H.Res. 1486

IV
  119TH CONGRESS
  2D SESSION
  H. RES. 1486
  Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high
  crimes and misdemeanors.
  IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
  AUGUST 24, 2026
  Mr. GREEN of Texas submitted the following resolution; which was referred
  to the Committee on the Judiciary
  RESOLUTION
  Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United
  States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.
  1  Resolved, that Donald John Trump, President of the
  2 United States, is impeached for high crimes and mis-
  3 demeanors, as he has violated article II, section 1, clause
  4 8 of the United States Constitution by failing to uphold
  5 his constitutionally mandated solemn Presidential oath of
  6 office to ‘‘preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution
  7 of the United States,’’ thereby demonstrating that he is
  8 a great threat to democracy and the Constitution for cur-
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  9 rent high crimes and misdemeanors not cited in H. Res.
  10 24, under which he was impeached on January 13, 2021,
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  1 and that the following articles of impeachment be exhib-
  2 ited to the Senate:
  3  Articles of impeachment exhibited by the House of
  4 Representatives of the United States of America in the
  5 name of itself and of the people of the United States of
  6 America, against Donald John Trump, President of the
  7 United States of America, in maintenance and support of
  8 its impeachment against him for high crimes and mis-
  9 demeanors.
  10  ARTICLE I
  11  Our country and the lives of people within it are at
  12 risk as President Donald John Trump is a great threat
  13 to the United States democratic republic, its Constitution,
  14 and democracy, violating article II, section 1, clause 8 of
  15 the United States Constitution and its mandate to faith-
  16 fully execute the office of President of the United States
  17 and, to the best of his ability, preserve, protect, and defend
  18 the Constitution of the United States, as he is abusing
  19 the powers of the Presidency by operating United States
  20 Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Cus-
  21 toms and Border Protection (CBP) as his vicious, quota-
  22 driven, unaccountable paramilitary police forces, trans-
  23 gressing with anonymity and secrecy, assaulting people,
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  24 committing and covering up unjustified killings of civilians
  25 (including Renée Good, Alex Pretti, Lorenzo Salgado
  26 Araujo, and Johan Sebastián Durán Guerrero) with impu-
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  1 nity (acting as judge, jury, prosecutor, and executioner),
  2 terrorizing communities, and brazenly and wantonly de-
  3 volving the United States democratic republic into an au-
  4 thoritarian regime, where unjustified killings and coverups
  5 by ICE and CBP are normalized.
  6  The case for President Donald John Trump’s im-
  7 peachment is as follows:
  8  ‘‘Shall any man be above justice?’’ These immortal
  9 words of Constitutional Convention delegate George
  10 Mason became the impetus for adding high crimes and
  11 misdemeanors to the Constitution as grounds for the im-
  12 peachment of a President who commits injustices harmful
  13 to the republic (society) or who, if left in office, would
  14 be a threat to the republic.
  15  Ahead of the 2024 election, former Vice President
  16 Dick Cheney declared, ‘‘In our nation’s 246-year history,
  17 there has never been an individual who is a greater threat
  18 to our republic than Donald Trump.’’.
  19  The President is reducing American democracy to an
  20 authoritarian regime. An authoritarian regime is a system
  21 of government that has no established mechanism for the
  22 transfer of executive power and limits citizens’ civil lib-
  23 erties or political rights, often characterized by a leader
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  24 with near absolute power, a powerful secret police force,
  25 low political trust, and little tolerance of dissent.
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  1  The President is overseeing and defending unjustified
  2 killings. An unjustified killing is a death caused by some-
  3 one—often a law enforcement officer or other authorized
  4 actor—when there was no lawful reason, immediate
  5 threat, or legal justification for using deadly force, making
  6 the act unlawful under criminal or human rights stand-
  7 ards.
  8  The President is covering up unjustified killings. A
  9 coverup is a usually concerted effort to keep an illegal or
  10 unethical act or situation from being made public.
