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S. 1945
U.S. Senate•In Senate Committee
Summary
S. 1945, the Energy Choice Act, was introduced in the Senate on Jun 4, 2025 by Sen. James Justice (R) with 6 co-sponsors. It was referred to Energy And Natural Resources, and last saw action on Jun 4, 2025: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
Record
Text
S. 1945 has 6 co-sponsors.
sb1945/introduced-in-senate.txt119 S1945 IS: Energy Choice ActU.S. Senate2025-06-04text/xmlENPursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.II119th CONGRESS1st SessionS. 1945IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATESJune 4, 2025Mr. Justice (for himself, Mr. Tuberville , and Mrs.Capito ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice andreferred to the Committee on Energy andNatural ResourcesA BILLTo prohibit States and local governments from prohibiting or limiting theconnection, reconnection, modification, installation, transportation, distribution, orexpansion of an energy service based on the type or source of energy to be delivered,and for other purposes.1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Energy Choice Act .2.Definition of energyIn this Act, the term energy includes—(1)natural gas;(2)renewable natural gas;(3)hydrogen;(4)liquified petroleum gas;(5)renewable liquified petroleum gas;(6)other liquid petroleum products;(7)biomass-based diesel fuels and renewable fuels; and(8)electricity.3.Limitation on regulation of energy choiceA State or local government, including any instrumentality or regulatory agency of a State or local government, may not adopt, implement, or enforce a law, regulation, ordinance, building code, standard, or policy that prohibits or limits, or has the effect of directly or indirectly prohibiting or limiting, the connection, reconnection, modification, installation, transportation, distribution, or expansion of, or access to, an energy service based on the type or source of energy sold in interstate commerce to be delivered to an end-user of that energy service.
Tracker
The tracker indicates the progress of this legislation as it moves through the legislative process.
- Introduced2025-06-04
- Passed Senate
- Passed House
- Conference
- To President
- Became Law
A bill to prohibit States and local governments from prohibiting or limiting the connection, reconnection, modification, installation, transportation, distribution, or expansion of an energy service based on the type or source of energy to be delivered, and for other purposes.
Sponsors
Sen. James Justice (R) sponsors S. 1945, and 6 members have co-sponsored it, 2 of them from the day it was introduced.

