets that attract students and researchers. I have had initial7495conversations with academic institutions and industry on this topic7496and, if confirmed, would look forward to exploring the concept further.7497STEM Education & NASA7498    You have stated previously that you view STEM Education as crucial7499for inspiring future generations and driving innovation as we compete7500with China and other countries. As you know, NASA's Office of STEM7501Engagement (OSTEM) and Space Grant Consortium works with non-profit7502affiliates across Colorado and nationwide to deliver quality STEM7503engagement programs to K-12 and college students. These programs7504successfully build a STEM workforce, connect students and faculty with7505NASA programs, and bridge academia to industry.75067507    Question 15. Mr. Isaacman, will you work with me to ensure that7508these OSTEM programs continue to grow to meet the challenges ahead?7509    Answer. I believe STEM education and inspiration is inherent in all7510that NASA endeavors to accomplish and is vital to the long-term success7511of the agency.7512Artemis Mission Supply Chain7513    In response to a question regarding the One Big Beautiful Bill's7514funding for the Space Launch System (SLS) for Artemis missions through7515Artemis V, you seemed to indicate that by that point, there will be7516other heavy lift options available and thus revised architectures may7517be possible. However, hardware is in flow now that supports SLS and7518Orion for flights beyond Artemis V. To interrupt the existing supply7519chain would risk putting in place another gap in U.S. human spaceflight7520capability--and as you rightfully stated in your testimony, we can7521never afford to let that happen again.75227523    Question 16. Mr. Isaacman, since we may not know the status or7524success of these alternative launch vehicles and landers for at least75253-4 more years, will you commit to maintaining the existing supply7526chain and progress on hardware to support future Artemis missions7527beyond Artemis V at least until such time as we have a new vehicle (or7528vehicles) in place that is fully certified to fly with humans?7529    Answer. I will certainly commit to working with Congress and will7530always follow the law. As it stands, the One Big Beautiful Bill7531contemplates funding through Artemis V, and in that respect, I agree7532that SLS and Orion are the most expeditious path to meeting near-term7533lunar objectives. However, it is worth acknowledging the cost of SLS as7534highlighted by NASA's Inspector General, and recognizing that if we7535want an enduring presence on the Moon--with mission cadence greater7536than every few years--and future missions to Mars and beyond, it will7537be imperative to eventually pivot to an architecture that enables more7538frequent and affordable launches.7539                                 ______75407541   Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. John Fetterman to7542                             Jared Isaacman7543    Question 1. Mr. Isaacman, President Trump signed an executive order7544on August 28th that ended collective bargaining agreements between7545Federal employee unions and various Federal agencies, including NASA.7546In its justification for this move, the Administration stated that7547these collective bargaining agreements impede national security because7548they could delay implementation of ``time-sensitive'' national security7549measures. While the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 allows for the7550suspension of collective bargaining in limited national security7551circumstances, this August 28th decision covered every single Federal7552employee at NASA.7553    Do you believe that every NASA employee that was represented by a7554union before August 28, 2025, is engaged in work which directly affects7555national security?7556    Answer. I believe NASA undertakes work that is vital to the7557national interest and, in many cases, essential to America's7558competitiveness and national security.75597560    Question 2. Mr. Isaacman, the American people expect NASA to lead7561and execute on the President's plan to return to the Moon. I am7562particularly interested in what you are going to do to ensure success7563on the power generation missions, which are crucially important for any7564exploration on the lunar surface. Congress has historically highlighted7565the importance of a mix of power solutions, including utilizing solar7566array technologies. These systems increase the odds that we can beat7567China back to the Moon and claim key locations around the south pole7568while also being less expensive and faster.7569    How do you view solar power generation fitting into the overall7570lunar surface power portfolio going forward?7571    Answer. There is scarce real estate on the lunar surface that7572provides access to both solar power and vital resources. I believe it7573is imperative that NASA return to the Moon before our great competitor7574and establish the infrastructure necessary to realize the scientific,7575economic, and national security benefits of a sustained presence. That7576certainly includes solar power, of which I am a strong proponent. That7577said, not every scientific mission will be able to rely on solar7578energy--whether due to distance from the Sun in deep space, power-7579generation requirements (resource manufacturing), or other7580constraints--which is why