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H.R. 3394
U.S. House•In Senate Committee
Summary
H.R. 3394, the Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act, was introduced in the House on May 14, 2025 by Rep. French Hill (R) with 3 co-sponsors. It was referred to Banking, Housing, And Urban Affairs, and last saw action on Jun 24, 2025: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.
Record
Text
H.R. 3394 has 3 co-sponsors and 1 roll call.
hb3394/engrossed-in-house.txt119 HR 3394 EH: Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts ActU.S. House of Representativestext/xmlENPursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.IB119th CONGRESS 1st SessionH. R. 3394IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESAN ACTTo amend the Securities Act of 1933 to codify certain qualifications of individuals as accredited investors for purposes of the securities laws.1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act .2.Definition of accredited investor(a)In generalSection 2(a)(15) of the Securities Act of 1933 ( 15 U.S.C. 77b(a)(15) ) is amended—(1)by redesignating subparagraphs (i) and (ii) as subparagraphs (A) and (F), respectively; and(2)in subparagraph (A) (as so redesignated), by striking ; or and inserting a semicolon, and inserting after such subparagraph the following:(B)with respect to a proposed sale of a security, any natural person whose individual net worth, or joint net worth with that person’s spouse or spousal equivalent, at the time of such sale, exceeds $1,000,000 (which amount, along with the amounts set forth in subparagraph (C), shall be adjusted for inflation by the Commission every 5 years to the nearest $10,000 to reflect the change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) where, for purposes of calculating net worth under this subparagraph—(i)the person’s primary residence shall not be included as an asset;(ii)indebtedness that is secured by the person’s primary residence, up to the estimated fair market value of the primary residence at the time of such sale, shall not be included as a liability (except that if the amount of such indebtedness outstanding at the time of such sale exceeds the amount outstanding 60 days before such time, other than as a result of the acquisition of the primary residence, the amount of such excess shall be included as a liability); and(iii)indebtedness that is secured by the person’s primary residence in excess of the estimated fair market value of the primary residence at the time of such sale shall be included as a liability;(C)any natural person who had an individual income in excess of $200,000 in each of the 2 most recent years or joint income with that person’s spouse or spousal equivalent in excess of $300,000 in each of those years and has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the current year;(D)any natural person who is—(i)currently licensed or registered as a broker or investment adviser by the Commission, a self-regulatory organization (as defined in section 3(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), or the securities division of a State, the District of Columbia, or a territory of the United States or the equivalent division responsible for licensing or registration of individuals in connection with securities activities; and(ii)in good standing with respect to such licence or registration;(E)any natural person the Commission determines, by regulation, to have demonstrable education or job experience to qualify such person as having professional knowledge of a subject related to a particular investment, and whose education or job experience is verified by a self-regulatory organization (as defined in section 3(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934); or.(b)RulemakingNot later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Securities and Exchange Commission shall revise the definition of accredited investor under Regulation D (17 CFR 230.500 et seq.) to conform with the amendments made by subsection (a).Passed the House of Representatives June 23, 2025. Kevin F. McCumber, Clerk.
Tracker
The tracker indicates the progress of this legislation as it moves through the legislative process.
- Introduced2025-05-14
- Passed House2025-06-23
- Passed Senate
- Conference
- To President
- Became Law
CRS Summary
The summaries are the Congressional Research Service’s, one per stage. Read them in full.
Introduced in House May 14, 2025
hb3394/introduced-in-house.mdShown Here:
Introduced in House (05/14/2025)
Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act
This bill expands the eligibility criteria for an accredited investor for purposes of participating in private offerings of securities to include an individual determined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to have qualifying professional knowledge through educational or professional experience. (Certain unregistered securities may only be offered to accredited investors.)
The bill also provides statutory authority for certain existing criteria for an accredited investor, including licensure or registration in good standing as a broker or investment adviser, specified annual salary, and specified net worth.
Further, the SEC is directed to revise the definition of accredited investor in Regulation D (which exempts certain offerings from SEC registration requirements) to conform to changes in this bill.