  11  The United States Constitution accords the United
  12 States House of Representatives the power to impeach a
  13 President for high crimes and misdemeanors committed
  14 in violation of the President’s mandated oath of office to
  15 preserve, protect, and defend the United States Constitu-
  16 tion, codified in article II, section 1, clause 8 of the United
  17 States Constitution.
  18  High crimes and misdemeanors need not be criminal
  19 or statutory, and are therefore not constrained by Federal
  20 criminal or civil statutes. Impeachment is a political ques-
  21 tion, as the offenses ‘‘relate chiefly to injuries done imme-
  22 diately to the society itself,’’ as determined by a majority
  23 vote of the United States House of Representatives.
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  24  High crimes and misdemeanors committed by the
  25 President of the United States and not addressed by this
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  1 body (the United States House of Representatives)
  2 through its sovereign impeachment power, unconstrained
  3 by the ostensible will of the United States Senate, threaten
  4 the very fabric and survival of the United States Constitu-
  5 tion and our democratic republic.
  6  After having been impeached by the United States
  7 House of Representatives on January 13, 2021, under ar-
  8 ticles of impeachment in H. Res. 24, stating that Donald
  9 John Trump, ‘‘. . . has demonstrated that he will remain
  10 a threat to national security, democracy, and the Constitu-
  11 tion if allowed to remain in office, and has acted in a man-
  12 ner grossly incompatible with self-governance and the rule
  13 of law.’’ Dangerously, President Trump continues to be
  14 a threat to the United States, democracy, the Constitu-
  15 tion, and the United States democratic republic if allowed
  16 to remain in office, as he has replaced those he incited
  17 to assault the Capitol with ICE and CBP.
  18  On the first day of his second four-year term as
  19 President of the United States, he made it perspicuously
  20 clear to ICE and CBP officers that he would pardon them
  21 for breaches of Federal law by pardoning more than 1,000
  22 persons convicted of Federal crimes associated with the
  23 January 6, 2021, assault on the U.S. Capitol. He now con-
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  24 tinues to act in a manner ‘‘grossly incompatible with self-
  25 governance and the rule of law’’ by condoning Federal in-
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  1 vestigators withholding evidence from local investigators
  2 and engaging in coverups, thereby protecting the offending
  3 officers instead of the American people.
  4  President Trump, using the powers of his high office,
  5 individually and in coordination with officers in his admin-
  6 istration, has transformed ICE and CBP into dangerous,
  7 unaccountable paramilitary police forces that operate
  8 without oversight and pose a direct threat to the constitu-
  9 tional order of the United States and the people of the
  10 United States. By such abuses of power, President Trump
  11 is brazenly and wantonly devolving the United States
  12 democratic republic into an authoritarian regime.
  13  Under President Trump, ICE and CBP operate with
  14 impunity while armed with military-grade weapons and
  15 control vast resources provided by taxpayers to fund Presi-
  16 dent Trump’s anti-democracy agenda.
  17  President Trump has used ICE and CBP to suppress
  18 the First Amendment rights to free speech and a free
  19 press; violate the Fourth Amendment right to privacy and
  20 protections against unlawful searches and excessive force;
  21 and defy the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment guaran-
  22 tees of due process and equal protection by allowing and
  23 encouraging racially targeted arrests, unjustified deten-
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  24 tions, and unjustified killings. These unjustified killings
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  1 include those of Renée Good, Alex Pretti, Lorenzo Salgado
  2 Araujo, and Johan Sebastián Durán Guerrero.
  3  President Trump, by his conduct, continues to dem-
  4 onstrate that he is a great threat to democracy, the United
  5 States Constitution, and the democratic republic, by dan-
  6 gerously flouting constitutional rights, including:
  7  (1) enabling ICE and CBP to act as judge,
  8  jury, prosecutor, and executioner by assaulting and
  9  committing unjustified killings of people with impu-
  10  nity, in violation of the Fifth Amendment right to
  11  due process;
  12  (2) enabling ICE and CBP to operate with ano-
  13  nymity and in secrecy to terrorize communities, in
  14  violation of the Fourth Amendment protection
  15  against unreasonable searches and seizures and the
  16  Fifth Amendment right to due process;
  17  (3) enabling ICE and CBP to undermine civil
  18  liberties and basic freedom of speech, in violation of
  19  the First Amendment right to free speech; and
  20  (4) undermining judicial oversight.