I am also a strong advocate for urgent7581investment in space-based nuclear programs (propulsion and surface7582power).7583                                 ______75847585    Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Roger Wicker to7586                            Steven H. Haines7587Question #1:7588    Recent global events have highlighted risks in our supply chains7589supply chains. These events, such as natural disasters and the COVID-197590pandemic, caused significant delays and shortages. These obstacles can7591cause consumers in the U.S. to have to pay higher prices for everyday7592goods and lack access to critical products, such as medical supplies.7593The U.S. is heavily reliant on single countries for critical supply7594chain segments, including manufacturing components, critical minerals,7595and active pharmaceutical ingredients. This concentration poses a7596significant risk of disruption. Reported estimates suggest that more7597than 90 percent of U.S. manufacturing companies do not have complete7598visibility throughout their entire supply chain.7599    The Industry & Analysis (I&A) unit at the International Trade7600Administration houses a dedicated Supply Chain Center charged with7601increasing the resilience of critical supply chains, integrating7602industry expertise and data analytics to develop supply-chain risk-7603assessment tools. The unit develops innovative supply chain risk7604assessment tools and coordinates case studies on critical supply7605chains.76067607    Question. Mr. Haines, as the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for7608Industry and Analysis, you would drive policy for U.S. manufacturing7609industries and supply chains. What actions do you think are necessary7610to rebuild domestic manufacturing capacity and advance U.S. supply7611chain resiliency?7612    Do you agree that strengthening America's supply chains will ensure7613our economic competitiveness?7614    Answer. I believe that strengthening America's supply chains is7615critical to our competitiveness and our national security.7616    If I am confirmed as Assistant Secretary for Industry & Analysis, I7617will be charged with helping the Administration implement the America7618First Trade Policy and strengthen critical supply chains.7619    As Assistant Secretary, I will ensure that I&A provides the most7620sophisticated analysis possible on supply chains, and works closely7621with American companies to make their supply chains stronger and more7622resilient by developing enhanced data resources and tools.7623                                 ______76247625     Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Todd Young to7626                            Steven H. Haines7627    ITA's mandate is to support U.S. industry competitiveness, but it7628increasingly has to supply analysis for tariff actions and inclusion7629decisions that are justified on national security grounds.76307631    Question. If confirmed, how do you envision using ITA's analysis7632within the existing petition-and-comment process for tariff inclusions7633to ensure that decisions are grounded in clear, consistently applied7634criteria rather than trending over time toward very broad or automatic7635coverage of petitions?7636    Answer. If confirmed as Assistant Secretary for Industry &7637Analysis, I will ensure that any future role I&A plays in any tariff7638inclusion process is grounded in clear, consistently applied, and7639evidence-based criteria. This includes a focus on objective factors7640such as U.S. and allied production capacity, lead times, quality7641requirements, and risks of circumvention or over-reliance on non-market7642economies.7643                                 ______76447645   Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Maria Cantwell to7646                            Steven H. Haines7647    Data Integrity. We have seen the integrity of Federal economic data7648threatened by this Administration. This summer, the Commissioner of the7649Bureau of Labor Statistics was fired after publishing jobs data that7650the president did not like. If confirmed, you would be responsible for7651providing critical analysis and data to support trade policy decisions.76527653    Question 1. If the Secretary or the President threatened to fire7654you if you released accurate economic data they did not like, would you7655risk losing your job to maintain data integrity?7656    Answer. The President and the Secretary are committed to ensuring7657the accuracy and integrity of Federal data. If confirmed, I look7658forward to sharing their commitment to data accuracy and integrity.76597660    Question 2. Yes or No: Will you commit to never compromise the7661integrity of government economic data?7662    Answer. If confirmed, I will follow the law.76637664    Supply Chains. The U.S. manufacturing sector employs nearly 137665million American workers and accounts for 10.3 percent of our GDP, yet7666one supply chain shock can cause widespread disruption causing7667shortages and price increases.7668    As we discussed during the hearing, my bill, the Promoting7669Resilient Supply Chains Act (co-sponsored by Senators Blackburn, Blunt7670Rochester, and Young), would expand the responsibilities of the7671Assistant Secretary for Industry and Analysis. These new7672responsibilities would include promoting the stability of critical7673supply chains and emerging technologies by identifying, preparing