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H.R. 1631

U.S. HouseIn House Committee

Summary

H.R. 1631, the Safe Access to Cash Act of 2025, was introduced in the House on Feb 26, 2025 by Rep. John Rose (R) with 13 co-sponsors. It was referred to Judiciary, and last saw action on Feb 26, 2025: Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.


Record

Text

H.R. 1631 has 13 co-sponsors.

hb1631/introduced-in-house.txt
119 HR 1631 IH: Safe Access to Cash Act of 2025
U.S. House of Representatives
2025-02-26
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
I 119th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 1631 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES February 26, 2025 Mr. Rose (for himself, Mr. Ivey , Mr. Fitzgerald , Mr. Meuser , Ms. Brownley , Mr. Foster , Mr. Ogles , and Mr. Kustoff ) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary A BILL
To amend title 18, United States Code, to clarify that ATMs are in the care, custody, control, management, or possession of, any bank, credit union, or any savings and loan association regardless of whether the ATM is located on the physical premises of such an institution.
1.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the Safe Access to Cash Act of 2025 .
2.
ATM Robbery
Section 2113 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
(i)
The term ATM means any network-connected automated teller machine terminal that is connected to one or more of the global, national, or regional electronic financial networks that allow a depositor of any bank, credit union, or savings and loan association, by use at such ATM of a card or other access device, as defined in subsection (e)(1) of section 1029 of this title, issued or authorized by such depository institution, to access such depositor’s account for the purpose of making withdrawals from or deposits to such account, or making inquiry as to the balance in such account, and includes any ATM owned, operated, or sponsored by a bank, credit union, or any savings and loan association.
(j)
For purposes of this section, an ATM, and any cash that is in transit to or being loaded into or unloaded from an ATM, shall be considered in the care, custody, control, management, or possession of, any bank, credit union, or any savings and loan association, regardless of whether—
(1)
the ATM is located on the physical premises of such an institution; or
(2)
the ATM is owned or operated by such an institution.
.

Tracker

The tracker indicates the progress of this legislation as it moves through the legislative process.

  1. Introduced2025-02-26
  2. Passed House
  3. Passed Senate
  4. Conference
  5. To President
  6. Became Law

CRS Summary

The summaries are the Congressional Research Service’s, one per stage. Read them in full.

Introduced in House Feb 26, 2025

hb1631/introduced-in-house.md

Shown Here:
Introduced in House (02/26/2025)

Safe Access to Cash Act of 2025

This bill specifies that robbery offenses involving ATMs and related cash constitute crimes under the federal bank robbery statute.

Currently, the federal bank robbery statute makes it a federal crime to take or attempt to take, by force and violence or by intimidation, money or other property belonging to or in the care, custody, control, management, or possession of any bank, credit union, or savings and loan association.

However, federal circuit courts have split on whether forcing someone to withdraw money from an ATM constitutes an offense under the federal bank robbery statute. The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals has held that directly forcing a bank customer to withdraw money from an ATM does not constitute a federal bank robbery because the funds were in the possession of the customer, not the bank. In contrast, the Tenth and Seventh Circuits have held that directly forcing a bank customer to withdraw money from an ATM constitutes a federal bank robbery because the funds belonged to the bank when the withdrawal occurred.

This bill specifies that for purposes of the federal bank robbery statute, an ATM and any cash in transit to, being loaded into, or being unloaded from an ATM is in the care, custody, control, management, or possession of, any bank, credit union, or any savings and loan association, regardless of whether the ATM is located on the physical premises of such an institution or owned or operated by such an institution.

Sponsors

Rep. John Rose (R) sponsors H.R. 1631, and 13 members have co-sponsored it, 7 of them from the day it was introduced.

Committees

H.R. 1631 went before 1 committee: Judiciary.

Judiciary
Judiciary
Referred To · Feb 26, 2025 · 2,181 Bills

Actions

H.R. 1631 has taken 2 actions since Feb 26, 2025.

ChamberAction
Feb 26, 2025
House
Introduced in House
Feb 26, 2025
House
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.Judiciary Committee

Votes

H.R. 1631 has not gone to a roll call.

Titles

H.R. 1631 goes by 3 titles, 1 of them short titles.

  • Safe Access to Cash Act of 2025 — Display Title
  • Safe Access to Cash Act of 2025 — Short Title(s) as Introduced
  • To amend title 18, United States Code, to clarify that ATMs are in the care, custody, control, management, or possession of, any bank, credit union, or any savings and loan association regardless of whether the ATM is located on the physical premises of such an institution. — Official Title as Introduced

Lobbying

6 clients hired 8 firms and 47 registered lobbyists who named H.R. 1631 in 43 quarterly filings, 2025 to 2026. Reported under the Lobbying Disclosure Act; a filing’s income covers everything its registrant worked that quarter, so the amounts below are the filings’, not this bill’s.