Sponsors
Rep. French Hill (R) sponsors H.R. 3394, and 3 members have co-sponsored it, 1 of them from the day it was introduced.
Committees
H.R. 3394 went before 2 committees: Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and Financial Services.

Reports
1 committee report has been filed on H.R. 3394, the latest H. Rept. 119-115.
- H. Rept. 119-115 — FAIR INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROFESSIONAL EXPERTS ACT
Actions
H.R. 3394 has taken 15 actions since May 14, 2025, the latest on Jun 24, 2025.
| Chamber | Action | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun 24, 2025 | Senate | Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee | ||
Jun 23, 202516:42 | House | Mrs. Wagner moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended. | ||
Jun 23, 202516:42 | House | Considered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H2869-2871) | ||
Jun 23, 202516:42 | House | DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 3394. | ||
Jun 23, 202516:55 | House | At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed. |
Votes
H.R. 3394 went to 1 roll call in the House, the latest on Jun 23, 2025 at 397–12.
| Chamber | Question | Yea | Nay | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun 23, 2025 | House | On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended | 397 | 12 |
Titles
H.R. 3394 goes by 7 titles, 4 of them short titles.
- To amend the Securities Act of 1933 to codify certain qualifications of individuals as accredited investors for purposes of the securities laws. — Official Titles from EH (Engrossed in House) bill text
- Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act — Short Titles from RFS (Referred to Senate) bill text
- Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act — Short Title(s) as Passed House
- Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act — Short Title(s) as Reported to House
- Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act — Display Title
- Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act — Short Title(s) as Introduced
- To amend the Securities Act of 1933 to codify certain qualifications of individuals as accredited investors for purposes of the securities laws. — Official Title as Introduced
Lobbying
12 clients hired 12 firms and 158 registered lobbyists who named H.R. 3394 in 40 quarterly filings, 2025 to 2026. Reported under the Lobbying Disclosure Act; a filing’s income covers everything its registrant worked that quarter, so the amounts below are the filings’, not this bill’s.
Filed under Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities, Taxation/Internal Revenue Code, Retirement, Small Business, Banking, Trade (domestic/foreign), Budget/Appropriations, Copyright/Patent/Trademark.
Clients
Who paid to be heard, by how many filings named the bill.
| Client | Business | State | Firms | Filings | Reported |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U.S.A. | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 6 | — |
| FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC. (FRANKLIN TEMPLETON) AND AFFILIATES | Investment Manager | California | 1 | 6 | — |
| ESHARES, INC. D/B/A CARTA, INC. | — | California | 1 | 5 | — |
| FUTURE STANDARD | — | Pennsylvania | 1 | 5 | — |
| SECURITIES INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 5 | — |
| FINANCIAL INDUSTRY REGULATORY AUTHORITY | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 3 | — |
| FRANKLIN TEMPLETON FUNDS | Asset Management/ETFs/Retirement | California | 1 | 2 | $100K |
| BIOTECHNOLOGY INNOVATION ORGANIZATION | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 2 | — |
| PACIFIC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY | — | California | 1 | 2 | — |
| SMALL BUSINESS & ENTREPRENEURSHIP COUNCIL (SBE COUNCIL) | — | Virginia | 1 | 2 | — |
| AMERICANS FOR FINANCIAL REFORM | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 1 | — |
| EARTHJUSTICE | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 1 | — |
Firms
Registrants who filed on the bill, by filings.
Lobbyists
Named on the filings that cite the bill. The 20 named most often, of 158.
| Lobbyist | Firms | Clients | Filings |
|---|---|---|---|
| ABELARDO TORRES | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| ALEXA BRANSON | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| ANDREA PORWOLL | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| ASHLEY GUM | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| BRADLEY WATTS | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| BRINCE MANNING | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| BROOKE MILLER | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| CASSIA CARVALHO | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| CHAD WHITEMAN | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| CHANTEL SHEAKS | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| CHRISTOPHER CRENSHAW | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| CHRISTOPHER EYLER | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| CHRISTOPHER GUITH | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| CHRISTOPHER ROBERTI | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| CLARK JACKSON | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| DAN BYERS | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| DEAN SACKETT | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| ERIN DELANEY | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| ESPERANZA JELALIAN | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| FOXHALL PARKER | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Filings
The documents themselves, on the Senate’s Lobbying Disclosure site, largest reported first.