for,7674and responding to supply chain shocks. I appreciate your commitment to7675implementing the legislation to the fullest extent if enacted, and hope7676that you can elaborate on your view of the bill for the record.76777678    Question 1. Yes or No: Do you support my Promoting Resilient Supply7679Chains Act, and will you work with me to get this bill signed into law?7680    Answer. The resiliency and security of America's supply chains is a7681top priority for the Industry & Analysis unit. I have been closely7682monitoring the potential enactment of the Promoting Resilient Supply7683Chains Act to ensure that I&A is ready to deliver on these new7684responsibilities if enacted.76857686    Question 2. What specific improvements do you think we should make7687to better protect our supply chains?7688    Answer. President Trump is taking steps to restore American7689manufacturing and encourage the growth of key industries domestically.7690These efforts will incentivize demand for U.S.-made products and7691technologies and increase supply chain resiliency.7692    In far too many areas, the United States has become reliant on7693imports of critical components and materials from adversaries,7694requiring bold action to secure American supply chains.7695    Dependence on foreign sources introduces external vulnerabilities,7696heightening the risk of disruptions that could have significant7697consequences for U.S. economic security.7698    Better understanding our exposure to producers in adversarial7699nations and identifying supply chain chokepoints is critical to helping7700American industry better restore, support, and safeguard their supply7701chains against unexpected shocks.7702    If confirmed, I will continuously monitor and evaluate data sources7703to ensure it can map critical sectors. This data driven approach helps7704inform targeted actions by the U.S. government, whether through trade7705enforcement, supply chain interventions, investment reviews, or7706domestic industrial development.77077708    Tariffs' impact on American Families. The Trump Administration's7709unpredictable tariffs agenda has been felt the hardest by hard working7710American families and small businesses. In my home state, Teri's7711Toybox, a small toy store that has been in business for over 40 years,7712is experiencing 30 to 50 percent cost increases. This is forcing the7713store owners to absorb extra costs heading into the holiday shopping7714season and threatening the affordability of children's gifts.7715    The Supreme Court is weighing a case right now that will determine7716if there has been presidential overreach.77177718    Question 1. Do you support the President's tariff agenda? Why or7719why not.7720    Answer. Yes. President Trump's trade actions have been necessary7721and deliberate responses to years of unfair trade practices that have7722harmed American workers, manufacturers, and critical supply chains.77237724    Question 2. Do you believe the Administration's tariff policies are7725contributing to the affordability crisis impacting the American public?7726Why or why not.7727    Answer. Under President Trump's leadership, we have seen record7728investment pour into the United States from around the world. We are7729also seeing wage increases outpace the rate of inflation, which has7730slowed after reaching 40-year highs under the Biden administration.77317732    Question 3. You have been working for this Administration since7733January. Are you aware of whether the Administration has developed7734specific contingency plans if the Supreme Court strikes down its IEEPA7735tariffs? If yes, please describe them.7736    Answer. The President has a number of tools and trade authorities7737at his disposal, and he stands ready to use them as necessary.77387739    Question 4. What do you say to the small businesses like Terri's7740Toybox that are struggling with massive cost increases due to the7741Administration's tariffs and looming uncertainty?7742    Answer. The Administration's trade policies are focused on7743revitalizing American manufacturing and encouraging the growth of7744strong domestic industries. If confirmed, I look forward to engaging7745with stakeholders from across the country to understand how businesses7746are impacted by trade policies.77477748    Tariff Analysis and Data. you served as Acting Assistant Secretary7749for Industry and Analysis earlier this year. You should be very7750familiar with the experts who collect key economic data for American7751trade and policy. However, the Administration has thus far failed to7752publish important analysis on how tariffs are impacting Americans and7753the U.S. economy.7754    Economic analysis should underpin U.S. trade policy. And Congress,7755businesses and American consumers should know what analyses the7756Administration is relying on to justify this tariff chaos.77577758    Question 1. Would you agree that the office of Industry and7759Analysis has the expertise and ability to conduct analyses of the7760impact of tariffs on businesses, consumers, and the U.S. economy?7761    Answer. Yes. Among its roles, I&A specializes in providing7762expertise, data, and advanced analytics to support stakeholders and7763inform decision-making on tariffs and trade, investment, and other7764matters affecting U.S. competitiveness.77657766    Question 2. If confirmed, will you commit to publishing economic7767impact analyses with data on