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S. 1147
U.S. Senate•In Senate Committee
Summary
S. 1147, the Defining Male and Female Act of 2025, was introduced in the Senate on Mar 26, 2025 by Sen. Roger Marshall (R) with 5 co-sponsors. It was referred to Judiciary, and last saw action on Mar 26, 2025: Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
Record
Text
S. 1147 has 5 co-sponsors.
sb1147/introduced-in-senate.txt119 S1147 IS: Defining Male and Female Act of 2025U.S. Senate2025-03-26text/xmlENPursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.II 119th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 1147 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 26, 2025 Mr. Marshall (for himself, Mr. Cassidy , Mr. Sheehy , Mrs. Hyde-Smith , and Mr. Ricketts ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary A BILLTo establish clear and consistent biological definitions of male and female.1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Defining Male and Female Act of 2025 .2.Definition of sex , male , female , and related termsChapter 1 of title 1, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:9.Definition of sex , male , female , and related termsIn determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, or of any ruling, regulation, or interpretation of the various departments and Federal agencies of the United States, the term—(1)boy means a minor human male;(2)father means a male parent;(3)female , when used to refer to a natural person, means a person belonging, at conception, to the sex characterized by a reproductive system with the biological function of producing eggs (ova);(4)gender identity means an identity that reflects an internal and subjective sense of self, disconnected from biological reality and sex and existing on an indeterminate continuum, and, because such an identity does not provide a meaningful basis for identification for purposes of Federal law, the term shall not be recognized by the Federal Government as a replacement for sex;(5)girl means a minor human female;(6)male , when used to refer to a natural person, means a person belonging, at conception, to the biological sex characterized by a reproductive system with the biological function of producing sperm;(7)man , except when used as a generic reference to human beings, means an adult human male;(8)mother means a female parent;(9)sex , when referring to a natural person's individual’s sex, means the person’s immutable biological classification as either male or female, as biologically determined and defined by this section; and(10)woman means an adult human female..
Tracker
The tracker indicates the progress of this legislation as it moves through the legislative process.
- Introduced2025-03-26
- Passed Senate
- Passed House
- Conference
- To President
- Became Law
A bill to establish clear and consistent biological definitions of male and female.
Sponsors
Sen. Roger Marshall (R) sponsors S. 1147, and 5 members have co-sponsored it, 4 of them from the day it was introduced.

Sen. · R–KS · Sponsor
Introduced Mar 26, 2025

Sen. · R–LA · Co-sponsor
Joined Mar 26, 2025 · Original

Sen. · R–MS · Co-sponsor
Joined Mar 26, 2025 · Original

Sen. · R–NE · Co-sponsor
Joined Mar 26, 2025 · Original

Sen. · R–MT · Co-sponsor
Joined Mar 26, 2025 · Original

Sen. · R–ID · Co-sponsor
Joined Apr 4, 2025
Committees
S. 1147 went before 1 committee: Judiciary.
Actions
S. 1147 has taken 2 actions since Mar 26, 2025.
| Chamber | Action | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mar 26, 2025 | Senate | Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.Judiciary Committee | ||
Mar 26, 2025 | — | Introduced in Senate |
Votes
S. 1147 has not gone to a roll call.
Related bills
1 bill is related to S. 1147, as Identical bill.
Titles
S. 1147 goes by 3 titles, 1 of them short titles.
- Defining Male and Female Act of 2025 — Display Title
- Defining Male and Female Act of 2025 — Short Title(s) as Introduced
- A bill to establish clear and consistent biological definitions of male and female. — Official Title as Introduced
Lobbying
3 clients hired 3 firms and 6 registered lobbyists who named S. 1147 in 7 quarterly filings, 2025 to 2026. Reported under the Lobbying Disclosure Act; a filing’s income covers everything its registrant worked that quarter, so the amounts below are the filings’, not this bill’s.
Filed under Civil Rights/Civil Liberties, Family issues/Abortion/Adoption, Defense, Education, Foreign Relations, Health Issues, Housing, Immigration.
Clients
Who paid to be heard, by how many filings named the bill.
| Client | Business | State | Firms | Filings | Reported |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 5 | — |
| ALLIANCE DEFENDING FREEDOM | Religious Liberty, Life, Parental Rights, Free Speech | Virginia | 1 | 1 | — |
| FAMILY RESEARCH COUNCIL | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 1 | — |
Firms
Registrants who filed on the bill, by filings.
| Registrant | Clients | Filings | Reported |
|---|---|---|---|
| HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN | 1 | 5 | — |
| ALLIANCE DEFENDING FREEDOM | 1 | 1 | — |
| FAMILY RESEARCH COUNCIL | 1 | 1 | — |
Lobbyists
Named on the filings that cite the bill.
| Lobbyist | Firms | Clients | Filings |
|---|---|---|---|
| DAVID STACY | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| JENNIFER BAILEY | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| MATTHEW ROSE | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| KATIE DOHERTY | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| MARY WADDELL | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| QUENA GONZALEZ | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Filings
The documents themselves, on the Senate’s Lobbying Disclosure site, largest reported first.
| Client | Registrant | Period | Reported | Document |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN | HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN | 2026 second_quarter | $223.7K | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN | HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN | 2025 fourth_quarter | $216.2K | 4th Quarter - Report |
| HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN | HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN | 2025 second_quarter | $204K | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN | HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN | 2026 first_quarter | $174.3K | 1st Quarter - Report |
| HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN | HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN | 2025 third_quarter | $155.6K | 3rd Quarter - Report |
| ALLIANCE DEFENDING FREEDOM | ALLIANCE DEFENDING FREEDOM | 2025 second_quarter | $40K | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| FAMILY RESEARCH COUNCIL | FAMILY RESEARCH COUNCIL | 2025 first_quarter | — | 1st Quarter - Report |
Classification
The Congressional Research Service files S. 1147 under Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues, one of its 31 policy areas.
CRS Subjects
CRS assigns every bill one policy area from its 31; S. 1147’s is Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues.
s1147/policy-areas.txtSource: congress.gov · legiscan.com