Sen. · R–WV · Sponsor
Introduced Jun 4, 2025

Sen. · R–WV · Co-sponsor
Joined Jun 4, 2025 · Original

Sen. · R–AL · Co-sponsor
Joined Jun 4, 2025 · Original

Sen. · R–FL · Co-sponsor
Joined Jun 11, 2025

Sen. · R–KS · Co-sponsor
Joined Jun 24, 2025

Sen. · R–ID · Co-sponsor
Joined Jul 14, 2025

Sen. · R–PA · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 6, 2026
Committees
S. 1945 went before 1 committee: Energy and Natural Resources.
Actions
S. 1945 has taken 2 actions since Jun 4, 2025.
| Chamber | Action | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun 4, 2025 | Senate | Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.Energy and Natural Resources Committee | ||
Jun 4, 2025 | — | Introduced in Senate |
Votes
S. 1945 has not gone to a roll call.
Titles
S. 1945 goes by 3 titles, 1 of them short titles.
- Energy Choice Act — Display Title
- Energy Choice Act — Short Title(s) as Introduced
- A bill to prohibit States and local governments from prohibiting or limiting the connection, reconnection, modification, installation, transportation, distribution, or expansion of an energy service based on the type or source of energy to be delivered, and for other purposes. — Official Title as Introduced
Lobbying
15 clients hired 16 firms and 56 registered lobbyists who named S. 1945 in 48 quarterly filings, 2025 to 2026. Reported under the Lobbying Disclosure Act; a filing’s income covers everything its registrant worked that quarter, so the amounts below are the filings’, not this bill’s.
Filed under Energy/Nuclear, Taxation/Internal Revenue Code, Budget/Appropriations, Transportation, Homeland Security, Environment/Superfund, Trade (domestic/foreign), Consumer Issues/Safety/Products.
Clients
Who paid to be heard, by how many filings named the bill.
| Client | Business | State | Firms | Filings | Reported |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION | Trade Association | District of Columbia | 2 | 9 | $90K |
| NATIONAL ENERGY & FUELS INSTITUTE | NEFI advocates on behalf of wholesale and retail heating fuel marketers. | District of Columbia | 1 | 6 | — |
| TECO HOLDINGS INC., FORMERLY KNOWN AS ENERGY, INC. | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 5 | — |
| XCEL ENERGY INC | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 5 | — |
| AIR CONDITIONING CONTRACTORS OF AMERICA | — | Virginia | 1 | 4 | — |
| HEARTH, PATIO & BARBECUE ASSOCIATION | — | Virginia | 1 | 4 | — |
| NFIB (NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS) | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 4 | — |
| AMERICAN PUBLIC GAS ASSOCIATION | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 2 | — |
| CENTERPOINT ENERGY | — | Indiana | 1 | 2 | — |
| NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 2 | — |
| ADOBE INC | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 1 | — |
| BAKER COMMODITIES | Rendering | California | 1 | 1 | — |
| GPA MIDSTREAM ASSOCIATION | — | Oklahoma | 1 | 1 | — |
| PUGET SOUND ENERGY | — | Washington | 1 | 1 | — |
| RHEEM MANUFACTURING COMPANY | — | Georgia | 1 | 1 | — |
Firms
Registrants who filed on the bill, by filings.
Lobbyists
Named on the filings that cite the bill. The 20 named most often, of 56.
| Lobbyist | Firms | Clients | Filings |
|---|---|---|---|
| BRIAN CAUDILL | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| GEORGE LOWE | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| JAMES COLLURA | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| KATHERINE SINGLETON | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| LIAM DOTSON | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| MARTIN DOERN | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| MARY ZIMPRICH | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| MICHAEL SEWELL | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| STEPHEN PLEVNIAK | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| ADAM TEMPLE | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| ALLISON EALEY | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| BRAD CLOSE | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| CHRISTOPHER CONNER | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| CHRISTOPHER CZARNECKI | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| DYLAN ROSNICK | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| JASON TOLLESON | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| JOSHUA MCLEOD | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| KATHERINE BROWNLEE | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| LOUIS BERTOLOTTI | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| TIMOTHY NUNGESSER | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Filings
The documents themselves, on the Senate’s Lobbying Disclosure site, largest reported first.
| Client | Registrant | Period | Reported | Document |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NFIB (NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS) | NFIB (NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS) | 2025 third_quarter | $2.3M | 3rd Quarter - Report |
| NFIB (NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS) | NFIB (NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS) | 2026 second_quarter | $1.7M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| NFIB (NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS) | NFIB (NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS) | 2026 first_quarter | $1.3M | 1st Quarter - Report |
| NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS | NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS | 2026 second_quarter | $1.2M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| NFIB (NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS) | NFIB (NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS) | 2025 fourth_quarter | $1.2M | 4th Quarter - Report |
| NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS | NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS | 2026 first_quarter | $1.2M | 1st Quarter - Report |
| XCEL ENERGY INC | XCEL ENERGY, INC | 2026 first_quarter | $960K | 1st Quarter - Report |
| XCEL ENERGY INC | XCEL ENERGY, INC | 2025 second_quarter | $560K | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| ADOBE INC | ADOBE INC | 2025 first_quarter | $490K | 1st Quarter - Report |
| XCEL ENERGY INC | XCEL ENERGY, INC | 2025 third_quarter | $400K | 3rd Quarter - Report |
| XCEL ENERGY INC | XCEL ENERGY, INC | 2025 fourth_quarter | $380K | 4th Quarter - Report |
| XCEL ENERGY INC | XCEL ENERGY, INC | 2026 second_quarter | $370K | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION | AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION | 2026 second_quarter | $350K | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION | AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION | 2025 third_quarter | $350K | 3rd Quarter - Amendme… |
| AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION | AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION | 2025 third_quarter | $350K | 3rd Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION | AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION | 2025 second_quarter | $350K | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION | AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION | 2026 first_quarter | $340K | 1st Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION | AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION | 2025 fourth_quarter | $280K | 4th Quarter - Report |
| PUGET SOUND ENERGY | PUGET SOUND ENERGY | 2026 first_quarter | $240K | 1st Quarter - Report |
| TECO HOLDINGS INC., FORMERLY KNOWN AS ENERGY, INC. | TECO HOLDINGS INC., FORMERLY KNOWN AS TECO ENERGY, INC. | 2025 fourth_quarter | $175.5K | 4th Quarter - Report |
Classification
The Congressional Research Service files S. 1945 under Energy, one of its 31 policy areas, and gives it 4 legislative subjects.
CRS Subjects
CRS assigns every bill one policy area from its 31; S. 1945’s is Energy.
s1945/policy-areas.txtLegislative Subjects
S. 1945 carries 4 of CRS’s legislative subjects, from Alternative and renewable resources to State and local government operations.
s1945/subjects.txtSource: congress.gov · legiscan.com