H.R. 5902

119 HR 5902 IH: Innovative Practices for Soil Health Act of 2025
 U.S. House of Representatives
 2025-11-04
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 I  119th CONGRESS  1st Session  H. R. 5902  IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES   November 4, 2025   Mr. Beyer  (for himself,  Mr. Lawler , and  Ms. Pingree ) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the  Committee on Agriculture    A BILL
To promote innovative practices for soil health through USDA conservation programs, and for other purposes.
1.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the   Innovative Practices for Soil Health Act of 2025  .
2.
Environmental quality incentives program
(a)
Definitions
Section 1240A of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839aa–1 ) is amended—
(1)
in paragraph (6)(B)—
(A)
in clause (v), by striking  and  at the end;
(B)
by redesignating clause (vi) as clause (vii); and
(C)
by inserting after clause (v) the following:
(vi)
greenhouse gas emissions reduction planning; and
 ;
(2)
in paragraph (7), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking  natural resource concern or problem  and inserting  resource concern ;
(3)
by redesignating paragraphs (9) and (10) as paragraphs (10) and (11), respectively; and
(4)
by inserting after paragraph (8) the following:
(9)
Resource concern
The term  resource concern  means a natural resource condition of the soil, water, air, plant, animal, or energy resource base that impairs the sustainability or intended uses of the resource.
 .
(b)
On-Farm conservation innovation trials
Section 1240H(c)(1)(B)(i) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839aa–8(c)(1)(B)(i) ) is amended—
(1)
in subclause (II), by inserting  on-farm nutrient recycling,  after  plans, ;
(2)
in subclause (VI), by striking  and  at the end; and
(3)
by adding at the end the following:
(VIII)
perennial production systems, including agroforestry and perennial forages and grain crops; and
  .
3.
Conservation stewardship program
(a)
Definitions
Section 1240I of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839aa–21 ) is amended—
(1)
in paragraph (2)—
(A)
in subparagraph (A), by inserting  enhancements,  after  practices, ; and
(B)
in subparagraph (B)(v), by inserting  and climate change  before the period at the end;
(2)
in paragraph (3)(C), by inserting  maintained, actively  after  implemented, ;
(3)
in paragraph (5), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking  natural resource concern or problem  and inserting  resource concern ;
(4)
by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph (8); and
(5)
by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:
(7)
Resource concern
The term  resource concern  means a natural resource condition of the soil, water, air, plant, animal, or energy resource base that impairs the sustainability or intended uses of the resource.
 .
(b)
Conservation Stewardship Program
Section 1240J(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839aa–22(a) ) is amended by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the following:
(1)
by maintaining, actively managing, and, where practicable, improving existing conservation activities; and
(2)
by undertaking additional conservation activities.
 .
(c)
Stewardship contracts
(1)
Submission of contract offers
Section 1240K(a)(2)(B) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839aa–23(a)(2)(B) ) is amended by striking  improving, maintaining, and managing  and inserting  maintaining, actively managing, and, where practicable, improving .
(2)
Evaluation of contract offers
Section 1240K(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839aa–23(b) ) is amended—
(A)
in paragraph (1)(A), by striking clause (iii) and inserting the following:
(iii)
other criteria consistent with an equal weighting of the factors described in clauses (i) and (ii), as determined by the Secretary, including criteria the Secretary determines are necessary to ensure that—
(I)
the program effectively targets improvements to soil health, increases in carbon sequestration, and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions; and
(II)
other national, State, and local priority resource concerns are effectively addressed.
 ; and
(B)
by striking paragraph (3).
(3)
Contract renewal
Section 1240K(e) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839aa–23(e) ) is amended to read as follows:
(e)
Contract Renewal
(1)
In general
The Secretary may provide the producer an opportunity to renew an existing contract in the first half of the fifth year of the contract period if the producer—
(A)
demonstrates compliance with the terms of the existing contract;
(B)
agrees to adopt and continue to integrate new or improved conservation activities across the entire agricultural operation, demonstrating continued improvement during the additional 5-year period, as determined by the Secretary; and
(C)
agrees, by the end of the contract period, to meet the stewardship threshold of at least 2 additional priority resource concerns on the agricultural operation, if applicable.
(2)
Ranking and payments
In determining whether to accept an application for contract renewal under this subsection, and when calculating payments for those renewed contracts, the Secretary shall consider the full conservation benefits across the entire applicable agricultural operation, including—
(A)
the number of priority resource concerns with respect to which the producer is expected to meet or exceed the stewardship threshold by the end of the contract period; and
(B)
the active management and maintenance of ongoing conservation activities, including—
(i)
the conservation activities adopted during a prior contract period; and
(ii)
the new or improved conservation activities to be adopted if a contract is renewed.
 .
(d)
Duties of the Secretary
(1)
Conservation stewardship payments
Section 1240L(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(c) ) is amended—
(A)
in paragraph (1)—
(i)
in subparagraph (A), by inserting  on 1 or more types of eligible land covered by the contract  after  activities ; and
(ii)
in subparagraph (B), by striking  improving, maintaining, and managing  and inserting  maintaining, actively managing, and improving ; and
(B)
in paragraph (2)—
(i)
by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:
(B)
Income forgone by the producer, including amounts that reflect—
(i)
increased economic risk; and
(ii)
loss in revenue due to—
(I)
production changes;
(II)
anticipated reductions in yield;
(III)
transitioning to an organic, resource-conserving cropping or grazing, or perennial production system; or
(IV)
acreage converted to conservation uses.
 ; and
(ii)
in subparagraph (E), by inserting  , actively managed, and, where applicable, improved  after  maintained .