  21  As a result, ICE and CBP, under President Trump’s
  22 authority, have been converted into his militarized secret
  23 police forces (often acting as judge, jury, prosecutor, and
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  24 executioner) that violate and debase, instead of uphold,
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  1 the rule of law by abusing and harming those they should
  2 protect, as explicated below for each of the above topics.
  3     (1) ENABLING ICE AND CBP TO ACT AS JUDGE, JURY,
  4  PROSECUTOR, AND EXECUTIONER WHEN ASSAULT-
  5  ING AND COMMITTING UNJUSTIFIED KILLINGS WITH
  6  IMPUNITY, IN VIOLATION OF THE FIFTH AMEND-
  7  MENT RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS
  8  Under President Trump’s control and with the sup-
  9 port and backing of senior officials in his administration,
  10 Federal immigration officers have conducted unjustified
  11 killings of civilians with impunity, including Renée Good,
  12 Alex Pretti, Lorenzo Salgado Araujo, and Johan
  13 Sebastián Durán Guerrero. The Trump administration
  14 has encouraged, condoned, and covered up these unjusti-
  15 fied killings by protecting the shooters and spreading dan-
  16 gerous misinformation about the shootings and the victims
  17 while obstructing State and local investigations. Pre-
  18 venting local investigations, congressional oversight, and
  19 judicial accountability has enabled ICE and CBP officers
  20 to act with impunity as judge, jury, prosecutor, and execu-
  21 tioner.
  22  On January 7, 2026, an ICE officer shot and killed
  23 37-year-old Renée Nicole Good, an unarmed civilian, U.S.
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  24 citizen, Minneapolis resident, wife, mother of young chil-
  25 dren, and poet. Video evidence demonstrates and witnesses
  26 confirm that she posed no threat to ICE officers when an
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  1 ICE officer opened fire, shooting her three times, striking
  2 her in the head, and killing her. ICE officers failed to
  3 render any aid to Ms. Good, in violation of DHS policies,
  4 and blocked and then delayed emergency medical per-
  5 sonnel from reaching her. This is an unjustified killing.
  6  President Trump, directly and through senior offi-
  7 cials in his administration, including then-DHS Secretary
  8 Kristi Noem, immediately began to cover up the crime and
  9 protect ICE officers from being held responsible for Ms.
  10 Good’s killing. They repeatedly lied about Ms. Good, the
  11 ICE officers’ actions, and the events surrounding the
  12 shooting, all of which are refuted by witnesses and video
  13 evidence of the event. The Trump administration, by and
  14 through the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),
  15 blocked Minnesota law enforcement from gaining access
  16 to materials and evidence related to the shooting, and the
  17 Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice (DOJ)
  18 refused to investigate the killing. Instead, the FBI and
  19 DOJ tried to force employees to investigate Ms. Good’s
  20 widow, which prompted a wave of resignations. On Janu-
  21 ary 7, 2026, President Trump issued the following state-
  22 ment on Truth Social:
  23  ‘‘I have just viewed the clip of the event which
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  24  took place in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is a horrible
  25  thing to watch. The woman screaming was, obvi-
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  1  ously, a professional agitator, and the woman driv-
  2  ing the car was very disorderly, obstructing and re-
  3  sisting, who then violently, willfully, and viciously
  4  ran over the ICE Officer, who seems to have shot
  5  her in self-defense. Based on the attached clip, it is
  6  hard to believe he is alive but is now recovering in
  7  the hospital. The situation is being studied, in its
  8  entirety, but the reason these incidents are hap-
  9  pening is because the Radical Left is threatening,
  10  assaulting, and targeting our Law Enforcement Offi-
  11  cers and ICE Agents on a daily basis. They are just
  12  trying to do the job of MAKING AMERICA SAFE.
  13  We need to stand by and protect our Law Enforce-
  14  ment Officers from this Radical Left Movement of
  15  Violence and Hate! PRESIDENT DONALD J.
  16  TRUMP.’’.
  17  The above statement is proof of President Trump’s
  18 enabling of a coverup and condoning of an unjustified kill-
  19 ing. Without a trial, a Federal immigration officer acted
  20 as judge, jury, prosecutor, and executioner.
  21  On January 24, 2026, Federal immigration officers
  22 killed Alex Pretti, a 37-year-old ICU nurse, when he was
  23 part of a small group of approximately fifteen peaceful
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  24 protesters. Video and witness accounts demonstrate that
  25 immediately before the shooting, a Federal officer shoved
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  1 a female observer standing next to Mr. Pretti. When Mr.
