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H.R. 1631
U.S. House•In House Committee
Summary
H.R. 1631, the Safe Access to Cash Act of 2025, was introduced in the House on Feb 26, 2025 by Rep. John Rose (R) with 13 co-sponsors. It was referred to Judiciary, and last saw action on Feb 26, 2025: Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Record
Text
H.R. 1631 has 13 co-sponsors.
hb1631/introduced-in-house.txt119 HR 1631 IH: Safe Access to Cash Act of 2025U.S. House of Representatives2025-02-26text/xmlENPursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.I 119th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 1631 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES February 26, 2025 Mr. Rose (for himself, Mr. Ivey , Mr. Fitzgerald , Mr. Meuser , Ms. Brownley , Mr. Foster , Mr. Ogles , and Mr. Kustoff ) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary A BILLTo amend title 18, United States Code, to clarify that ATMs are in the care, custody, control, management, or possession of, any bank, credit union, or any savings and loan association regardless of whether the ATM is located on the physical premises of such an institution.1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Safe Access to Cash Act of 2025 .2.ATM RobberySection 2113 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:(i)The term ATM means any network-connected automated teller machine terminal that is connected to one or more of the global, national, or regional electronic financial networks that allow a depositor of any bank, credit union, or savings and loan association, by use at such ATM of a card or other access device, as defined in subsection (e)(1) of section 1029 of this title, issued or authorized by such depository institution, to access such depositor’s account for the purpose of making withdrawals from or deposits to such account, or making inquiry as to the balance in such account, and includes any ATM owned, operated, or sponsored by a bank, credit union, or any savings and loan association.(j)For purposes of this section, an ATM, and any cash that is in transit to or being loaded into or unloaded from an ATM, shall be considered in the care, custody, control, management, or possession of, any bank, credit union, or any savings and loan association, regardless of whether—(1)the ATM is located on the physical premises of such an institution; or(2)the ATM is owned or operated by such an institution..
Tracker
The tracker indicates the progress of this legislation as it moves through the legislative process.
- Introduced2025-02-26
- Passed House
- Passed Senate
- Conference
- To President
- Became Law
CRS Summary
The summaries are the Congressional Research Service’s, one per stage. Read them in full.
Introduced in House Feb 26, 2025
hb1631/introduced-in-house.mdShown Here:
Introduced in House (02/26/2025)
Safe Access to Cash Act of 2025
This bill specifies that robbery offenses involving ATMs and related cash constitute crimes under the federal bank robbery statute.
Currently, the federal bank robbery statute makes it a federal crime to take or attempt to take, by force and violence or by intimidation, money or other property belonging to or in the care, custody, control, management, or possession of any bank, credit union, or savings and loan association.
However, federal circuit courts have split on whether forcing someone to withdraw money from an ATM constitutes an offense under the federal bank robbery statute. The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals has held that directly forcing a bank customer to withdraw money from an ATM does not constitute a federal bank robbery because the funds were in the possession of the customer, not the bank. In contrast, the Tenth and Seventh Circuits have held that directly forcing a bank customer to withdraw money from an ATM constitutes a federal bank robbery because the funds belonged to the bank when the withdrawal occurred.
This bill specifies that for purposes of the federal bank robbery statute, an ATM and any cash in transit to, being loaded into, or being unloaded from an ATM is in the care, custody, control, management, or possession of, any bank, credit union, or any savings and loan association, regardless of whether the ATM is located on the physical premises of such an institution or owned or operated by such an institution.
Sponsors
Rep. John Rose (R) sponsors H.R. 1631, and 13 members have co-sponsored it, 7 of them from the day it was introduced.