critical American industries, supply7768chains, and the economy as a whole?7769    Answer. If confirmed, I will ensure that I&A analysts continue to7770provide the most sophisticated, data-driven analysis possible, and work7771closely with stakeholders, including American companies, to provide7772analytical products on trade, supply chains, industries, and the7773broader economy.77747775    Tariffs Clothing and Textiles Impact. The Administration's chaotic7776trade policies have fostered confusion and disruption among key7777industries including the apparel and footwear industry. The Yale Budget7778lab estimates President Trump's import taxes will cause especially high7779price increases--22 percent for leather goods like shoes and 21 percent7780for apparel.7781    The outdoor clothing industry is particularly vital to my state,7782representing $22.5 billion in GDP and more than 121,000 jobs in7783Washington alone.77847785    Question 1. Do you disagree with the Yale Budget Lab's analysis7786that apparel and footwear are facing major price increases due to7787tariffs? If so, what studies or data support your position?7788    Answer. I recognize the importance of the apparel and footwear7789industries, including outdoor clothing, and if confirmed I am committed7790to supporting policies that advance fair trade and investment.77917792    Question 2. How long would it take to shift the current supply7793chains for these goods so more of their manufacturing can be done in7794the U.S.?7795    Answer. The Trump Administration has taken several actions to7796ensure U.S. textile and apparel companies can manufacture competitively7797in the United States and employ American workers including closing the7798de minimis loophole and supporting this sector through policies that7799advance fair trade, investment, and sustainability.78007801    Question 3. What actions will you take to protect the apparel7802industry and small businesses, which currently face undue harm by the7803Trump Administration's tariff policies?7804    Answer. The U.S. textile and apparel industry is a major engine of7805economic growth, supporting hundreds of thousands of jobs and7806generating billions in output and exports. To protect American7807producers from unfair competition while also preserving our industrial7808capacity, the Trump Administration made it a priority to close the de7809minimis loophole around the world and advance fair trade.78107811    Spokane Tech Hub. The goals of the Economic Development7812Administration's Tech Hub program are to diffuse our innovation7813capacity to all regions of the United States, onshoring our supply7814chains, and increasing our capacity for advanced materials7815manufacturing.7816    We have established a Washington and Idaho Tech Hub in Spokane7817focused on advanced thermoplastic composite materials with the7818ambitious goal of enabling manufacturing by industry at scale.78197820    Question 1. Do you agree that the goals of the Tech Hub program are7821essential to our global competitiveness in the aerospace and aviation7822sectors?7823    Answer. Supporting a healthy, robust manufacturing industry is7824central to the Department of Commerce's mission. I defer to officials7825at the Economic Development Administration about the specifics of that7826program.78277828    Question 2. Will you be an advocate within the Department of7829Commerce for the Spokane-Cour d'Alene Tech Hub?7830    Answer. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with your7831office to learn more about this topic.7832                                 ______78337834   Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Amy Klobuchar to7835                            Steven H. Haines7836Question Topic: Tourism7837    The travel and tourism industry still face headwinds, including7838visa delays, workforce shortages, and a decline in international7839visitors--all of which affect U.S. services exports and regional7840economies like Minnesota's. The Department of Commerce's Industry &7841Analysis unit's data and competitiveness analysis will be key to our7842efforts to address these issues.78437844   How would you use the analytical tools of the office of7845        Industry & Analysis to identify the barriers to travel and7846        tourism recovery and turn those findings into recommendations7847        that support this sector of the economy?7848    Answer. If confirmed, I will work with the National Travel and7849Tourism Office to further strengthen and capitalize on its important7850programs for the sector.7851Question Topic: Brand USA7852    I have long been an advocate for Brand USA, a public-private7853partnership that promotes international travel to the United States.7854International visitors generate an estimated $4,000 per trip and7855support more than 80,000 American jobs annually. I co-lead the7856bipartisan VISIT USA Act with Senator Sullivan to offset recent funding7857cuts to Brand USA.7858    If confirmed, how will you work to strengthen programs like Brand7859USA--which does not use taxpayer dollars--to ensure the U.S. remains7860competitive in attracting international visitors, especially with major7861upcoming events like the World Cup, America's Semiquincentennial7862celebrations, and the 2028 Olympics?7863    Answer. If confirmed, I will work with Brand USA to ensure that the7864program meets its statutory requirements.78657866                                  [all]