| Client | Registrant | Period | Reported | Document |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U.S.A. | CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U.S.A. | 2026 first_quarter | $19.8M | 1st Quarter - Amendme… |
| CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U.S.A. | CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U.S.A. | 2026 first_quarter | $19.8M | 1st Quarter - Report |
| CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U.S.A. | CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U.S.A. | 2025 second_quarter | $19.3M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U.S.A. | CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U.S.A. | 2025 fourth_quarter | $18M | 4th Quarter - Report |
| CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U.S.A. | CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U.S.A. | 2026 second_quarter | $17M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U.S.A. | CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U.S.A. | 2025 third_quarter | $13.7M | 3rd Quarter - Report |
| SECURITIES INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION | SECURITIES INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION | 2025 fourth_quarter | $3.2M | 4th Quarter - Report |
| BIOTECHNOLOGY INNOVATION ORGANIZATION | BIOTECHNOLOGY INNOVATION ORGANIZATION | 2026 second_quarter | $2.4M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| SECURITIES INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION | SECURITIES INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION | 2025 second_quarter | $2.1M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| SECURITIES INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION | SECURITIES INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION | 2026 second_quarter | $1.9M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| SECURITIES INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION | SECURITIES INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION | 2025 third_quarter | $1.9M | 3rd Quarter - Report |
| SECURITIES INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION | SECURITIES INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION | 2026 first_quarter | $1.9M | 1st Quarter - Report |
| BIOTECHNOLOGY INNOVATION ORGANIZATION | BIOTECHNOLOGY INNOVATION ORGANIZATION | 2026 first_quarter | $1.6M | 1st Quarter - Report |
| PACIFIC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY | PACIFIC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY | 2025 third_quarter | $380K | 3rd Quarter - Report |
| FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC. (FRANKLIN TEMPLETON) AND AFFILIATES | FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC. (FRANKLIN TEMPLETON) AND AFFILIATES | 2025 fourth_quarter | $320K | 4th Quarter - Report |
| PACIFIC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY | PACIFIC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY | 2025 fourth_quarter | $290K | 4th Quarter - Report |
| FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC. (FRANKLIN TEMPLETON) AND AFFILIATES | FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC. (FRANKLIN TEMPLETON) AND AFFILIATES | 2025 third_quarter | $290K | 3rd Quarter - Report |
| FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC. (FRANKLIN TEMPLETON) AND AFFILIATES | FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC. (FRANKLIN TEMPLETON) AND AFFILIATES | 2026 second_quarter | $270K | 2nd Quarter - Amendme… |
| FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC. (FRANKLIN TEMPLETON) AND AFFILIATES | FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC. (FRANKLIN TEMPLETON) AND AFFILIATES | 2026 second_quarter | $270K | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC. (FRANKLIN TEMPLETON) AND AFFILIATES | FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC. (FRANKLIN TEMPLETON) AND AFFILIATES | 2025 second_quarter | $270K | 2nd Quarter - Report |
Classification
The Congressional Research Service files H.R. 3394 under Finance and Financial Sector, one of its 31 policy areas, and gives it 2 legislative subjects.
CRS Subjects
CRS assigns every bill one policy area from its 31; H.R. 3394’s is Finance and Financial Sector.
hr3394/policy-areas.txtLegislative Subjects
H.R. 3394 carries 2 of CRS’s legislative subjects, from Financial services and investments to Securities.
hr3394/subjects.txtConstitutional authority
The clause the sponsor cites as Congress’s power to enact H.R. 3394, as entered in the Congressional Record.
[Congressional Record Volume 171, Number 81 (Wednesday, May 14, 2025)][House]From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]By Mr. HILL of Arkansas:H.R. 3394.Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuantto the following:Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution.[Page H2052]
Source: congress.gov · legiscan.com