  2 Pretti moved between the officer and the woman he had
  3 assaulted, the officer sprayed Mr. Pretti with a chemical
  4 agent and pulled him to his knees. At least six other offi-
  5 cers then surrounded Mr. Pretti, pushed him to the
  6 ground, and took possession of Mr. Pretti’s gun. Officers
  7 then shot Mr. Pretti at least nine times, killing him. As
  8 with the unjustified killing of Ms. Good, the Federal offi-
  9 cers did not provide medical aid. Although Mr. Pretti was
  10 armed—with a gun he was legally licensed to carry—he
  11 never brandished it at any point during the encounter, de-
  12 spite being assaulted physically, including with chemical
  13 agents, and a Federal officer had control of Mr. Pretti’s
  14 weapon when he was killed.
  15  President Trump, once again, directly and through
  16 senior officials in his administration, including then-DHS
  17 Secretary Kristi Noem, attempted to cover up the crime,
  18 protect the ICE officers who killed Mr. Pretti, and spread
  19 dangerous and demonstrably false disinformation about
  20 Mr. Pretti, the protest, and his unjustified killing. On Jan-
  21 uary 30, 2026, President Trump issued the following
  22 statement on Truth Social:
  23  ‘‘Agitator and, perhaps, insurrectionist, Alex
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  24  Pretti’s stock has gone way down with the just re-
  25  leased video of him screaming and spitting in the
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  1  face of a very calm and under control ICE Officer,
  2  and then crazily kicking in a new and very expensive
  3  government vehicle, so hard and violent, in fact, that
  4  the taillight broke off in pieces. It was quite a dis-
  5  play of abuse and anger, for all to see, crazed and
  6  out of control. The ICE Officer was calm and cool,
  7  not an easy thing to be under those circumstances!
  8  MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN.’’.
  9  The above statement is further proof of President
  10 Trump’s enabling of a coverup and condoning of an un-
  11 justified killing. Without a trial, a Federal immigration
  12 officer acted as judge, jury, prosecutor, and executioner.
  13  On July 7, 2026, an ICE officer shot and killed 52-
  14 year-old Lorenzo Salgado Araujo, an undocumented immi-
  15 grant who had lived and worked in the United States for
  16 nearly 35 years and was the father of three U.S. citizens,
  17 as he drove his construction crew to a Houston job site.
  18 Federal officers in two unmarked SUVs drove erratically
  19 to follow Mr. Araujo, including by driving on the wrong
  20 side of the street toward Mr. Araujo’s vehicle. After block-
  21 ing Mr. Araujo’s vehicle, Federal officers—none of whom
  22 were wearing body cameras—committed the unjustified
  23 killing of Mr. Araujo, who was unarmed and not a target
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  24 of an investigation, and arrested the surviving passengers.
  25 Three witnesses have stated that the ICE officials shot
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  1 at Mr. Araujo soon after they exited their vehicle and that
  2 Mr. Araujo never drove the vehicle toward the unmarked
  3 SUVs or the ICE officers. A spokesperson for DHS, echo-
  4 ing false claims it has made repeatedly, including to justify
  5 the killing of Ms. Good, claimed that they shot Mr. Araujo
  6 because he rammed an ICE vehicle, a claim not supported
  7 by video evidence and contradicted by witnesses. Federal
  8 officials took Mr. Araujo’s belongings and sent him to the
  9 hospital as a John Doe. His sons had to learn about his
  10 death by seeing video footage of their father dying in the
  11 street where he was shot.
  12  DOJ and DHS, acting under the authority and con-
  13 trol of President Trump, have refused to cooperate with
  14 local investigations, refused to disclose the names of the
  15 perpetrators, claimed the officers involved acted in self-
  16 defense, and are painting Mr. Araujo as an aggressor be-
  17 fore any investigation has been completed. These self-de-
  18 fense claims are not supported by available video evidence
  19 and are contradicted by witnesses. Federal officials also
  20 publicly insinuated that Mr. Araujo was involved in nar-
  21 cotics activity by highlighting the discovery of a ‘‘crystal-
  22 like substance’’ in his vehicle. Subsequent laboratory test-
  23 ing confirmed that the substance was not an illicit drug,
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  24 disproving those suggestions.
