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H.J.Res. 28
U.S. House•In House Committee
Summary
H.J.Res. 28, “Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices”, was introduced in the House on Jan 22, 2025 by Rep. Dusty Johnson (R) with 108 co-sponsors. It was referred to Judiciary, and last saw action on Jan 22, 2025: Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Record
Text
H.J.Res. 28 has 108 co-sponsors.
hjr28/introduced-in-house.txt119 HJ 28 IH: Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.U.S. House of Representatives2025-01-22text/xmlENPursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.IA 119th CONGRESS 1st Session H. J. RES. 28 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES January 22, 2025 Mr. Johnson of South Dakota (for himself, Mr. Webster of Florida , Mr. Fleischmann , Mr. Estes , Ms. Tenney , Mr. Hudson , Mr. Balderson , Mr. Dunn of Florida , Ms. Foxx , Mr. Rose , Mr. Bacon , Mr. Biggs of Arizona , Ms. Van Duyne , Mr. Feenstra , Mr. Harrigan , Mr. Austin Scott of Georgia , Mrs. Cammack , Mr. Crenshaw , Mr. Finstad , Mr. Fulcher , Ms. Hageman , Mr. Rouzer , Mr. Zinke , Mr. Yakym , Mr. Guest , Mr. Moolenaar , Mrs. Fischbach , Mr. Rutherford , Mr. Moran , Mr. Buchanan , Ms. Letlow , Mr. Thompson of Pennsylvania , Ms. Malliotakis , Mrs. Houchin , Mr. Fry , Mr. Ezell , Mr. Ogles , Mr. Ciscomani , Mr. Weber of Texas , Mr. Fitzgerald , Mr. Jackson of Texas , Mr. Mann , Mr. Issa , Ms. Salazar , Mr. Amodei of Nevada , Mrs. Harshbarger , Mr. Perry , Mr. Huizenga , Ms. De La Cruz , Mr. Timmons , Mr. Alford , Mr. Massie , Mr. Kelly of Mississippi , Mr. Scott Franklin of Florida , Mr. Aderholt , Mr. Sessions , Mr. Rogers of Kentucky , Mr. Flood , Mr. Wilson of South Carolina , Mr. Garbarino , Mr. Donalds , Mr. Grothman , Mrs. Bice , Mr. LaLota , Mr. Moore of Alabama , Mr. Calvert , Mr. Hill of Arkansas , Mr. Guthrie , Mrs. Miller of Illinois , Mr. Smith of Nebraska , Mr. Lawler , Mr. Miller of Ohio , and Mr. Schmidt ) submitted the following joint resolution; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary JOINT RESOLUTIONProposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years after the date of its submission for ratification:—The Supreme Court of the United States shall be composed of nine justices..
Tracker
The tracker indicates the progress of this legislation as it moves through the legislative process.
- Introduced2025-01-22
- Passed House
- Passed Senate
- Conference
- To President
- Became Law
CRS Summary
The summaries are the Congressional Research Service’s, one per stage. Read them in full.
Introduced in House Jan 22, 2025
hjr28/introduced-in-house.mdShown Here:
Introduced in House (01/22/2025)
This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment requiring the Supreme Court to consist of nine Justices.
Sponsors
Rep. Dusty Johnson (R) sponsors H.J.Res. 28, and 108 members have co-sponsored it, 72 of them from the day it was introduced.

Rep. · R–SD · Sponsor
Introduced Jan 22, 2025

Rep. · R–AL-4 · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 22, 2025 · Original

Rep. · R–MO-4 · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 22, 2025 · Original

Rep. · R–NV-2 · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 22, 2025 · Original

Rep. · R–NE-2 · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 22, 2025 · Original

Rep. · R–OH-12 · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 22, 2025 · Original

Rep. · R–OK-5 · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 22, 2025 · Original

Rep. · R–AZ-5 · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 22, 2025 · Original

Rep. · R–FL-16 · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 22, 2025 · Original

Rep. · R–CA-41 · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 22, 2025 · Original
Committees
H.J.Res. 28 went before 1 committee: Judiciary.
Actions
H.J.Res. 28 has taken 2 actions since Jan 22, 2025.
| Chamber | Action | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 22, 2025 | House | Introduced in House | ||
Jan 22, 2025 | House | Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.Judiciary Committee |
Votes
H.J.Res. 28 has not gone to a roll call.
Related bills
1 bill is related to H.J.Res. 28, as Identical bill.
Titles
H.J.Res. 28 goes by 2 titles.
- Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices. — Display Title
- Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices. — Official Title as Introduced
Classification
The Congressional Research Service files H.J.Res. 28 under Law, one of its 31 policy areas, and gives it 3 legislative subjects.
CRS Subjects
CRS assigns every bill one policy area from its 31; H.J.Res. 28’s is Law.
hjres28/policy-areas.txtLegislative Subjects
H.J.Res. 28 carries 3 of CRS’s legislative subjects, from Constitution and constitutional amendments to Supreme Court.
hjres28/subjects.txtConstitutional authority
The clause the sponsor cites as Congress’s power to enact H.J.Res. 28, as entered in the Congressional Record.
[Congressional Record Volume 171, Number 13 (Wednesday, January 22, 2025)][House]From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]By Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota:H.J. Res. 28.Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuantto the following:Article V of the Constitution of the United States[Page H301]
Source: congress.gov · legiscan.com