(2)
Supplemental payments
Section 1240L(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(d) ) is amended—
(A)
in the subsection heading, by inserting
, perennial production systems,   after
rotations  ;
(B)
in paragraph (1)—
(i)
by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (D); and
(ii)
by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following:
(C)
Perennial production system
The term  perennial production system  means—
(i)
the use of cropland for agroforestry, including alley cropping, silvopasture, and related production practices, as determined by the Secretary;
(ii)
the use of woodland for agroforestry, including forest farming, multistory cropping, and related production practices, as determined by the Secretary; and
(iii)
the use of cropland for perennial forages or perennial grain crops.
 ;
(C)
in paragraph (2)—
(i)
in subparagraph (A), by striking  or  at the end;
(ii)
in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting  ; or ; and
(iii)
by adding at the end the following:
(C)
a perennial production system.
 ; and
(D)
in paragraph (3), by striking  or advanced grazing management  and inserting  , advanced grazing management, or a perennial production system .
(3)
Soil health
Section 1240L(k) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(k) ) is amended by striking the period at the end and inserting the following:
, including by—
(1)
conducting outreach to encourage the use of contracts to improve soil health and sequester carbon in the soil; and
(2)
offering payments for soil testing to provide producers and the Secretary with information on the soil health and carbon sequestration impacts of conservation activities.
 .
4.
Funding and administration
Section 1242 of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3842 ) is amended—
(1)
in subsection (a)(2)—
(A)
by inserting  an individual,  before  a commercial entity ;
(B)
by striking  State or local  and inserting  State, local, or Tribal ; and
(C)
by striking  nutrient management planning,  and inserting  soil health planning, greenhouse gas emissions reduction planning, nutrient management planning, integrated pest management planning, agroforestry planning, organic transition planning, ;
(2)
in subsection (e)—
(A)
in paragraph (3)(A)—
(i)
by inserting  individuals,  before  commercial entities, ; and
(ii)
by striking  State or local  and inserting  State, local, or Tribal ; and
(B)
in paragraph (5), by inserting  or organic  after  sustainability ; and
(3)
in subsection (i)—
(A)
in the subsection heading, by inserting
perennial agriculture system,   after
organic,  ; and
(B)
in paragraph (2), by inserting  a perennial agriculture system,  after  production,  each place it appears.
5.
National and regional agroforestry centers
Section 1243 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 ( 16 U.S.C. 1642  note;  Public Law 101–624 ) is amended—
(1)
by striking the section heading and inserting
National and regional agroforestry centers  ;
(2)
by redesignating subsections (b), (c), and (d) as subsections (c), (d), and (e), respectively;
(3)
by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
(a)
Definition of agroforestry
In this section, the term  agroforestry  means a management system that intentionally integrates trees and shrubs into crop and animal farming systems to build more profitable and weather-resilient farms, ranches, and communities, address natural resource concerns and conservation needs, and establish productive and sustainable land use practices, including—
(1)
riparian forest buffers;
(2)
alley cropping;
(3)
silvopasture;
(4)
forest farming and multistory cropping; and
(5)
windbreaks, shelterbelts, hedgerows, field borders, and living snow fences.
(b)
National and Regional Agroforestry Centers
(1)
In general
The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the  Secretary )—
(A)
shall establish at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory of the Forest Service, in Lincoln, Nebraska, a National Agroforestry Research, Development, and Demonstration Center; and
(B)
acting through the Chief of the Forest Service and in cooperation with the Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall establish not fewer than 3 additional regional agroforestry centers at other locations, as determined by the Secretary.
(2)
National and Regional Directors
The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, in coordination with the Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall appoint a National Director and Regional Directors to manage and coordinate the program established under subsection (c).
 ;
(4)
in subsection (c) (as so redesignated)—
(A)
in the matter preceding paragraph (1)—
(i)
by striking  Center  and inserting  Centers established under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (b)(1) (referred to in this section as the  Centers ) ; and
(ii)
by inserting  and organizations  after  nonprofit foundations ;
(B)
in paragraph (1)—
(i)
by striking  on semiarid lands that  and inserting  that build soil health and ; and
(ii)
by inserting  , including agroforestry systems on semiarid land and other fragile agroecosystems where woody perennial plant communities can enhance carbon sequestration and reduce greenhouse gas emissions  before the semicolon;
(C)
in paragraph (3), by striking  forestry products for commercial sale from semiarid land  and inserting  agroforestry products for commercial sale ;
(D)
in paragraph (4)—
(i)
by striking  in semiarid regions ; and
(ii)
by striking  the Great Plains region  and inserting  particular regions ;
(E)
in paragraph (5), by inserting  technical assistance and  before  technology ;
(F)
by striking paragraph (6) and inserting the following:
(6)
develop improved silvopasture, alley cropping, forest farming, multistory cropping, riparian buffer, windbreak and shelterbelt, and other perennial production and conservation systems and technologies to improve soil health, carbon sequestration, drought preparedness, soil and water conservation, environmental quality, and biological diversity;
 ;
(G)
in paragraph (7), by striking  on semiarid lands ;
(H)
in paragraph (8), by striking  on semiarid lands worldwide  and inserting  worldwide, including on semiarid land ; and
(I)
in paragraph (9)—
(i)
by striking  on semiarid lands ; and
(ii)
by inserting  and climate change  after  pollution ;
(5)
in subsection (d) (as so redesignated)—
(A)
in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking  Center  and inserting  Centers ;
(B)
in paragraph (1), by striking  and  at the end;
(C)
in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and inserting  ; and ; and
(D)
by adding at the end the following:
(3)
facilitate agroforestry adoption by disseminating comprehensive information on Federal, State, local, and Tribal programs that provide support for agroforestry.
 ; and
(6)
by amending subsection (e) (as so redesignated) to read as follows:
(e)
Grants
The Secretary may establish regional grant programs at each of the Centers to support agroforestry projects, including demonstration farms.
 .