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  1  This too is an unjustified killing. Without a trial, a
  2 Federal immigration officer acted as judge, jury, pros-
  3 ecutor, and executioner.
  4  On July 13, 2026, ICE officers killed Mr. Johan
  5 Sebastián Durán Guerrero, an unarmed man, in Bidde-
  6 ford, Maine, during yet another purported traffic stop in
  7 which the victim posed no threat to the ICE officers who
  8 gunned him down. DHS claims that it was surveilling the
  9 last-known address of someone with a final order of re-
  10 moval, followed someone who left that residence, and then,
  11 when that person drove away in the vehicle, the officer,
  12 ‘‘fearing for public safety,’’ shot and killed Mr. Guerrero,
  13 while his wife watched from their apartment building win-
  14 dow. In fact, ICE officers were looking for someone else;
  15 Mr. Guerrero had work authorization, was a husband, and
  16 was the father of a three-year-old daughter who had to
  17 see her father lying dead in the street after being gunned
  18 down by ICE officers.
  19  This too is an unjustified killing. Without a trial, a
  20 Federal immigration officer acted as judge, jury, pros-
  21 ecutor, and executioner.
  22  Though DHS briefly ceased non-urgent traffic stops
  23 after its officers unjustifiably killed two people within a
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  24 single week, President Trump swiftly announced his sup-
  25 port for DHS policies that have resulted in the brutal kill-
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  1 ing of civilians, via a social media post: ‘‘The men and
  2 women of ICE are doing a GREAT job, one that has to
  3 be done. We CANNOT give up one of I.C.E.’s most impor-
  4 tant and effective Crime Fighting tools, THE TRAFFIC
  5 STOP!’’ President Trump continued to condone unjusti-
  6 fied killings by ICE and CBP officials.
  7     (2) ENABLING ICE AND CBP TO OPERATE WITH ANONYM-
  8  ITY AND SECRECY TO TERRORIZE COMMUNITIES, IN
  9  VIOLATION OF THE FOURTH AMENDMENT PROTEC-
  10  TION AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCHES AND SEI-
  11  ZURES AND THE FIFTH AMENDMENT RIGHT TO DUE
  12  PROCESS
  13  Under President Trump’s control, ICE and CBP offi-
  14 cers hide their identities by wearing masks and other face
  15 coverings, failing to wear identifying uniforms, refusing to
  16 provide their names and badge numbers, and entering
  17 homes without warrants. Through government-sanctioned
  18 anonymity, officers evade accountability to the public,
  19 elected officials, and the courts. Under President Trump’s
  20 direction, his administration has actively refused to co-
  21 operate with and has intentionally hampered State inves-
  22 tigations into abuses by Federal officers, withholding im-
  23 portant evidence to shield officers from scrutiny for un-
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  24 justified killings in Minnesota, Texas, and Maine. The
  25 masks worn by officers also inspire fear and instill terror
  26 in their victims and the communities in which the officers
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  1 operate. As Judge William G. Young of the United States
  2 District Court for the District of Massachusetts explained:
  3 ‘‘ICE goes masked for a single reason—to terrorize Amer-
  4 icans into quiescence. . . . [M]asks are associated with
  5 cowardly desperados and the despised Ku Klux Klan. In
  6 all our history, we have never tolerated an armed, masked
  7 secret police.’’.
  8     (3) ENABLING ICE AND CBP TO UNDERMINE CIVIL LIB-
  9  ERTIES AND BASIC FREEDOM OF SPEECH, IN VIOLA-
  10  TION OF THE FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHT TO FREE
  11  SPEECH
  12  With President Trump’s express support and encour-
  13 agement, ICE and CBP have targeted and unconstitution-
  14 ally arrested pro-Palestinian students and academics with-
  15 out an adequate legal basis in violation of their First
  16 Amendment right to free speech, including Mahmoud
  17 Khalil, Rumeysa Öztürk, Mohsen Mahdawi, and Badar
  18 Khan Suri, among others.
  19  Under President Trump’s command, ICE and CBP
  20 are operating with impunity to carry out mass, unlawful
  21 arrests; illegally imprison people; illegally remove them
  22 from the country; and commit violent crimes against peo-
  23 ple in an effort to terrorize and silence the American peo-
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  24 ple. In addition to conducting the unjustified killings of
  25 civilians, including Renée Good, Alex Pretti, Lorenzo
  26 Salgado Araujo, and Johan Sebastián Durán Guerrero,
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  1 ICE and CBP, as part of their normal course of activity,
  2 have violently assaulted individuals, used unnecessary
  3 force, smashed car windows, and abducted and dis-
  4 appeared individuals.
