S. 2883

119 S2883 IS: QUAHOGS Act of 2025
 U.S. Senate
 2025-09-18
 text/xml
 EN
 Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
 II  119th CONGRESS  1st Session  S. 2883  IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES   September 18 (legislative day, September 16), 2025   Mr. Whitehouse  (for himself and  Mr. Scott of South Carolina ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the  Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation    A BILL
To establish an East Coast Bivalve Research Task Force.
1.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the   Quantifying Uncertainty and Action to Help Optimize Growth of Shellfish Act of 2025   or the  QUAHOGS Act of 2025 .
2.
Purposes
The purposes of this Act are—
(1)
to ensure that bivalve trends in East Coast States regarding productivity and abundance are characterized and that research needs are identified;
(2)
to prioritize scientific research needs for commercially harvested and aquacultured East Coast bivalves;
(3)
to address the increased variability or decline in harvests of key bivalve species in East Coast States, including quahogs (hard clams), by creating a coordinated bivalve research strategy; and
(4)
to support collaboration and coordination for bivalve conservation efforts in East Coast States.
3.
Definitions
In this Act:
(1)
Bivalve
The term  bivalve  means aquatic mollusks that have an external 2-part hinged shell containing a soft-bodied invertebrate, including clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops.
(2)
Indian Tribe
The term  Indian Tribe  has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act ( 25 U.S.C. 5304 ).
(3)
Quahog (hard clam)
The term  quahog (hard clam)  means the Northern quahog or hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, as well as the Southern quahog or Southern hard clam, Mercenaria campechiensis.
4.
East Coast bivalve research task force
(a)
In general
Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Chairs of the New England, Mid-Atlantic, and South Atlantic Fishery Management Councils and the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, shall convene an East Coast Bivalve Research Task Force (referred to in this section as the  Research Task Force ) to—
(1)
review existing bivalve research in East Coast States;
(2)
identify applied research needed to better understand the increased variability and declining harvests of quahogs (hard clams) and other bivalves in some parts of the East Coast;
(3)
support sustainable bivalve fisheries in East Coast States;
(4)
support sustainable bivalve aquaculture operations; and
(5)
evaluate economic impacts of bivalve wild populations, fisheries, and aquaculture.
(b)
Composition and appointment
(1)
In general
The Research Task Force shall be composed of not fewer than 16 and not more than 21 members, who shall be appointed under paragraph (2).
(2)
Appointment by Secretary
The Secretary of Commerce shall appoint members to the Research Task Force as follows:
(A)
One representative from each of the following:
(i)
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration who is knowledgeable about bivalve research efforts in East Coast States.
(ii)
The Environmental Protection Agency who is knowledgeable about United States water quality assessments and standards for bivalve and human health.
(iii)
The United States Department of Agriculture who is experienced in aquaculture research or management.
(iv)
The New England Fishery Management Council.
(v)
The Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council.
(vi)
The South Atlantic Fishery Management Council.
(vii)
The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission.
(B)
One representative from a State fish and wildlife management agency from each of—
(i)
the region defined by the New England Fishery Management Council;
(ii)
the region defined by the Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council; and
(iii)
the region defined by the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council.
(C)
Not less than 1 and not more than 3 representatives of Indian Tribes with current or historic, or both, knowledge of and reliance on East Coast bivalves to be appointed with due regard to differences in regional perspectives and experience.
(D)
Not less than 3 and not more than 6 representatives from the bivalve fishing industry throughout the supply chain to be appointed with due regard to differences in regional perspectives and experience, including from—
(i)
directed commercial harvesting;
(ii)
recreational harvesting;
(iii)
fisheries of an Indian Tribe;
(iv)
bivalve processors or distributors; or
(v)
bivalve aquaculture, including hatcheries.
(E)
5 representatives who are academic experts in bivalve biology and ecology, bivalve habitat restoration and conservation, bivalve aquaculture, comprehensive marine research planning in East Coast States, or the economics or social dynamics of bivalve fisheries and aquaculture, including at least 1 representative with expertise in quahogs (hard clams).
(3)
Chair
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration representative described in paragraph (2)(A)(i) shall be the Chair of the Research Task Force.