Filed under Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities, Law Enforcement/Crime/Criminal Justice, Trade (domestic/foreign), Banking, Taxation/Internal Revenue Code, Housing, Budget/Appropriations, Copyright/Patent/Trademark.

Clients

Who paid to be heard, by how many filings named the bill.

ClientBusinessStateFirmsFilingsReported
NCR ATLEOSSelf service banking technologiesGeorgia318$300K
NATIONAL ARMORED CAR ASSOCIATIONnonprofit association to advance and protect the interests of the armored car industryVirginia16$10K
AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATIONDistrict of Columbia16
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION RESEARCH COALITIONAdvance policies related to disability and rehabilitation science.District of Columbia16
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERSDistrict of Columbia15
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATIONVirginia12

Firms

Registrants who filed on the bill, by filings.

Lobbyists

Named on the filings that cite the bill. The 20 named most often, of 47.

Filings

The documents themselves, on the Senate’s Lobbying Disclosure site, largest reported first.

ClientRegistrantPeriodReportedDocument
AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATIONAMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION2026 second_quarter$3.5M2nd Quarter - Report
AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATIONAMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION2026 first_quarter$3.1M1st Quarter - Report
AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATIONAMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION2025 third_quarter$2.2M3rd Quarter - Report
AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATIONAMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION2025 second_quarter$2M2nd Quarter - Report
AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATIONAMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION2025 first_quarter$1.7M1st Quarter - Report
AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATIONAMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION2025 fourth_quarter$1.7M4th Quarter - Report
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATIONNATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION2025 second_quarter$450K2nd Quarter - Amendme…
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATIONNATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION2025 second_quarter$450K2nd Quarter - Report
NCR ATLEOSNCR ATLEOS2026 second_quarter$110K2nd Quarter - Report
NCR ATLEOSNCR ATLEOS2025 second_quarter$110K2nd Quarter - Report
NCR ATLEOSNCR ATLEOS2025 fourth_quarter$90K4th Quarter - Report
NCR ATLEOSNCR ATLEOS2025 third_quarter$80K3rd Quarter - Report
NCR ATLEOSNCR ATLEOS2026 first_quarter$70K1st Quarter - Report
NCR ATLEOSNCR ATLEOS2025 first_quarter$70K1st Quarter - Report
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS2025 fourth_quarter$60K4th Quarter - Report
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS2025 third_quarter$40K3rd Quarter - Report
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERSAMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS2025 second_quarter$40K2nd Quarter - Report
NCR ATLEOSCASSIDY & ASSOCIATES, INC.2026 second_quarter$30K2nd Quarter - Report
NCR ATLEOSCASSIDY & ASSOCIATES, INC.2026 first_quarter$30K1st Quarter - Report
NCR ATLEOSCASSIDY & ASSOCIATES, INC.2025 fourth_quarter$30K4th Quarter - Report

Classification

The Congressional Research Service files H.R. 1631 under Crime and Law Enforcement, one of its 31 policy areas, and gives it 2 legislative subjects.

CRS Subjects

CRS assigns every bill one policy area from its 31; H.R. 1631’s is Crime and Law Enforcement.

hr1631/policy-areas.txt
Crime and Law EnforcementAgriculture and FoodAnimalsArmed Forces and National SecurityArts, Culture, ReligionCivil Rights and Liberties, Minority IssuesCommerceCongressEconomics and Public FinanceEducationEmergency ManagementEnergyEnvironmental ProtectionFamiliesFinance and Financial SectorForeign Trade and International FinanceGovernment Operations and PoliticsHealthHousing and Community DevelopmentImmigrationInternational AffairsLabor and EmploymentLawNative AmericansPublic Lands and Natural ResourcesScience, Technology, CommunicationsSocial WelfareSports and RecreationTaxationTransportation and Public WorksWater Resources Development

Legislative Subjects

H.R. 1631 carries 2 of CRS’s legislative subjects, from Banking and financial institutions regulation to Crimes against property.

hr1631/subjects.txt
Banking and financial institutions regulationCrimes against property

Constitutional authority

The clause the sponsor cites as Congress’s power to enact H.R. 1631, as entered in the Congressional Record.

[Congressional Record Volume 171, Number 38 (Wednesday, February 26, 2025)][House]From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]By Mr. ROSE:H.R. 1631.Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuantto the following:Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution[Page H880]

Source: congress.gov · legiscan.com