  5  (4) UNDERMINING JUDICIAL OVERSIGHT BY FLOUTING
  6  THE SEPARATION OF POWERS
  7  President Trump, directly and through officials with-
  8 in his administration, has abused his power by shielding
  9 ICE and CBP officers from judicial oversight. These agen-
  10 cies have detained and removed individuals despite court
  11 orders blocking their removal from the country. Specifi-
  12 cally, though not exhaustively, ICE deported Kilmar
  13 Abrego Garcia to El Salvador against a court order due
  14 to an administrative error, and then President Trump and
  15 his administration refused to facilitate his return for sev-
  16 eral months in defiance of a U.S. Supreme Court order.
  17 ICE also deported about 250 Venezuelan men to El Sal-
  18 vador without due process, directly disobeying an emer-
  19 gency order from a Federal judge. In a conversation with
  20 El Salvador’s president, President Trump suggested de-
  21 taining and sending U.S. citizens to foreign prisons: ‘‘The
  22 homegrowns are next, the homegrowns.’’.
  23  With the support and backing of President Trump
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  24 and senior officials in his administration, officers and
  25 other agency employees have refused to cooperate with and
  26 have actively undermined State and local investigations
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  18
  1 into misconduct by ICE officers. Federal officials have un-
  2 dertaken baseless public investigations into the victims
  3 and the victims’ families; they have made official (but
  4 false) assurances that ICE officers are immune from pros-
  5 ecution; and pursuant to President Trump’s authority,
  6 both the FBI and the DOJ have not prosecuted crimes
  7 committed by ICE and CBP officers. Furthermore, ICE
  8 has blatantly disregarded court orders to release or refrain
  9 from moving detainees, again with President Trump’s
  10 knowledge and pursuant to his orders and authority.
  11  The Trump administration acknowledged violating
  12 New Jersey Federal judges’ orders more than 50 times
  13 over the course of 10 weeks in deportation-related cases.
  14 Minnesota’s chief Federal judge, Patrick J. Schiltz, de-
  15 tailed in a ruling that ICE violated nearly 100 court or-
  16 ders and had disobeyed more judicial directives in January
  17 2026 alone than ‘‘some federal agencies have violated in
  18 their entire existence.’’ A Reuters review of court records
  19 found that hundreds of judges have ruled that the Trump
  20 administration has unlawfully detained immigrants more
  21 than 4,400 times since October 2025, and Politico com-
  22 piled a database of at least 15,000 rulings against the ad-
  23 ministration since July 2025; yet, the administration con-
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  24 tinues to jail people indefinitely.
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  1  In all of this, President Donald John Trump has vio-
  2 lated the article II, section 1, clause 8-mandated Presi-
  3 dential oath of office to faithfully execute the office of
  4 President of the United States, and to the best of his abil-
  5 ity, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the
  6 United States; has abused the powers of the Presidency
  7 by committing high crimes and misdemeanors, in a man-
  8 ner contrary to his trust as President; has detrimentally
  9 flouted the United States Constitution by operating vi-
  10 cious, quota-driven, unaccountable paramilitary forces kill-
  11 ing people (including Renée Good, Alex Pretti, Lorenzo
  12 Salgado Araujo, and Johan Sebastián Durán Guerrero);
  13 and is now even closer to brazenly and wantonly devolving
  14 the United States democratic republic into an authori-
  15 tarian regime, where, if left in office, unjustified killings
  16 of people and coverups by ICE and CBP are normalized
  17 to the great prejudice of the cause of law and justice, and
  18 to the manifest injury of the people of the United States.
  19  Wherefore, Donald John Trump, by such conduct,
  20 warrants impeachment and trial, and removal from office.
  Æ
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