Rep. · R–TN-6 · Sponsor
Introduced Feb 26, 2025

Rep. · D–CA-26 · Co-sponsor
Joined Feb 26, 2025 · Original

Rep. · R–WI-5 · Co-sponsor
Joined Feb 26, 2025 · Original

Rep. · D–IL-11 · Co-sponsor
Joined Feb 26, 2025 · Original

Rep. · D–MD-4 · Co-sponsor
Joined Feb 26, 2025 · Original

Rep. · R–TN-8 · Co-sponsor
Joined Feb 26, 2025 · Original

Rep. · R–PA-9 · Co-sponsor
Joined Feb 26, 2025 · Original

Rep. · R–TN-5 · Co-sponsor
Joined Feb 26, 2025 · Original

Rep. · R–FL-5 · Co-sponsor
Joined Jul 23, 2025

Rep. · R–NC-14 · Co-sponsor
Joined Oct 8, 2025
Committees
H.R. 1631 went before 1 committee: Judiciary.
Actions
H.R. 1631 has taken 2 actions since Feb 26, 2025.
| Chamber | Action | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Feb 26, 2025 | House | Introduced in House | ||
Feb 26, 2025 | House | Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.Judiciary Committee |
Votes
H.R. 1631 has not gone to a roll call.
Titles
H.R. 1631 goes by 3 titles, 1 of them short titles.
- Safe Access to Cash Act of 2025 — Display Title
- Safe Access to Cash Act of 2025 — Short Title(s) as Introduced
- To amend title 18, United States Code, to clarify that ATMs are in the care, custody, control, management, or possession of, any bank, credit union, or any savings and loan association regardless of whether the ATM is located on the physical premises of such an institution. — Official Title as Introduced
Lobbying
6 clients hired 8 firms and 47 registered lobbyists who named H.R. 1631 in 43 quarterly filings, 2025 to 2026. Reported under the Lobbying Disclosure Act; a filing’s income covers everything its registrant worked that quarter, so the amounts below are the filings’, not this bill’s.
Filed under Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities, Law Enforcement/Crime/Criminal Justice, Trade (domestic/foreign), Banking, Taxation/Internal Revenue Code, Housing, Budget/Appropriations, Copyright/Patent/Trademark.
Clients
Who paid to be heard, by how many filings named the bill.
| Client | Business | State | Firms | Filings | Reported |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCR ATLEOS | Self service banking technologies | Georgia | 3 | 18 | $300K |
| NATIONAL ARMORED CAR ASSOCIATION | nonprofit association to advance and protect the interests of the armored car industry | Virginia | 1 | 6 | $10K |
| AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 6 | — |
| DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION RESEARCH COALITION | Advance policies related to disability and rehabilitation science. | District of Columbia | 1 | 6 | — |
| AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS | — | District of Columbia | 1 | 5 | — |
| NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION | — | Virginia | 1 | 2 | — |
Firms
Registrants who filed on the bill, by filings.
| Registrant | Clients | Filings | Reported |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION | 1 | 6 | — |
| CASSIDY & ASSOCIATES, INC. | 1 | 6 | $180K |
| NCR ATLEOS | 1 | 6 | — |
| POWERS PYLES SUTTER & VERVILLE, P.C. | 1 | 6 | — |
| TROUTMAN STRATEGIES | 1 | 6 | $120K |
| ULMAN PUBLIC POLICY & FEDERAL RELATIONS | 1 | 6 | $10K |
| AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS | 1 | 5 | — |
| NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION | 1 | 2 | — |
Lobbyists
Named on the filings that cite the bill. The 20 named most often, of 47.
| Lobbyist | Firms | Clients | Filings |
|---|---|---|---|
| ALEX CATANESE | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| ALISON TOUHEY | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| ANTHONY PARDAL | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| BASIL THOMSON | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| BLAKE EARLEY | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| CHRIS FISHER | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| CHRISTOPHER BAXTER | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| EDWARD CONNOR | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| EDWIN ELFMANN | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| FRANK PIGULSKI | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| HUGH CARNEY | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| ISABELLA HINDLEY | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| JENNIFER HATTEN | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| JESS SHARP | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| JOHN KEVIN MCKECHNIE | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| JORDAN DAWSON | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| JOSEPH PIGG | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| JOSHUA STEIN | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| JOSH ULMAN | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| JUSTIN MELVIN | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Filings
The documents themselves, on the Senate’s Lobbying Disclosure site, largest reported first.
| Client | Registrant | Period | Reported | Document |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION | AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION | 2026 second_quarter | $3.5M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION | AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION | 2026 first_quarter | $3.1M | 1st Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION | AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION | 2025 third_quarter | $2.2M | 3rd Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION | AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION | 2025 second_quarter | $2M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION | AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION | 2025 first_quarter | $1.7M | 1st Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION | AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION | 2025 fourth_quarter | $1.7M | 4th Quarter - Report |
| NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION | NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION | 2025 second_quarter | $450K | 2nd Quarter - Amendme… |
| NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION | NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION | 2025 second_quarter | $450K | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| NCR ATLEOS | NCR ATLEOS | 2026 second_quarter | $110K | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| NCR ATLEOS | NCR ATLEOS | 2025 second_quarter | $110K | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| NCR ATLEOS | NCR ATLEOS | 2025 fourth_quarter | $90K | 4th Quarter - Report |
| NCR ATLEOS | NCR ATLEOS | 2025 third_quarter | $80K | 3rd Quarter - Report |
| NCR ATLEOS | NCR ATLEOS | 2026 first_quarter | $70K | 1st Quarter - Report |
| NCR ATLEOS | NCR ATLEOS | 2025 first_quarter | $70K | 1st Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS | AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS | 2025 fourth_quarter | $60K | 4th Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS | AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS | 2025 third_quarter | $40K | 3rd Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS | AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS | 2025 second_quarter | $40K | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| NCR ATLEOS | CASSIDY & ASSOCIATES, INC. | 2026 second_quarter | $30K | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| NCR ATLEOS | CASSIDY & ASSOCIATES, INC. | 2026 first_quarter | $30K | 1st Quarter - Report |
| NCR ATLEOS | CASSIDY & ASSOCIATES, INC. | 2025 fourth_quarter | $30K | 4th Quarter - Report |
Classification
The Congressional Research Service files H.R. 1631 under Crime and Law Enforcement, one of its 31 policy areas, and gives it 2 legislative subjects.
CRS Subjects
CRS assigns every bill one policy area from its 31; H.R. 1631’s is Crime and Law Enforcement.
hr1631/policy-areas.txtLegislative Subjects
H.R. 1631 carries 2 of CRS’s legislative subjects, from Banking and financial institutions regulation to Crimes against property.
hr1631/subjects.txtConstitutional authority
The clause the sponsor cites as Congress’s power to enact H.R. 1631, as entered in the Congressional Record.
[Congressional Record Volume 171, Number 38 (Wednesday, February 26, 2025)][House]From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]By Mr. ROSE:H.R. 1631.Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuantto the following:Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution[Page H880]
Source: congress.gov · legiscan.com