(c)
Duties
(1)
Review
The Research Task Force shall—
(A)
conduct a review of bivalve science relevant to understanding current and potential future harvests of quahogs (hard clams) and other culturally or economically important bivalve species in East Coast States, as well as solutions to identified problems, including an examination of—
(i)
traditional ecological knowledge of bivalve populations and their ecosystems, including potential for incorporation into management plans;
(ii)
habitat requirements for bivalve populations, including water quality and potential for water quality improvement or alteration through habitat restoration or other means, as well as potential future habitat change;
(iii)
impacts of erosion and sedimentation on bivalve populations and farms, including potential mitigation techniques;
(iv)
current and future impacts of climate change on bivalves, including ocean warming, ocean acidification, and sea level rise;
(v)
conditions and techniques for successful restoration, including feasibility of multitrophic restoration, such as bivalves and seagrass meadows;
(vi)
mitigation strategies for climate change impacts, including assisted migration;
(vii)
culture and breeding techniques, including genomic modifications to meet different commercial, recreational, and restoration needs;
(viii)
life cycle, including larval dispersal, recruitment dynamics, life-stage specific mortality, and growth rate;
(ix)
current and historic ranges, as well as potential future range shifts due to climate change;
(x)
prevalence of diseases and disease mitigating strategies;
(xi)
management strategies for sustainable bivalve aquaculture and potential impacts; and
(xii)
economic value and potential of bivalve aquaculture, including financial and regulatory barriers to entry for small-scale operations;
(B)
identify—
(i)
scientific research gaps in understanding the ecology of culturally and economically important bivalve species in East Coast States; and
(ii)
the needs for developing solutions to declining harvests and other identified problems, including with respect to quahogs (hard clams);
(C)
consider both current and future impacts on the health and populations of bivalves in East Coast States; and
(D)
identify solutions to current and predicted impacts on the health and populations of bivalves in East Coast States.
(2)
Reports
(A)
In general
Not later than 2 years after the date the Research Task Force is established, the Chair of the Research Task Force shall submit to the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate, the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, the Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, the Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and make publicly available, a report—
(i)
describing the review conducted under paragraph (1); and
(ii)
that includes—
(I)
recommendations on filling knowledge gaps that warrant further scientific inquiry; and
(II)
findings from the reports of work groups submitted under subsection (d)(2)(C).
(B)
Interim progress report
Not later than 1 year after the date the Research Task Force is established, the Chair of the Research Task Force shall submit to the individuals and entities described in subparagraph (A) and make publicly available an interim progress report describing the review conducted under paragraph (1).
(d)
Administrative matters
(1)
Vice Chairperson
The Research Task Force shall select a Vice Chair by vote from among the members of the Research Task Force.
(2)
Work groups
(A)
In general
The Research Task Force—
(i)
not later than 30 days after the date of the establishment of the Research Task Force, shall establish a work group focused specifically on the research needs associated with quahog (hard clams) populations in Rhode Island and across the East Coast;
(ii)
not later than 30 days after the date of the establishment of the Research Task Force, shall establish a work group focused on the current and potential future impacts of climate change on bivalve populations in East Coast States; and
(iii)
may establish additional regionally or stock focused work groups within the Research Task Force, as members determine appropriate.
(B)
Composition
Each work group established under this subsection shall—
(i)
consist of not less than 5 individuals who—
(I)
are knowledgeable about the species, issue, or region under consideration; and
(II)
shall include at least 1 member of the Research Task Force, though the others need not be; and
(ii)
be balanced in terms of stakeholder representation, including commercial and aquaculture fisheries, as well as experts in statistical, biological, economic, social, or other scientific information as relevant to the work group’s focus.
(C)
Reports
Not later than 2 years after the date the Research Task Force is established, each work group established under this subsection shall submit a report with the work group's findings to the Research Task Force.
(3)
Compensation
Each member of the Research Task Force and each member of a work group shall serve without compensation.
(4)
Expenses
A member of the Research Task Force and a member of a work group shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for an employee of an agency under subchapter I of  chapter 57  of title 5, United States Code, while away from the home or regular place of business of the member in the performance of the duties of the Research Task Force.
(5)
Administrative support
The Secretary of Commerce shall provide such administrative support as is necessary for the Research Task Force and its work groups to carry out their duties, which may include support for virtual or in-person participation.
(e)
Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary.